内镜下切除技术对食管胃连接部胃肠间质瘤的治疗价值

目的评价以内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）为基础的内镜下切除术在食管胃连接部（EGJ）胃肠间质瘤（GIST）治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法收集复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心所有接受ESD治疗的患者资料．筛选出2007年11月至2011年6月间经病理证实的EGJ处GIST患者20例．总结并分析其临床病理及术后随访资料。结果20例EGJ处GIST均起源于固有肌层,其中男性11例,女性9例,年龄29～67（平均54．1）岁,病灶直径8-20（平均14．8）mm。所有病例均成功完成内镜切除手术．其中15例接受了内镜黏膜下挖除术．4例接受了无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术。1例接受了内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术。手术时间15-90（平均47．8）min,术中出血量5-200ml,病灶的完整切除率为100％。术中穿孔4例,气腹3例,气胸1例,贲门黏膜撕裂1例,均通过内镜下处理及保守治疗恢复。20例患者术后均接受了3-36（平均13-2）个月的随访,无局部复发和远处转移病例。结论在EGJ处GIST的治疗中,以ESD为基础的内镜下切除技术是一种安全和有效的治疗手段。     

内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗直肠固有肌层肿瘤

目的评价内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术（STER）治疗来源于固有肌层的直肠黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年3月间在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心行STER术治疗的8例来源于固有肌层的直肠黏膜下肿瘤的临床病理资料。结果8例STER手术均获成功,肿瘤均一次性完整切除,肿块距肛缘5～15cm,切除标本最大直径1．0～3．5（平均1．8）cm,手术耗时40～70（平均51）min。术中黏膜穿孔1例,予以金属夹夹闭修补成功。术后出现下肢皮下气肿1例,对症支持治疗2周后完全消退。术后病理诊断：神经鞘瘤3例,平滑肌瘤2例,胃肠间质瘤1例,增生胶原纤维伴结节变性2例。术后随访6～30月未见病变残留或复发。结论采用STER技术切除直肠固有肌层来源的SMT是一种安全、可行、有效的治疗方法。     

内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术在胃固有肌层肿瘤中的应用与评价

目的评价内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术（STER）治疗来源于固有肌层的胃黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2011年12月间在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心接受STER术的23例来源于固有肌层的胃SMT患者的临床病理资料。结果男性13例。女性10例,年龄28-73（平均52．4）岁。23例胃SMT中贲门近胃体侧11例,贲门近胃底侧4例,胃体小弯5例,胃窦大弯侧3例。来源于固有肌层浅层14例,深层9例,其中5例与浆膜层粘连,密不可分。23例STER手术均获成功,所有SMT均完整切除。切除病变直径1．5-3．2（平均2．1）cm：肿瘤切除至黏膜切口完整缝合时间30-125（平均54．8）min。术后病理诊断：平滑肌瘤10例,胃肠间质瘤8例,血管球瘤2例,神经鞘膜瘤2例,钙化性纤维性肿瘤1例;切缘均为阴性。发生气胸伴皮下气肿3例次,气腹5例次,左侧膈下积液伴继发感染1例次,均予保守治疗痊愈。术后无迟发性消化道出血、消化道瘘、黏膜下隧道内积血积液和感染病例。随访3-18个月,无一例病变残留或复发。结论STER治疗适宜部位的胃固有肌层SMT安全、有效。能够一次性完整切除病变,提供完整的病理学诊断资料,且可以迅速恢复消化道完整性,避免消化道瘘的发生。     

内镜下全层切除术治疗结直肠黏膜下肿瘤的价值

目的探讨内镜下全层切除术（EFTR）治疗结直肠黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2012年3月间复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心实施EPTR切除的4例结直肠SMT患者的临床资料。结果4例患者中男性1例,女性3例,年龄33。78岁;肿瘤位于上段直肠2例,升结肠1例．降结肠1例。4例EFTR手术均获成功并完整切除肿瘤．手术时间24-80（平均48．0）min,切除肿瘤最大径为0.8．2．0（平均1．45）cm。术后病理结果提示分别为神经鞘瘤、囊样积气症、子宫内膜异位症和黏膜肌层平滑肌轻度增生。术中及术后均未出现出血和穿孔,有2例患者术后出现腹痛、发热,其中1例出现局限性腹膜炎体征,均经禁食、静脉抗炎补液等保守治疗后好转,未行外科干预。术后随访1-30个月,未发现肿瘤残留或复发。结论EPTR治疗结直肠SMT安全、有效。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道黏膜下肿瘤

