Ⅱ期原位皮瓣尿道成型治疗阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂26例体会

目的 探讨Ⅱ期原位皮瓣尿道成型术治疗阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的临床疗效,提高先天性尿道下裂患者的手术治疗水平。方法 将2011年1月至2016年1月收治的26例阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者采取Ⅰ期阴茎伸直,包皮行阴茎腹侧皮瓣转移,6个月后行Ⅱ期原位皮瓣尿道成型术治疗尿道下裂。结果 26例患者中2例出现尿道狭窄,经规律尿道扩张后排尿症状改善;1例出现吻合口尿瘘,6个月后修补成功;所有病例均随访2~3年,排尿通畅,疗效满意。结论 原位皮瓣尿道成形,保证了成形尿道血供,降低了吻合口张力,具有损伤小,术后水肿轻,尿瘘、尿道狭窄发生率较低等优点,可有效提高手术疗效。     

阴茎阴囊皮瓣在尿道下裂治疗中的应用

目的:探讨阴茎阴囊皮肤尿道成形治疗尿道下裂的可行性。方法:尿道下裂23例,年龄3.5～19.0(平均6.8)岁。完全采用阴茎阴囊皮肤尿道成形治疗尿道下裂,随访6年进行回顾性分析。结果:23例患者一次手术成功21例(91.3%),2例术后出现尿瘘需再次手术治疗,1例出现尿道狭窄。结论:阴茎阴囊皮肤以其材料丰富,血供良好,手术成功率高而被认为是治疗尿道下裂尿道成形的首选材料。     

阴囊筋膜血管网蒂皮瓣重建尿道

目的探讨阴囊肉膜下筋膜血管网蒂皮瓣重建尿道的方法。方法1998年3月～2004年8月对先天性尿道畸形患者8例及尿道下裂术后并发多孔尿瘘、尿道狭窄和阴茎弯曲畸形23例，采用阴囊肉膜下筋膜血管网蒂皮瓣修复缺损的尿道。年龄6～34岁，平均20．3岁，皮瓣宽度：儿童为1．5～2．5cm，成人为2．5～3．5cm，长度可为宽度的1．5～2倍。其中尿道下裂阴茎型9例；阴茎阴囊型10例；阴囊型7例，其中3例为儿童伴阴囊分裂，尿道开口于阴囊分裂沟中；会阴型5例，为男性假两性畸形。结果术后皮瓣均成活，切口愈合良好，Ⅰ期愈合24例，Ⅱ期愈合7例。仅1例拔除支架管后发生尿瘘，嘱患者排尿时按压瘘口，2周后闭合。27例获随访1～4年，2例术后1年阴茎稍下弯，其余患者阴茎形态及功能良好。结论应用阴囊肉膜下筋膜血管网蒂皮瓣重建缺损的尿道疗效满意，是一种修复尿道下裂术后并发症较理想的方法。     

尿道下裂术后尿道瘘的手术治疗

目的:探讨先天性尿道下裂术后阴茎部尿道瘘的发生原固和防治方法.方法:采用痿口周围皮瓣行Y-V成形法修补尿道瘘.结果:本组40例,手术一次成功31例,二次手术成功7例,超过3次手术2例,均为复杂性尿瘘.结论:尿道瘘口周围皮瓣Y-V成形法修补尿道瘘,成功率高,操作简便,值得临床推广.     

成人阴茎段尿道缺损的修复

目的 总结成人阴茎段尿道缺损的于术修复方法及阴囊中缝区皮瓣的临床应用。方法 2000年1月～2005年11月，对不同原因的阴茎段尿道缺损患者26例，年龄18～40岁。应用局部阴茎皮瓣再造缺损尿道，其中先天性阴茎型尿道下裂16例；外伤性阴茎中段尿道缺损6例。远段尿道缺损4例。外伤1～4年，曾行尿道造瘘术，反复尿道外口开大。应用以阴囊前、后动脉为蒂的阴囊中隔岛状皮瓣进行刚茎腹侧再造尿道表面创面的覆盖，皮瓣范围在阴囊中缝区宽2．5cm，长5．5cm内。结果 术后除4例患者并发感染而漏尿，术后2～4周内自行愈合外，其余患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后随访7个月～4年，阴茎无弯曲，排尿无异常。结论 应用阴茎局部皮瓣再造尿道及阴囊中缝区带蒂岛状皮瓣覆盖创面，是修复青春期后阴茎段尿道缺损一种良好的方法，下术操作简便，皮瓣血运可靠，修复后阴茎外形及功能均良好。     

