Corail高偏心距股骨柄假体在单侧初次全髋关节置换中的应用

目的:探讨高偏心距股骨柄假体在初次全髋关节置换中的应用。方法：2015年1月至2017年6月使用Corail高偏心距股骨柄假体（KHO型）行初次人工全髋关节置换的51例单侧髋关节病变者进行回顾性研究,女20例,男31例;年龄21~71（50.8±13.3）岁。分别在术后髋关节正位X线片上测量外展力臂、股骨偏心距、髋臼偏心距、下肢长短差异。记录患者手术前后的Harris评分及相关并发症,并分析假体的稳定性。结果：患侧股骨偏心距、联合偏心距、外展力臂均明显大于健侧（P<0.05）。患侧髋臼偏心距与健侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。17髋（33.3%）的股骨偏心距得到了正常重建,其中15例（88.2%）双下肢等长。34髋（66.7%）股骨偏心距大于健侧,34例（100%）双下肢等长。51例患者获随访,时间（42.3±7.3）个月,Harris评分由术前的（38.0±7.6）分提高至末次随访时的（92.1±3.1）（P<0.001）。结论：高偏心距Corail假体在在单侧初次全髋关节置换中虽未能正常重建股骨偏心距,但并不影响下肢长短的重建和假体的稳定性。     

组配式假体在Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨应用组配式假体行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）治疗CroweⅠ、Ⅱ型发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip, DDH）的短期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年10月至2017年10月,中国人民解放军总医院骨关节科收治的40例单侧Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型DDH病人的临床资料,其中男5例,女35例;年龄为（36.90±10.30）岁（19~51岁）,股骨选用组配式假体,全部纳入组配式假体组。另选择既往40例术前设计采用普通锥形假体的单侧Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型DDH病人作为对照组。比较两组病人的基本信息,术中及术后并发症发生情况,术前及术后6个月髋关节Harris功能评分,术后双下肢长度及偏心距差异等指标。结果 组配式假体组与对照组病人的术中股骨假体周围骨折发生率（5.0%比10.8%）、术后脱位率（2.5%比8.1%）、偏心距差异发生率（20.0%比37.8%）比较,差异均无统计学意义（χ²=0.276,P=0.600;χ²=0.353,P=0.553;χ²=2.997,P=0.083）。术后,组配式假体组的髋关节Harris功能评分较对照组高[（89.45±9.22）分比（84.69±8.77）分;t=2.077,P=0.041],双下肢不等长发生率低（17.5%比43.2%;χ²=6.081,P=0.014）。结论 在Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型DDH中,组配式假体比普通假体更易获得双下肢等长及更佳的关节功能。     

机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换的短期疗效分析

目的　探讨机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）的短期疗效。方法　回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年3月于我科采用MAKO机器人系统辅助植入臼杯行THA手术治疗的79例（100髋）病人的临床资料,纳入机器人辅助组,并选择同一手术医师施行的80例（100髋）徒手THA病人纳入对照组,均采用标准髋关节后外侧入路。收集比较两组病人的围手术期相关信息,如手术时间、住院时间、髋臼杯位置、术后下肢长度差异（limb length discrepancy, LLD）、围手术期并发症及髋关节Harris评分（hip Harris score, HHS）。结果　病人术后均得到3个月以上随访,两组均未发生髋关节脱位、无菌性松动、假体周围感染或翻修。机器人辅助组的手术时间为（95.92±15.64） min,明显长于对照组的（83.12±18.22） min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=3.309,P=0.001）。两组的术后HHS均较术前显著改善,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的前倾角、外展角、LLD和偏心距差异分别为19.05°±5.03°、41.14°±3.66°、（2.87±3.75） mm、（3.34±1.79） mm,对照组分别为16.91°±5.48°、40.35°±6.57°、（4.23±3.12） mm、（3.98±2.04） mm;两组的前倾角和LLD比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但两组间的外展角和偏心距差异比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的手术假体位于Lewinnek安全区内的比例更高（91% vs. 82%）,但两组间比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.468,P=0.063）。结论　机器人辅助THA能够优化髋臼杯假体植入的精确性,不增加手术的并发症,但其远期效果仍需进一步研究证实。     