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗消化道黏膜下肿瘤(submucosal tumor,SMT)的疗效和安全性。方法对内镜发现的19例消化道SMT(食管6例,胃6例,十二指肠1例,乙状结肠1例,直肠5例)进行超声内镜检查(18例病变位于黏膜下层,1例位于固有肌层),应用头端弯曲的针形切开刀进行ESD治疗。黏膜下注射生理盐水抬高病变,使病变与肌层相分离,预切开病变周围黏膜,剥离病变下方黏膜下层结缔组织,完整切除病变。结果病变最大直径0.5～3.0cm(平均1.6cm)。18例成功完成ESD治疗,手术时间15～105min(平均45min)。2例ESD术中出现内镜难以控制的大出血,1例成功保守治疗(三腔管食管囊压迫),1例转开腹手术。无术后出血。ESD穿孔3例:2例术中消化道穿孔(十二指肠球部和胃底),应用金属夹缝合成功,未转开腹手术;1例直肠类癌剥离深至肌层,术后出现皮下气肿,保守治疗气肿减退。所有ESD剥离病变包膜完整,基底和切缘未见病变累及。结论ESD治疗消化道SMT安全、有效,可以完整切除消化道黏膜下层病变,提供完整的病理诊断资料。对于来源于固有肌层的SMT,应慎行ESD。     

治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤中改良内镜下黏膜结扎剥离术临床分析

目的探讨改良内镜下肿瘤结扎剥离术(ESD—L)运用于胃固有肌层肿瘤切除术临床分析。方法对44例胃固有肌层肿瘤患者均行ESD—L术切除胃部肿瘤,观察并分析术中和术后相关情况,术后均随访观察治疗效果。结果 44例患者病变部位均完整切除,7例出现穿孔,及时行全层切除并金属夹止血,术后无其他并发症出现。44例均获完整随访观察,未见复发及严重并发症发生。结论改良内镜下黏膜结扎剥离术运用于胃固有肌层肿瘤的切除可以达到完整切除病变部位,剥离病灶,减少术中出血和创面,从而降低因直视下全层切除导致的手术风险,改善治疗效果,提高生活质量。     

上消化道黏膜下肿瘤内镜全层切除术后并发症危险因素分析

目的分析上消化道黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)经过内镜全层切除术(EFTR)治疗后发生并发症的相关危险因素。方法本研究采用回顾性观察性研究方法。EFTR的适应证为:(1)起源于固有肌层的SMT, 呈部分腔外生长或浸润至固有肌层深部;(2)SMT直径<5 cm;(3)内镜黏膜下剥离术或内镜黏膜切除术中发现肿瘤瘤体与浆膜层紧密粘连、无法分离。纳入术前经过超声内镜或CT评估确认为起源于黏膜层以下的上消化道肿瘤并成功行EFTR的SMT患者。排除临床资料不完整者。根据上述标准回顾性分析2016年1月至2022年1月苏州大学附属第一医院消化科上消化道SMT行EFTR的154例患者的临床资料, 观察SMT患者行EFTR术后发生并发症情况, 包括迟发性穿孔、迟发性出血和术后感染(含电凝综合征), 并分析EFTR术后出现并发症的危险因素。结果 154例患者中, 33例(21.4%)发生并发症, 包括迟发性出血3例(1.9%), 迟发性穿孔2例(1.3%), 术后感染28例(18.2%)。1例出血为重度并发症(因并发症住院10 d以上)。单因素分析显示, 肿瘤长径>15 mm、手术时间>90 mi...     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗20例胃肠道间质瘤

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的疗效和安全性。方法对来源于肌层、内镜超声（EUS）诊断GIST的20例患者应用头端弯曲的针形切开刀进行ESD治疗：（1）黏膜下注射生理盐水；（2）预切开病变周围黏膜；（3）剥离黏膜下层组织显露肌层GIST，一次性完整切除病变。结果共计20例来源于肌层的GIST，其中12例位于胃底，1例位于胃窦，3例位于胃体，4例位于直肠。病变直径0．5—3．2（平均1．6）cm。19例（95．0％）患者的病变全部完整剥离，1例ESD剥离病变后创面仍有肿瘤残留，后行外科手术扩大切除治疗。ESD手术时间60－150（平均87．5）min。全组未出现ESD术后出血。3例（15．0％）ESD治疗中发生穿孔，应用金属夹成功闭合裂孔，均未中转开腹手术修补。术后随访期2—12个月，19例病变完整剥离者未见肿瘤复发。结论ESD治疗小的、来源于肌层的GIST安全、有效，病变可以被完整切除并提供完整的病理学诊断资料。     