肉膜瓣覆盖在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术中的应用

目的:探讨肉膜覆盖在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术(TIP)中预防尿瘘的应用。方法:140例尿道下裂患者均行TIP术式修复,其中85例远端型尿道下裂采用纵行腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣覆盖新尿道;55例近端形尿道下裂采用阴囊前动脉带蒂肉膜瓣覆盖新尿道。结果:12例患者出现尿道皮肤瘘,其中远端型尿道下裂患者7例;近端型尿道下裂5例。结论:远端型选择腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣覆盖,近端型选择阴囊前动脉带蒂肉膜瓣覆盖,较少出现尿瘘的并发症,是TIP术中较理想的覆盖方式。     

应用显微外科技术治疗重型尿道下裂

目的 讨论应用显微外科技术进行原位皮瓣法Ⅱ期尿道成形术治疗阴囊型、会阴型尿道下裂的疗效.方法 对16例重型尿道下裂包括阴囊型9例和会阴型7例Ⅰ期行阴茎下曲矫正,半年以后应用显微外科技术施行Ⅱ期原位皮瓣法尿道成形术,取皮瓣宽度至少1.5cm,冠状沟处保留皮桥,皮瓣远端游离经皮桥下隧道拉至龟头正中尿道开口处.所有患儿均有中重度阴茎下曲,7例合并前列腺囊.9例患儿有不同程度的阴茎、阴囊倒位,Ⅰ期手术时同时行阴茎阴囊倒位矫正4例.结果 术后阴茎外观和伸直满意,术后尿道狭窄没有发生,不需尿道扩张;2例出现尿瘘,1例术后1个月后自愈,1例半年后经一次修补后治愈.4例同期行阴茎阴囊倒位矫正患儿阴茎皮肤无缺血,外观满意.结论 对阴囊、会阴型等合并重度阴茎下曲的重型尿道下裂患儿,原位皮瓣法Ⅱ期尿道成形术是一个值得推广的好方法.如合并阴茎阴囊倒位,可以考虑Ⅰ期手术时同时行阴茎阴囊倒位矫正术.应用显微外科技术治疗重型尿道下裂可以提高手术的成功率.     

会阴型尿道下裂的矫形和尿道重建

目的 探讨采用分期手术治疗会阴型尿道下裂,行阴茎、阴囊矫形、重建缺损尿道的临床效果.方法 22例会阴型尿道下裂采用分期手术：一期手术将阴茎海绵体完全伸直,阴茎包皮内板和背侧皮肤预置于阴茎腹侧和阴囊裂缝凹陷处;二期手术重建阴茎尿道采用半环状阴茎皮岛＋半环状膀胱黏膜丛行侧面缝合形成阴茎尿道,阴囊尿道采用一期预置的组织丛行卷曲侧侧缝合重建阴囊尿道,在两尿道的接合点端端吻合,同时施行阴囊矫形.结果 22例会阴型尿道下裂矫形后几乎接近正常状态,重建阴茎尿道长度为4～9 cm,平均7 cm.手术的成功率为68%（15/22）,尿瘘发生率为32%（7/22）,5例（5/22）发生阴茎阴囊尿道交界处狭窄,经尿道扩张治疗后痊愈.结论 会阴型尿道下裂行分期手术治疗可以修复超过10 cm长的缺损尿道,而且完成手术以后外形形态较好.     

显微外科复尿道下裂术后尿道皮肤瘘

目的 探讨应用显微外科技术修复尿道下裂成形术后尿道皮肤瘘的治疗效果。方法 按三种方式显微外科修复阴茎部尿道皮肤瘘３７例４９个瘘口,瘘口间断内翻缝合２３例,横向旋转的复盖１０例和带蒂阴囊皮瓣转移４例。结果 显微外科修复一次手术成功率达８９．８％（４４／４９）。３例得期僵。１例再次手术治愈。结论显微修复组织损伤小,一次手术率和累积成功率高,明显优于统属一宏观下瘘口修补。     

阴囊纵隔折叠皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂15例报告

2001年至2005年,我们对阴囊纵隔皮瓣尿道成形术进行改良,治疗尿道下裂15例,疗效较好,现报告如下。对象与方法本组15例。年龄3～20岁,平均8.6岁。临床分型:阴茎近端型5例、阴茎阴囊型10例。患者阴囊皮肤发育均较好。手术方法:术前清洁灌肠。耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘。阴茎头部缝牵引线,置     

