生髓健骨胶囊对酒精性骨质疏松大鼠股骨生物力学影响的研究

目的研究生髓健骨胶囊对酒精性骨质疏松大鼠股骨生物力学的影响。方法按数字表法随机选取大鼠120只分为4组,每组30只,造模前对各组大鼠体质量进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。模型组用酒精灌胃法造模,正常对照组用生理盐水灌胃,西药对照组用生理盐水、碳酸钙阿法D3灌胃,中药干预组用生理盐水、生髓健骨胶囊灌胃给药。干预后分别在8、12、16周后各处死10只取材,用游标卡尺测量股骨中段外径,算出截面面积。完毕后采用电子万能试验机进行股骨三点弯曲试验。指标为最大载荷、极限强度、弹性模量、最大挠度。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析(P0.05),进行t检验。结果模型组的最大载荷、极限强度、最大挠度、弹性模量与正常组比较均显著降低(P0.01),西药对照组和中药干预组均有不同程度改善。中药干预组最大载荷、极限强度、最大挠度均优于西药对照组,而弹性模量经比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论生髓健骨胶囊可明显改善大鼠股骨生物力学的性能,提高骨硬度和骨弹性,能够有效防治酒精性骨质疏松,改善大鼠股骨生物力学性能。     

不同加载速度对大鼠骨生物力学特性的影响

本实验观察了在三点弯曲力学实验中,在不同运动速度（５ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ,２０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）的加载条件下,即在不同的加载速度时,大鼠肱骨最大载荷、弹性载荷、最大挠度、弹性挠度、最大应力、弹性应力、最大应变、弹性应变８项骨生物力学指标的变化特点。结果表明：与５ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ加载速度相比较,在２０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ加载速度下,骨最大载荷、弹性载荷、最大挠度、弹性挠度显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;骨最大应力、弹性应力、最大应变、弹性应变无明显变化。提示：三点弯曲力学实验中,在一定范围内提高加载速度,主要影响骨结构力学特性,而对骨材料力学特性无明显影响     

脊髓损伤后骨质疏松小鼠的骨折愈合

目的 通过脊髓损伤小鼠和对照组小鼠骨折愈合的对比研究来了解神经因素在骨折愈合中的作用.方法 将120只脊髓损伤小鼠(SCI)和对照组小鼠(CON)做成单侧股骨骨折模型.在术后2、4和8w,每个时间点,20只(SCI:10只,CON:10只)通过硅酮橡胶(microfil)灌注后micro-CT检查骨痂微血管,血清检测VEGF了解骨愈合过程中的血管形成的情况,检测骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶了解骨折愈合情况,同时另外20只进行骨密度,骨痂微结构分析,生物力学检测.结果 脊髓损伤小鼠骨折愈合中中血管形成情况,骨密度,骨痂微结构和生物力学都明显弱于对照组,血清VEGF、骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶也明显弱于对照组.结论 脊髓损伤明显抑制了骨折愈合,减少骨折处局部骨痂量,神经因素在骨折愈合过程中扮演着重要角色.     

辅酶Q10对10月龄小鼠股骨的Micro CT观察及骨生物力学检测

目的应用骨生物力学和Micro-CT技术,探讨辅酶Q10对10月龄小鼠股骨的显微结构和生物力学的影响。方法 35只SPF级8月龄雌性KM小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(CON)、维生素E组(VE)、辅酶Q10低剂量组(Co Q10L)、辅酶Q10高剂量组(Co Q10H),辅酶Q10低剂量联合维生素E(Co Q10L+VE),连续灌胃给药10周。实验结束后,取右侧股骨进行Micro-CT扫描及三维重建,左侧股骨进行生物力学检测。结果与CON组比较,Co Q10L组小鼠右侧股骨的微观参数:体积分数、连接密度和骨密度明显增加,左侧股骨的骨生物力学刚度增加。Co Q10H体积分数、连接密度和SMI明显增加,同时骨生物力学参数中弹性载荷和最大位移得到明显增加。Co Q10L联合VE组连接密度增加,生物力学方面参数没有统计学差异。与VE比较,辅酶Q10两个剂量和辅酶Q10低剂量联合维生素E参数并没有统计学差异。结论 Co Q10(500 mg·kg-1·d-1)能够修复小鼠的股骨微观结构,提高骨生物力学的性能,修复骨量、降低股骨骨折风险的能力优于VE,提示Co Q10的抗骨质疏松作用具有良好的研究前景。     