不同偏心距Corail股骨假体在全髋关节置换中的临床疗效研究

目的: 分析单侧初次全髋关节置换使用Corail颈干角135°不同偏心距股骨假体的术后影像学参数,对比双侧测量结果,分析术后股骨偏心距的重建及髋关节功能恢复,探讨Corail标准柄KS型与高偏心距柄KHO型股骨假体在初次全髋关节置换中的早期临床疗效。方法: 回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年6月使用强生Corail股骨柄假体行初次人工全髋关节置换186例单侧髋关节病变患者,根据术中使用不同偏心距股骨假体将患者分为高偏心距组和标准偏心距组。高偏心距组为Corail高偏心距假体KHO型52例,女20例,男32例;年龄21~71(50.6±13.2)岁;体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)(26.0±4.1) kg/m²。标准偏心距组为Corail标准股骨柄假体KS型134例,女57例,男77例;年龄18~77(47.3±14.0)岁;BMI(25.3±3.5) kg/m²。在术后髋关节正位X线片上测量外展力臂、股骨偏心距、髋臼偏心距、下肢长短差异,记录患者手术前后的Harris评分及相关并发症,分析假体的稳定性。结果: 高偏心距组患侧与健侧股骨偏心距、联合偏心距、外展力臂差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。标准偏心距组患侧与健侧股骨偏心距、髋臼偏心距差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者联合偏心距、外展力臂、下肢长短差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高偏心距组患侧髋关节外展力臂与股骨偏心距、髋臼偏心距和联合偏心距呈正相关性(r=0.633,P<0.001;r=0.384,P=0.005;r=0.690,P<0.001),健侧也得到了同样的结果(r=0.688,P<0.001;r=0.574,P<0.001;r=0.765,P<0.001)。标准偏心距组患侧髋关节外展力臂与股骨偏心距、髋臼偏心距和联合偏心距呈正相关性(r=0.734,P<0.001;r=0.418,P<0.001;r=0.749,P<0.001),健侧也得到了同样的结果(r=0.775,P<0.001;r=0.397,P<0.001;r=0.773,P<0.001)。高偏心距组双下肢长短差异与双侧联合偏心距的差异、双侧外展力臂的差异均有明显相关性(r=0.376,P=0.006;r=-0.346,P=0.012)。标准偏心距组双下肢长短差异与双侧联合偏心距的差异、双侧外展力臂的差异均无明显相关性(r=-0.009,P=0.919;r=-0.036,P=0.682)。两组患者术后末次随访Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,两组患者Trendelenburg阴性,假体均稳定。结论: Corail标准柄与高偏心距柄在单侧初次全髋关节置换中均可较好重建股骨偏心距,能很好重建髋关节的解剖结构和生物力学,维持双下肢长度及髋关节稳定性。虽有病例未能正常重建股骨偏心距,但并不影假体的稳定性和术后功能。     

髋臼原位重建及高髋关节中心技术治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型发育性髋关节发育不良的对比研究

目的 比较全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）中行髋臼原位重建及高髋关节中心技术治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip, DDH）的临床疗效。方法 对2012年8月至2015年12月于我科行THA治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型DDH合并髋关节骨性关节炎（Tonnis Ⅲ期）的37例病例进行回顾性分析,根据髋臼重建方式分组：其中髋臼原位重建组17例,高髋关节中心重建组20例。比较两组病人的手术时间、手术出血量、Harris评分、影像学假体松动率。结果 37例病人平均随访41个月（25~63个月）。髋臼原位重建组的手术时间和手术出血量分别为（119±16） min、（413±36） ml,高髋关节中心重建组的手术时间和手术出血量分别为（92±21） min、（389±44） ml,两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=29.561,P=0.021;t=0.682,P=0.231）。两组术后的Harris评分均较术前显著提高,但两组间术前及末次随访的Harris评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。髋臼原位重建组中有2例少量植骨吸收,两组随访未见影像学假体松动。结论 高髋关节中心技术的手术时间较髋臼原位重建更短,两种技术治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型DDH的中期临床疗效较好,均可显著恢复病人的髋关节功能。     