尿道下裂手术方式的选择

目的探讨尿道下裂手术的术式选择与适应证. 方法回顾分析1997～2003年我院91例尿道下裂修复手术的临床资料. 结果尿道成形术后尿瘘15例,尿瘘发生率16.5%(15/91),其中Duckett法6例,Duckett法联合Duplay法4例,尿道口基底血管皮瓣法(Mathieu法)1例,加盖岛状皮瓣法(Onlay法)2例,皮条埋藏法(Denis-Browne法)1例,尿道板纵切卷管法(Snod-grass法)1例. 结论伴有明显阴茎下弯的尿道下裂无法保留尿道板,可采用阴囊中隔岛状皮瓣法、Duckett法、Duckett法联合Duplay法;保留尿道板的手术适用于轻度或无阴茎下弯的尿道下裂,包括Mathieu法、 Onlay法、Snod-grass法及Denis-Browne法.     

应用显微外科技术修复小儿尿道下裂

目的探讨提高尿道下裂治愈率的有效措施。方法利用显微外科技术对本组64例尿道下裂患儿进行一期尿道修复。年龄7个月-14岁，平均5．6岁。阴茎头及冠状沟型16例，阴茎体型36例，阴囊会阴型12例。伴阴茎阴囊转位3例，隐睾4例6侧，鞘膜积液2例，斜疝2例。先期外院矫正下弯但未成形尿道1例，Duckett手术失败2例。据病情不同，分别选用不同的手术方法：阴茎头型用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法（MAGPI术式）；冠状沟型或距冠状沟较近的阴茎体型用尿道口基底血管皮瓣法（Mathieu术式）；尿道口在阴茎体2／3以外段伴有阴茎轻度下弯或无下弯者用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法（Snodgrass术式或Onlay术式）；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型选横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形（Duckett术式或Hodgson术式）；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道（Duplay联合Duckett术式）。对20例再次手术者或包皮材料不理想、重度尿道下裂者手术结束前行膀胱穿刺造瘘。结果手术治愈57例，治愈率89．1％（57／64）。手术时间90-180min，平均120min。术中出血量〈15ml。并发尿道瘘3例，尿道狭窄4例，无尿道憩室发生。54例获得随访2-36个月，平均19个月，均符合尿道下裂治愈标准。结论应用显微外科技术，合理选用手术方法，重视术中技巧，能明显提高手术成功率，而且手术年龄可提早到婴幼儿。     

保留尿道板一期尿道成形治疗尿道下裂

目的：探讨尿道板在尿道成形术中的应用价值。方法：对31例尿道下裂患儿施行保留尿道板一期尿道成形术。术式主要有Mathieu术(14例)、Onlay island flap术(7例)和Snodgrass术(10例)。31例均为阴茎体型尿道下裂。表现为阴茎轻度下弯，其中7例为第一次尿道成形术失败者。结果：总成功率为90．3％。术后2例出现尿漏，1例出现尿道狭窄。全部病例随访3～12个月，阴茎外观均接近正常，无下弯。尿道开口于阴茎头部，排尿通畅。结论：保留尿道板成形手术操作相对简单，易掌握，成功率高，适用于阴茎体型及阴茎下弯较轻的尿道下裂患者，对于尿道成形失败者也是一种非常有效的治疗方法。     

CONGENITAL ANTERIOR URETHROCUTANEOUS FISTULA

PURPOSE: Congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula is a rare anomaly that may present in an isolated fashion or in association with other penile abnormalities, such as chordee or hypospadias. There have been 18 cases of congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula reported in the literature. We present 14 additional cases of congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 14 patients with congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula, of whom 9 were uncircumcised at presentation. Two patients had evidence of chordee and 4 had distal hypospadias. RESULTS: The type of repair was determined by the anatomical variations of this anomaly. All cases were corrected electively by various techniques based on the degree of the defect, including primary closure via a Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty, pedicle flap urethroplasty, hinged flap urethroplasty and interpositioned island pedicle tube or onlay urethroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge the embryological events that cause anterior urethrocutaneous fistula are unclear but they likely result from a defective urethral plate or an abnormality of the infolding of the urethral groove. Surgical technique must be individualized to fit the defect. While there has been considerable skepticism regarding the existence of congenital urethrocutaneous fistula, the fact that 9 of our 14 patients were uncircumcised confirms the congenital nature of this lesion.     