仙灵骨葆胶囊对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨生长因子及骨折愈合的影响

目的 探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨生长因子BMP-2、IGF-1表达及骨折愈合的影响。方法 48只雌性SD大鼠随机分为：假手术组、模型组、雌二醇组、仙灵骨葆组，12只/组，采用“双侧卵巢切除术+右侧股骨干骨折髓内固定术”构建骨质疏松性骨折大鼠模型，评估骨折愈合情况，检测股骨骨痂BMD、股骨骨生物力学指标和血清骨代谢相关指标，检测骨痂BMP-2、IGF-1蛋白表达。结果 模型组较假手术组骨折愈合评分、股骨痂BMD、股骨骨生物力学指标（最大载荷、最大应力、最大位移）、骨痂BMP-2和IGF-I阳性表达均显著降低（P<0.05），雌二醇组、仙灵骨葆组较模型组骨折愈合评分、股骨痂BMD、股骨骨生物力学指标、骨痂BMP-2和IGF-I阳性表达均显著升高（P<0.05），均以仙灵骨葆组最高。模型组较假手术组血清骨代谢指标（BGP、PICP、TRACP-5b）均显著升高（P<0.05），雌二醇组、仙灵骨葆组较模型组血清骨代谢指标均显著降低（P<0.05），以仙灵骨葆组最低。结论 仙灵骨葆胶囊可能通过介导提高骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨生长因子BMP-2和IGF-1表达，改善骨代谢，加速骨痂形成，增加骨密度，提高骨生物力学，促进骨折愈合。     

雷尼酸锶对尾吊大鼠失重性骨质疏松的防治作用

目的观察雷尼酸锶(SR)对尾吊大鼠血清骨代谢指标、骨密度、骨生物力学的影响。方法选用3月龄雄性健康SD大鼠30只,随机分为5组:全程对照组(A组)、尾吊时服用SR组(B组)、尾吊后服用SR组(C组)、全程服用SR组(D组)、尾吊后对照组(E组),共8周(其中尾吊4周)。分别检测血清骨代谢指标,行骨密度检查及骨生物力学实验。结果尾吊后对照组碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素活性明显高于其余各组(P0.05)。骨密度、最大压缩载荷、最大三点弯曲载荷均比A组低,经过SR治疗后各组指标均有不同程度提高(P0.05),但尾吊后服用SR组和全程服用SR组效果相当且优于尾吊时服用SR组。结论雷尼酸锶对尾吊大鼠骨质疏松有防治作用。     

应用microCT技术对中药干预去卵巢小鼠骨组织微结构的分析

目的应用micro CT技术观察健骨颗粒对C57小鼠去卵巢骨质疏松模型骨组织骨量、骨微结构及生物力学的影响。方法将4周龄清洁级C57小鼠30只随机分为三组(假手术组10只、卵巢切除小鼠两组各10只),两组卵巢切除小鼠术后1周开始,分别用健骨颗粒和生理盐水进行灌胃,假手术组用生理盐水灌胃。2个月后,小鼠左胫骨行micro CT检测及图像分析、右胫骨行生物力学三点抗压最大载荷检测。结果与假手术组比较,去卵巢组BMC、BMD、Mean、BV、BS显著下降(P0.01),TMC下降(0.01P0.05);与去卵巢组比较,去卵巢中药组BMC、BMD、Mean指标显著提高(P0.01);图像分析结果显示去卵巢组较假手术组骨皮质薄,骨小梁数量少,形态细小、不连续呈扭曲或断裂状等明显骨质疏松病理特征,去卵巢中药组介于两者之间。生物力学结果显示三组胫骨三点抗压最大载荷均具有明显差异(P0.01)。结论去卵巢2月成功建立小鼠绝经后骨质疏松症模型;健骨颗粒抗骨质疏松作用明显,主要通过增加骨量和改善骨小梁微结构来最终提高骨强度;micro CT对骨质疏松参数分析简洁、高效,图像多维、全面,与传统的检测方法相比,具有一定的优势。     