全髋关节置换术中股骨横向偏心距重建策略的研究进展

作为全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的一重项要指标,偏心距的重建及重建程度对疾病预后、患者生活质量的提高起着至关重要的作用。股骨偏心距的重建与股骨距长度保留、假体头颈长度、颈干角大小、下肢是否等长密切相关。重建策略包括术前细致规范的模板测量,股骨距预测及长度保留,术中选用近似解剖颈干角的假体,假体头颈的长度调整等。本文就偏心距的重建策略思想及偏心距对髋关节功能、假体磨损、术后疼痛、跛行、双下肢不等长等并发症的影响及相关研究进展做一综述。     

股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术中下肢长度测量方法的比较

目的：比较3种股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术中双下肢长度测量方法的准确性，并介绍1种股骨"肩对肩"解剖定位标记法。方法：自2017年1月至2019年1月，采用髋关节置换治疗90例股骨颈骨折的老年患者，男39例，女51例；年龄65~96（78.0±7.4）岁；全髋56例，半髋34例；骨折按Garden分型：Ⅱ型7例，Ⅲ型63例，Ⅳ型20例。术中根据不同下肢测量方法分3组：健侧对比法（A组）19例，Shuck试验法（B组）28例，"肩对肩"解剖标记定位法（C组）43例。术后通过体外和影像学测量双下肢的长度差，比较3种方法的准确性。结果：所有患者顺利完成手术。全髋关节置换术后双下肢不等长测量结果：A组（12.9±8.6）mm，B组（10.3 ±4.4）mm，C组（6.8±2.5）mm；半髋关节置换术后双下肢不等长测量：A组（13.2±7.2）mm，B组（8.7±3.5）mm，C组（6.3±2.8）mm；所有关节置换术后双下肢不等长测量结果：A组（12.9±8.1）mm，B组（9.6±4.0）mm，C组（6.6±2.6）mm。经析因方差分析，结果显示3组间差异有统计学意义（F=9.763，P<0.01），两两比较显示A组、B组术后双下肢不等长均高于C组（P均<0.05）。全髋、半髋关节置换两种手术方式间术后双下肢不等长的差异无统计学意义（F=0.270，P=0.605）。3种不同术中测量方法术后双下肢不等长分别是C组 < B组 < A组，C组的准确性最高。。结论：股骨"肩对肩"的解剖定位标记法在老年人股骨颈骨折髋关节置换中，可以简单、有效、准确的减少术后双下肢不等长。     

全髋关节置换术127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体的比较

目的：探讨127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的疗效。方法：2014年1月至2016年6月行THA患者84例,男44例,女40例;年龄45~72（53.4±8.1）岁,股骨头坏死68例（左侧32例,右侧36例）,其他原因导致严重髋关节骨性关节炎16例,病程9~36（24.0±5.5）个月。分别采用小颈干角（127°）和大颈干角（135°）假体,每组42例,术后两组患者进行髋关节Harris评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,双下肢长度测量,不同颈干角生物力学评估,比较术后并发症发生情况以及患者术后24个月生活质量。结果：两组患者各有2例患者失访,其余患者均获得随访,随访时间30~36（33.0±1.6）个月。术前及术后1、6、12、24个月进行Harris评分及双下肢长度测量,两组患者髋关节Harris评分及双下肢长度差与术前比较均得到明显改善（P<0.05）,而组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后1、6、12、24个月VAS评分均低于术前（P<0.05）;两组VAS评分术前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但术后大颈干角组VAS评分明显低于小颈干角组（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症（包括假体松动、脱位）的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后24个月生活质量较术前生活质量明显提高（P<0.05）,且组间比较发现135°大颈干角组生活质量较127°小颈干角组生活质量更高（P<0.05）。。结论：大、小颈干角假体的THA均能较好地恢复患者髋关节的功能,但是大颈干角更能降低术后疼痛程度,进而提高患者术后的生活质量。     