A ventral rotational skin flap to improve cosmesis and avoid chordee recurrence in epispadias repair

OBJECTIVE: To describe a technical modification that facilitates dorsal skin closure, improves cosmesis and eliminates chordee recurrence secondary to contracture of the dorsal penile skin in the repair of epispadias. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with penopubic epispadias (mean age 1.8 years) had the epispadias repaired using a modified ventral penile skin flap. Four patients had isolated epispadias and seven had had a previous primary closure of bladder exstrophy. Nine patients underwent the Cantwell-Ransley technique, leaving the meatus in a glanular position. Two patients were repaired using the penile disassembly technique of Mitchell and B?gli, because they had a short urethral plate. A ventral island skin flap was fashioned, starting at the base of the penis. Dissection was carried ventrally into the scrotum to allow for adequate dorsal flap transposition. The flap was rotated laterally to shift the suture line from the midline and to cover the dorsal aspect of the penis with untouched penile shaft skin. Redundant ventral foreskin was discarded. RESULTS: All patients had an uneventful course after surgery. Dorsal penile skin was viable in every case and no patient developed recurrence of chordee or a urethrocutaneous fistula. The cosmetic result was excellent in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal skin closure using lateral rotation of ventral penile skin flap improves cosmesis after epispadias repair and eliminates the recurrence of chordee secondary to midline dorsal scarring.     

尿道下裂手术方法选择

目的 探讨不同类型尿道下裂手术方法的疗效。方法 总结分析手术治疗1435例首诊尿道下裂病例资料。结果 一次手术成功例数：合并阴茎下弯者，采用Duckett带蒂岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术506／748例（67．6％），Denis Browne皮条埋藏法224／332例（67．5％），阴囊中间皮肤岛状皮瓣法36／37例（97．3％），游离移植物法21／42例（50％）；无合并阴茎下弯者采用MAGPI术式92／95例（96．8％），Mathieu法146／165例（88．5％），King法6／7例（85．7％），Onlay加盖岛状皮瓣法6／9例（66．7％）。结论 尿道下裂的修复应根据有无合并阴茎下弯及病人的具体条件选择手术方法。     

Congenital urethrocutaneous fistula

BACKGROUND: A 3-year-old boy visited our hospital for aberrance of urination. He had a fistula on his ventral penile shaft. Our diagnosis was congenital urethrocutaneous fistula. METHODS/RESULTS: We performed one-stage repair transverse preputial onlay island flap urethroplasty. Postoperatively, the patient was voiding comfortably with no recurrence of fistula. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital urethrocutaneous fistula is rare. Eighteen cases of congenital urethrocutaneous fistula have been reported previously. We consider the etiology of congenital urethrocutaneous fistula as a deficiency of the urethral plate and fusion of urethral folds.     

SURGICAL REPAIR OF URETHRAL CIRCUMCISION INJURIES

Purpose

The 2 types of urethral injury that can occur during circumcision are urethrocutaneous fistula and urethral distortion secondary to partial glans amputation. We report the surgical repair of these rare injuries.

Materials and Methods

In 8 patients urethrocutaneous fistulas located on the distal penile shaft or at the coronal margin were managed by splitting the glans and using a Mathieu style skin flap in 4 or vascularized penile skin flap in 4 to bridge the urethral defect. Three patients underwent repair of a hypospadiac deviated urethra secondary to partial glans amputation by 1 cm. of urethral mobilization and repositioning the meatus into a terminal position within the remaining glans tissue.

Results

The 8 patients with urethrocutaneous fistulas voided via a terminal meatus without fistula recurrence at a mean followup of 3.2 years (range 1 to 6). The 3 patients with partial glans amputation and urethral deviation repaired by short urethral advancement had functionally acceptable results, defined as a normal urinary stream, although 1 required meatal dilation postoperatively.

Conclusions

The 2 types of urethral injuries that can occur during circumcision are a subcoronal urethrocutaneous fistula and scarred abnormal urethra from partial glans amputation. The urethrocutaneous fistula can be successfully repaired by splitting the glans and forming a neourethra from a vascularized pedicle flap of penile skin. The abnormal urethra after partial glans amputation is more difficult to repair but repositioning the urethra in a more cosmetic location has restored function.