骨质疏松性骨折膜内成骨和软骨内成骨特点的定量研究

目的通过去势大鼠骨折模型,探讨骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中膜内成骨和软骨内成骨的特点。方法57只6月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为卵巢切除组(OVX)和对照组(SHAM),术后3个月pQCT随访观察到OVX组的骨密度(BMD)显著下降。随后OVX组和SHAM组均构建闭合性股骨骨折模型,每周摄X线片随访骨折愈合情况并行骨痂定量分析。第2、4、8周取材,行显微CT(micro-CT)三维骨痂定量分析和组织学分析,并于第8周采集标本进行生物力学测试。结果SHAM组膜内成骨的新生骨量在骨折愈合早期显著高于OVX组(P=0.031),骨折区域的软骨形成也较OVX组活跃,但未构成显著性差异。随着软骨内骨化的进行,SHAM组软骨内成骨区域的新生骨量显著高于OVX组(P=0.023)。骨折后8周时,SHAM组骨折愈合率高于OVX组,生物力学强度也明显优于OVX组(P=0.044)。结论骨质疏松对骨折愈合中膜内成骨和软骨内成骨的过程均产生负性作用,其分子生物学机制有待进一步探讨。     

新型骨质疏松大鼠骨生物力学测试方法:股骨干骺端弯曲试验

 目的 建立一种新的骨生物力学测试方法用以评价去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠股骨干骺端生物力学的变化。方法 20只 5月龄雌性 SD大鼠随机分为去卵巢组和假手术组。术后 12周, 对全部大 鼠进行股骨骨密度和股骨远端骨组织计量学测定。所有大鼠取一侧股骨行中段三点弯曲试验, 另一侧 股骨行干骺端弯曲试验, 测定生物力学指标(最大载荷、屈服载荷、刚度)。对各生物力学指标和骨密度 及骨组织计量学指标行 Pearson相关分析。结果 去卵巢组股骨骨密度、骨组织计量学指标(骨小梁面 积百分比、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度)和生物力学参数(最大载荷、屈服载荷、刚度)较假手术组均明显降 低。在股骨干骺端弯曲试验中, 两组最大载荷和屈服载荷的差值明显大于三点弯曲试验所得的相应差值。 Pearson相关分析显示骨生物力学各参数与骨密度、骨组织计量学指标均呈正相关, 且股骨干骺端 弯曲试验的生物力学参数与骨密度、骨组织计量学指标的相关性明显强于股骨干三点弯曲试验。结论 建立了新型骨质疏松大鼠骨生物力学测试方法, 即股骨干骺端弯曲试验, 可用来评估去卵巢骨质疏松 大鼠股骨干骺端生物力学性能, 与股骨干三点弯曲试验相比, 其敏感度更高, 与骨密度和骨组织计量学 参数的相关性更强。     

从生物力学角度探讨酒精对大鼠股骨干及股骨头影响的实验研究

目的探究长期酒精灌胃对大鼠股骨干及股骨头生物力学的影响。方法 35只SD大鼠随机分组,其中酒精组20只给予46%酒精每周灌胃4次,空白组15只,灌胃等体积生理盐水。4个月后取双侧股骨干行三点弯曲试验,双侧股骨头行压缩试验,SPSS 23. 0软件进行统计分析。结果与空白组相比,酒精组股骨干弹性模量、刚度系数、最大载荷、破坏载荷等力学参数均降低,而韧性系数、弹性应变、最大应变、弹性挠度和最大挠度不同程度地增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);酒精组大鼠股骨头弹性载荷和最大载荷均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论长期酒精摄入可降低大鼠股骨干及股骨头抵抗外力的生物力学性能,使骨折风险增加。     