内镜黏膜下挖除术治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤116例临床分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下挖除术（ESE）治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤的安全性及疗效。方法以2006年7月至2011年3月期间浙江省台州医院对起源于胃固有肌层的黏膜下肿瘤而行ESE治疗的116例患者为研究对象,分析术中、术后并发症及相应治疗情况,术后对上述病例进行胃镜随访。结果成功挖除肿瘤112例（96．6％）,手术时间（51．9±16.3）min。术中出血9例（7．8％）,术中穿孔20例（17．2％）。术后出血3例（2．6％）,需外科干预5例（4．3％）,其中术中4例,术后1例。术后未出现腹腔脓肿。腹膜炎等其他并发症;ESE术后平均住院6．1d;中位随访时间12个月,随访期内未发现肿瘤残留及复发。结论ESE治疗胃固有肌层肿瘤是安全可行的,近期疗效确切。     

消化道黏膜下肿瘤内镜微创切除新技术的开展及评价

消化道黏膜下肿瘤（submucosal tumor,SMT）泛指一类来源于黏膜以下的消化道病变。内镜和超声内镜检查均无法定性诊断．长期随访会造成患者的巨大负担。我国学者在内镜黏膜下剥离术发展的基础上,大胆尝试内镜切除消化道黏膜下肿瘤．既能得到正确的诊断,又能起到治疗的目的．本文就各种内镜下切除消化道SMT的指征、方法以及疗效等作出评价。     

Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for submucosal tumors of the esophagogastric junction originating from the muscularis propria layer: a feasibility study (with videos)

Background

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is a difficult location for endoscopic resection due to its narrow lumen and sharp angle. Potential increased risks of perforation and mediastinal infection exist, especially for submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria (MP) layer. We previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) for upper gastrointestinal SMTs, but the feasibility of STER for the removal of SMTs at the EGJ requires systematic investigation. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the clinical impact of STER on the removal of SMTs at the EGJ.

Methods

A prospective study was carried out which included a consecutive cohort of 57 patients who underwent STER for 57 SMTs of the EGJ originating from the MP layer between July 2010 and August 2012 in a single academic medical center. Adverse events, en bloc resection rate, and local recurrence were evaluated.

Results

The average maximum diameter of the lesions was 21.5 mm (range 6–35 mm). The en bloc resection rate was 100 % (57/57). No delayed hemorrhage or severe adverse events occurred in any of the 57 patients following STER. No local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred during 24 months’ follow-up. Less subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum absorption time (p = 0.005) occurred with CO₂ versus air insufflations.

Conclusions

Our study showed that STER was safe and effective, provided accurate histopathologic evaluation, and was curative for SMTs of the deep MP layers at the EGJ. CO₂ gas insufflation is recommended.     

Laparoscopic Transgastric Resection of Gastric Submucosal Tumors Located Near the Esophagogastric Junction

Background

Laparoscopic wedge resection is widely accepted as a choice of treatment for gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). But it cannot easily be applied to tumors located near the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) due to the high risk of causing deformity or stenosis in the gastric inlet. We evaluated our laparoscopic transgastric surgical technique for gastric SMTs located near the EGJ and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Twelve consecutive patients with gastric intraluminal SMTs located 3 cm or less from the EGJ underwent laparoscopic transgastric resection at our institution from June 2010 to November 2012. The clinicopathological results of these 12 cases were analyzed.

Results

Laparoscopic transgastric resection was successfully performed on all the patients. The mean operation time was 125?±?25 min (range, 85–160 min) and the mean blood loss was 53?±?32 mL (range, 10–120 mL). There was no death in our series. One patient experienced a postoperative complication of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding due to the errhysis along the staple line treated with an endoscopic hemostatic clip. The mean postoperative length of hospital stay was 5.1?±?1.2 days (range, 3–7 days). All patients received complete resection with a negative margin. Histopathologic diagnoses were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in seven cases, leiomyoma in four, and heterotopic pancreas in one. There was no tumor recurrence or evidence of stenosis of the EGJ during a mean follow-up of 15.3?±?9.6 months (range, 1–30 months).

Conclusions

Laparoscopic transgastric resection is simple, safe, and effective for gastric intraluminal SMTs located near the EGJ.     

窄带成像与碘染色在早期食管癌内镜黏膜下剥离术中的应用比较

目的比较窄带成像（NBI）与碘染色在早期食管癌内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2011年8月间接受ESD治疗的87例早期食管癌（包括高级别上皮内瘤变）患者的临床资料,其中术前经NBI法确定病变边界者37例（NBI组）,采用碘染色法确定病变边界者50例（碘染色组）。比较两组患者ESD术中食管痉挛程度、手术时间、完整切除率、并发症发生率以及术后复发等情况。结果两组患者病变部位、大小和周径的差异均无统计学意义。NBI组中重度食管痉挛者的比例为10．8％（4／37）,明显低于碘染色组的比例[32．0％（16／50）,P〈0．05];手术时间亦明显短于碘染色组[（42．2±19．5）min比（53．3±30．9）rain,P〈0．05]。NBI组术中穿孔1例,术后迟发性出血1例;碘染色组术中穿孔1例,均经内镜下处理及保守治疗治愈。术后随访4～20月,NBI组与碘染色组患者术后食管狭窄[8．1％（3／37）比8．0％（4／50）]和局部复发[5．4％（2／37）比4．0％（2／50）]发生率的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论与碘染色相比,早期食管癌ESD术前采用NBI确定病变边界,可在不影响疗效的基础上减轻食管痉挛并缩短手术时间。     

Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscope-Assisted Laparoscopic Wedge Resection for Gastric Submucosal Tumors Adjacent to Esophagogastric Junction

Background

Laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR) is used to treat gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, LWR can injure the cardia if tumors are near the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), resulting in gastric stenosis. This study’s purpose was to summarize our experience with endoscope-assisted LWR for gastric SMTs within 3 cm of the EGJ and to verify the procedure’s feasibility and safety.

Methods

Data from 91 consecutive patients with gastric SMTs within 3 cm of the EGJ who underwent endoscope-assisted LWR at our hospital from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. The clinicopathological results, perioperative data, and long-term follow-up data were analyzed.

Results

All patients successfully underwent endoscope-assisted LWR. The mean distance from tumor to EGJ was 2.43 ± 0.80 cm. Eighty-two patients underwent laparoscopic exogastric wedge resection (LEWR) and nine underwent laparoscopic transgastric wedge resection (LTWR). Mean operative time was 112.4 ± 48.8 min; mean blood loss was 36.8 ± 53.5 ml. Mean time to first flatus was 2.04 ± 0.68 days. Mean time to liquid intake was 2.53 ± 0.85 days. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.97 ± 1.80 days. Three patients (3.3%) had postoperative complications, all Clavien–Dindo grade I. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 3.00 ± 1.96 cm (range 0.5–10). LTWR was used more often than LEWR for SMTs in the posterior wall, those with intraluminal growth, and those closer to the EGJ. The mean follow-up time was 36.86 ± 29.73 months (range 3–126). There was no stenosis of EGJ or tumor recurrence. Sixteen patients (17.6%) complained of upper gastrointestinal symptoms during the follow-up, which were all relieved by usage of acid suppressive medications.

Conclusions

Endoscope-assisted LWR is safe, feasible, and effective for gastric SMTs near the EGJ. LTWR is preferable to LEWR for gastric SMTs in the posterior wall, those with intraluminal growth, and those closer to the EGJ.

     

Complete defect closure of gastric submucosal tumors with purse-string sutures

Background

Gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria layer are treated endoscopically. Successful closure of the wall defect is a critical step. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of the endoscopic purse-string suture (EPSS) method using an endoloop and several metallic clips after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) or perforation due to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods

From December 2009 to April 2013, 30 patients with SMTs originating from the muscularis propria layer who received EFTR or ESD were retrospectively analyzed. After successful tumor resection, an endoloop was anchored onto the circumferential margin of the gastric defect with several metallic clips and tightened gently. Patient characteristics, tumor size, en bloc resection, and postoperative complications were evaluated.

Results

For all 30 patients, EPSS was successfully performed after EFTR or perforation due to ESD. The mean diameter of the resected specimen was 1.9 cm. No severe complications occurred during or after the procedure. The lesions were healed 1 month after the procedure, as confirmed endoscopically.

Conclusion

The EPSS method using an endoloop and clips is an effective and safe technique for closing the gastric defect after EFTR or perforation due to ESD.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection and preoperative assessment with endoscopic ultrasonography for the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors

Background

Rectal carcinoid tumors 10 mm in diameter or smaller located within the submucosal layer can be cured by local excision including endoscopic treatment. But complete resection of these tumors with endoscopic polypectomy is difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors.

Methods

In this study, 22 rectal carcinoid tumors in 21 patients were evaluated with EUS and treated using ESD from January 2004 to December 2008.

Results

The mean size of the resected tumors was 6.1 mm (range, 2.0–10 mm) on histopathologic evaluations. When the sizes of the tumors shown by EUS and histopathologic evaluation were compared, the mean values were not significantly different. All the tumors were located within the submucosal layer, and the accuracy of the preoperative depth determination with EUS was 100% (22/22). The mean duration of the ESD procedure was 37 min (range, 20–71 min). The overall rate of en bloc resection with ESD was 100% (22/22). Although postoperative bleeding occurred in two cases (9%), both cases were successfully managed by endoscopic hemostasis. No perforation or recurrence was observed during the mean follow-up period of 30 months (range, 7–66 months).

Conclusions

Endoscopic submucosal dissection and preoperative assessment with EUS are effective for treating rectal carcinoid tumors and enabling en bloc resection.