两种全髋关节置换术治疗成人单侧Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的：比较非截骨和转子下截骨两种人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的临床疗效。方法：应用THA治疗35例单侧CroweⅣ型DDH患者,其中15例术中采用非截骨,20例采用股骨转子下截骨。两组患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数、侧别差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,记录并比较两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术前及术后双下肢长度差、髋关节Harris评分。结果：35例患者获得随访,时间12～48个月,随访期间无髋关节感染、假体松动发生。非截骨组术后1例出现坐骨神经牵拉损伤、1例股神经皮神经分支损伤,3个月后均自行恢复。转子下截骨组术后1例出现髋关节脱位,给予闭合复位后无再次脱位发生,3例股骨近端劈裂骨折,给予钢丝固定治疗。两组手术时间、出血量与住院时间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。末次随访时两组Harris评分均较术前提高（P<0.05）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后双下肢长度差比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：非截骨THA治疗单侧CroweⅣ型DDH手术效果满意,该方法相对于股骨转子下截骨更简单。对于髋部软组织条件良好、患肢短缩>4 cm的CroweⅣ型DDH患者,可考虑采用非截骨全髋关节置换术。     

全髋关节置换术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型构建和评估

目的:构建评估行全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)患者术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型。方法:选取2013年4月至2019年2月行THA患者538例为研究对象,男318例,女220例,年龄40~60(50.79±6.37)岁。根据对所有行THA患者跟踪随访3年的结果,将其分为无骨折组506例和骨折组32例。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的影响因素;构建行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型,评估该预测模型的有效性、区分度。结果:骨折组行THA患者中存在骨质疏松状态、有外伤史、有髋关节翻修占比高于无骨折组(P<0.05),骨水泥型假体占比低于无骨折组(P<0.05)。骨质疏松状态[OR=4.177,95%CI(1.815,9.617),P<0.05],外伤史[OR=7.481,95%CI(3.104,18.031),P<0.05],髋关节翻修[OR=11.371,95%CI(3.220,40.153),P<0.05]是影响行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的独立危险因素,骨水泥型假体[OR=0.067,95%CI(0.019,0.236),P<0.05]是影响行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的独立保护因素。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示, χ²=7.864,P=0.325。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线评估行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.892,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为77.7%。结论:本研究构建的行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型区分度较好,有益于临床预测行THA患者假体周围是否发生骨折,为进行个体化预防骨折提供便利。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Prolongation of lung xenograft survival in rats with a short course of deoxyspergualin and cyclosporin A

The efficacy of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), cyclosporin A (CyA), and splenectomy-alone or in combination-in prologing the survival of concordant lung xenotransplants was studied in the hamster-to-rat model. In the untreated group, rejection occurred within 3 days, with an elevation of lymphocytotoxic antibody titers. The rejected lung revealed that ED1+cells were more prevalent than MRC OX8+cells in the perivascular infiltrates. In the DSG group, the antibody response was suppressed and median survival increased to 7.5 days. The rejected lungs demonstrated a highly significant depression in ED1+cellular infiltration and a moderate MRC OX8+cellular infiltration. When maintenance CyA was combined with a short course of DSG, survival dramatically increased to beyond 100 days. There were no deposits of IgM, IgG, or C3 or of any cell infiltrate in the grafts of two animals sacrificed 107 and 119 days post-transplantation. We conclude that initial treatment with DSG combined with continuous CyA can suppress acute rejection in the hamster-to-rat lung xenograft model, resulting in longterm graft survival.     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.