Biological effects of extracorporeal shockwave in bone healing: a study in rabbits

INTRODUCTION: This study is an investigation of the biological effects of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) on bone healing in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen 12-month-old New Zealand white rabbits with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in the study. An intra-medullary pin was inserted retrograde into the femur canal. A closed fracture of the femur was created with a three-point bend method. The animals were randomly divided into the study group and the control group with eight rabbits in each group. The study group received shockwave treatment, whereas the control group did not. The animals were killed at 12 weeks, and a 5-cm long femur bone including the callus was harvested. The specimens were subjected to biomechanical study, histomorphological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The shockwave group showed significantly better bone strength in biomechanical study, more cortical bone formation in histomorphological examination and higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenic and osteogenic growth markers including VEGF, eNOS, PCNA, and BMP-2 on immunohistochemical stains than the control group. CONCLUSION: ESWT significantly improved bone healing after fracture of the femur in rabbit. ESWT promoted the formation of cortical bone what might have been associated with increased biomechanical results. ESWT-promoted bone healing was associated with increased neovascularization and up-regulation of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors.     

钙及高压氧对卵巢切除大鼠骨丟失影响的实验研究

目的：评价纳米碳酸钙及高压氧对雌激素缺乏引起的骨丢失的预防作用。方法：采用3月龄Wistar雌性大鼠切除双侧卵巢并用低钙饲料喂养作动物模型,术后分别给予钙剂及高压氧,连续14周。结果：与假手术组（Sham）相比去势组（OVX）骨密度、股骨生物力学性质、生化、骨形态计量指标均有显差异;钙剂组（OVX Ca)及高压氧组（OVX HBO）与OVX组比较,股骨干及股骨近段骨密度、股骨最大载荷、弹性桡度、最大应力、弱性模量显升高,血清TRAP、ALP显下降,高压氧组股骨弹性载荷、弹性应力、弹性应变的升高及血清TRAP、ALP的下降均较钙剂组明显。结论：纳米碳酸钙及高压氧能在一定程度上抑制去势低钙饲料喂养的Wistar大鼠骨密度及骨生物力学性能下降。     

Effects of prefracture irradiation on the biomechanical parameters of fracture healing

This study examined the effects on the biomechanical parameters of fracture healing of a single dose of 900 rad (the approximate single-dose equivalent of 2,500 rad in 10 divided doses), given 1 day prior to closed fracture of the femur. The femurs were recovered at 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after fracture and were mounted and tested to failure in torsion; the results were compared with those in nonirradiated controls from a previously published study. Prefracture irradiation delayed the progressive increase in biomechanical parameters of fracture healing. The delay was statistically significant up to 8 weeks after fracture. At 4 weeks, the normalized torque was 44% that of intact bone in the treated group compared with 75% for the control group. Sixteen weeks after fracture, the biomechanical and histological parameters of fracture healing of the irradiated femurs were no different from those of the nonirradiated controls. Within the treated group, the irradiated fractures remained significantly weaker than their contralateral intact bone at all time intervals, with a torque of only 79% that of intact bone at 16 weeks. Thus, femoral fractures in rats healed (or regained substantial strength) following palliative doses of radiation delivered 1 day prior to injury, but the repair process was delayed compared with that of nonirradiated controls.     

Assessment of bone union/nonunion in an experimental model using microcomputed technology

BACKGROUND: High-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) is one of the most recent technical developments to visualize and quantify primarily cancellous bone. Regarding bone formation, microCT is becoming increasingly important, although its reliability has not yet been evaluated. Our study had two goals: to develop a reproducible nonunion model and to determine the efficacy of microCT for the assessment of bone healing in this model. METHODS: The designed fracture model in the rat simulates secondary fracture healing. After plate fixation to the femur, diaphysis transverse middiaphyseal osteotomy was performed with a reciprocating saw, resulting in a 0.38-mm gap with a defect of bone and periosteum corresponding to the thickness of the blade. Proximally and distally to this gap, the periosteum was preserved. Thus, three separate zones were defined: proximal femur diaphysis with periosteum, gap, and distal femur diaphysis with periosteum. In the nonunion group (NM group), a model of impaired bone healing (nonunion), silicone foil was wrapped around the femur diaphysis to block any influence from surrounding tissue. Coverage of the bone repair site by thigh muscles was designed for a model of bone union (M group). Four weeks postoperatively, callus formation was determined by conventional anterior-posterior and lateral plain radiographs. Ten weeks later, a second x-ray series was done as the clinical standard evaluation method. Afterward, specimens were harvested for microCT examination (two-dimensional and three-dimensional [3D]). Biomechanical testing was carried out to determine fracture healing. RESULTS: Our model is highly reproducible and results in bone nonunion in five out of six cases (83.3%). In determining fracture site, plain radiographs the least reliable method in comparison to the biomechanical testing which is the most accurate reference method. In contrast, microCT (the 3D reconstruction) showed significant correlation (r = 1) to the results assessed by biomechanical testing, whereas microCT was correct in 100%. We found bone healing in five out of six animals in the M group verified by microCT (in accordance to biomechanical data). In the M group, significantly enhanced bone formation (50%) (p = 0.008) was observed within the osteotomy site (i.e. within the gap), but there was no difference in periosteal bone formation between the groups proximally and distally to the gap. Interestingly, we did not find statistically significant differences in mineralization. CONCLUSION: We conclude that microCT with 3D reconstruction is the optimal method diagnostic tool in fracture healing, especially in nonunion. Furthermore, direct coverage of the fracture site by muscle flaps results in a mineralized enhanced bone formation within the osteotomy site (i.e. within the gap). Skeletal muscle coverage hypothetically might have osteogenic augmentation potential, thus being able to prevent pseudoarthrosis.     

局部应用CPC/rhBMP-2复合材料对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影响

目的研究磷酸钙骨水泥（Calcium Phosphate Cement，CPC）与重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2（Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenefic Protein-2，rhBMP-2）复合材料对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的影响。方法取4月龄雌性清洁大鼠106只，随机分成实验组96只，对照组10只。实验组行双侧卵巢切除术，对照组行假手术，术后行双能X线骨扫描确定骨质疏松动物模型形成。然后将实验组96只大鼠制作右侧股骨远端松质骨骨折，将上述动物随机分成3组，每组32只：（1）克氏针组，从髁间窝穿入直径1mm克氏针固定；（2）CPC组，将CPC从12号针头注入骨髓腔，手法固定至骨水泥凝固；（3）CPC-BMP组，将CPC与rhBMP-2复合材料用12号针头注入骨髓腔，手法固定至骨水泥凝固。术后第2、4、6、8wk三组各取8只动物处死，取手术侧股骨远端标本行压缩实验。结果在上述4个时间点，CPC-BMP组的骨折段最大载荷较克氏针组及CPC组增高（P〈0．05）；第2周CPC组骨折段最大载荷较克氏针组增高（P〈0．05）。结论（1）局部注射CPC-BMP复合材料可以促进骨质疏松大鼠骨折的愈合，提高骨折愈合后的强度；（2）CPC局部应用可以对骨折起到即时固定作用。     

骨形成蛋白和转化生长因子-β对兔尺骨骨折愈合后生物力学性能的影响

目的 探讨外源性骨形成蛋白(BMP)和转化生长因子—β(TGF—β)对骨折愈合后生物力学性能的影响。方法 36只日本大耳白兔，体重3．5～4．5kg。随机分成4组：空白对照组、TGF—β组、BMP组和TGF—β BMP组，每组9只。采用兔尺骨骨折模型，在骨折局部将聚乳酸(PAL)为载体制备成TGF—β／PAL、BMP／PAL、TGF—β BMP／PLA缓释系统，手术当天将各缓释系统植入骨折区，对照组在相应部位置入PAL，术后50天取材，通过三点弯曲法测骨折愈合后整体骨弯曲结构力学性能的变化。取断端密质骨，用三点弯曲、压缩和拉伸方法测骨试件的材料力学特性的变化，同时测骨痴的几何参数和骨密度的变化来对骨折愈合进行评估。结果 治疗组尺骨的几何参数，整体骨弯曲的破坏载荷、极限强度和弹性棋量，骨试件的弯曲、压缩和拉伸的极限强度，以及弯曲和压缩的弹性棋量明显高于对照组，各治疗组与对照组比较，具有统计学意义(P＜0．01)，TGF—β BMP组高于TGF—β和BMP组；TGF—β组高于BMP组，各治疗组之间两两比较，有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。在骨密度方面，各治疗组与对照组之间无明显差异。结论 兔骨折周围局部应用外源性TGF—β和BMP可促进骨痴形成，增强骨折愈合后骨组织的生物力学强度，TGF—β的作用优于BMP，联合应用优于单用一种生长因子，在促进骨折愈合方面具有协同作用。     

动力加压单侧立体外固定器固定股骨粗隆间骨折的生物力学研究

目的通过生物力学实验研究对动力加压单侧立体外固定器固定(SLUTEF)股骨粗隆间骨折的生物力学性能进行评价。方法取15具成人甲醛固定股骨标本,造成AO分型31-A1.1型股骨粗隆间骨折模型。试验组(5具)用动力加压单侧立体外固定器固定,对照组用单侧成角外固定器(UAEF)固定(5具)和动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定(5具)。结果①骨折断端的应力分布:试验组和DHS组包括张力侧各点均为压应力,而UAEF组在外侧4个测试点为拉应力。试验组和DHS组应力在骨折断端都有分布,而UAEF组主要分布于靠近股骨距的第1点,可以看出试验组和DHS组在一定的载荷范围内应力以滑动螺钉为中心分布,而UAEF组应力集中在股骨距处。②试验组的骨折端相当接触面积,以及极限承载能力均明显大于DHS组和UAEF组(P<0.05)。结论动力加压单侧立体外固定架的相当接触面积,极限力学性能明显大于动力髋螺钉和单侧成角外固定器,固定可靠,能避免或减少髋内翻等并发症。     

藤黄健骨胶囊对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨代谢的影响

目的研究藤黄健骨胶囊对骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨代谢的影响。方法采用去卵巢法制备大鼠骨质疏松症模型,灌胃藤黄健骨胶囊干预,灌胃1个月后取材。称重法检测各组大鼠的体重,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试剂盒检测血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,BGP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,trACP)含量;双能X线吸收测量仪测量获得骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD);AG-IX生物力学万能实验机检测最大载荷和断裂载荷;HE染色法观察股骨的病理形态学变化。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠体重明显升高,血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶明显升高(P0.05);而模型组大鼠血清骨钙素明显降低,骨密度明显减少,最大载荷和断裂载荷明显减少(P0.05);模型组骨小梁结构不完整、丢失、断裂严重。与模型组相比,藤黄健骨胶囊组大鼠血清骨钙素的含量和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的活性得到纠正(P0.05),股骨的骨微观参数骨密度均得到了良好地修复,骨生物力学参数中最大载荷、断裂载荷得到了明显修复(P0.05),骨小梁排列规则,数目增多、增宽。结论藤黄健骨胶囊能够修复去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠股骨微观结构破坏和股骨生物力学性能的下降,提示藤黄健骨胶囊具有良好的抗骨质疏松作用。