喉癌颈淋巴清扫术后患者早期肩功能状况及其对生存质量的影响

目的调查喉癌颈淋巴清扫术后患者早期(2周内)肩功能及生存质量现况,并探讨肩功能对生存质量的影响。方法对76例喉癌行颈淋巴清扫术患者,于术后2周内采用Constant-Murley肩功能评分量表进行主观和客观肩功能评价,采用FACT-HN进行生存质量评价。结果术后2周内,患者肩功能得分为56.13±17.72,生存质量得分为114.78±14.90。肩功能可预测患者生存质量,大学及以上学历、双侧颈清扫、疼痛及肩关节活动度可解释生存质量总变异的45.0%。结论喉癌颈清扫术后早期患者肩功能明显下降,并对其生存质量造成负面影响。术后早期开展肩功能康复锻炼,可提高患者生存质量。     

King达标理论应用于喉癌术后患者早期颈肩功能康复训练

目的探讨King达标理论对喉癌颈淋巴清扫术后患者肩颈康复训练的效果。方法将80例喉癌颈淋巴清扫术患者按照入院时间顺序分成干预组和对照组各40例,对照组实施喉癌术后常规护理;干预组在此基础上基于King达标理论制定康复训练计划,实施早期颈肩功能康复训练。结果干预组患者术后功能训练依从性和肩颈功能恢复情况显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 King达标理论用于早期颈肩功能康复训练,能有效促进患者术后颈肩功能恢复,提高其生活质量。     

头颈癌颈淋巴结清扫术后肩功能康复现状与展望

分析和归纳国内外有关头颈癌颈淋巴结清扫术后患者肩功能康复的研究报道,认为颈淋巴结清扫术对头颈癌患者肩功能及生存质量造成负面影响显著而持久,康复训练有助于改善术后肩功能,提高生存质量。将来的努力方向是综合医疗、护理、康复三方的力量合作,谨慎地开展高质量的实验性研究,探索早期预防性肩功能康复锻炼的可行性及有效性。     

分阶段康复锻炼对创伤性肩袖损伤术后患者肩关节功能恢复的影响

目的探究分阶段康复锻练对关节镜手术的创伤性肩袖损伤术后患者肩关节功能恢复的影响。方法将83例创伤性肩袖损伤患者以随机数字表法分为观察组(41例)和对照组(42例)。对照组术后按常规进行康复锻炼,观察组则在对照组基础上实施分阶段康复训练。于干预前、干预8周及干预16周测评Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分。结果两组术后肩关节功能评分比较,干预效应及时间效应差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论对关节镜手术的创伤性肩袖损伤术后患者进行分阶段康复锻练,有助于促进患者肩关节功能恢复,且能减轻患者的躯体痛感。     

公共保健操对颈肩综合征针刀术后患者康复效果的影响

目的探讨公共保健操(公健操)对颈肩综合征针刀术后患者康复效果的影响。方法将门诊颈肩综合征针刀手术患者120例随机分为干预组和对照组各60例。对照组术后给予常规护理,在此基础上干预组教会患者公健操锻炼方法,发放光碟及书面资料,督促患者坚持锻炼,每日2次,每次15min。于术前及术后1个月采用日本矫形外科学会评分量表(JOA)以及视觉疼痛量表(VAS),对两组患者术后康复效果进行评估。结果两组VAS、JOA评分比较,干预主效应均P<0.01。结论坚持公健操锻炼能提高颈肩综合征针刀术后患者的康复效果。     

关节镜松解术结合手法治疗肩凝症的病例对照研究

目的：比较关节镜松解术后采用常规康复方法及结合应用手法治疗难治性肩凝症的疗效,评价手法治疗的应用价值.方法：自2007年3月至2010年7月,对符合肩凝症诊断标准、接受关节镜下粘连松解术的48例48肩（左肩23例,右肩25例）,分为手法治疗组和常规康复治疗组.常规康复治疗组26例,男11例,女15例;手法治疗组22例,男9例,女13例.手法治疗组除术后常规康复外接受手法推拿干预,手法治疗原则初期为活血止痛,后期为松解粘连、滑利关节,推拿治疗时间每次20 min,每日2次,共治疗10d.对所有患者进行随访,记录术前、术后各随访点的ASES评分及肩关节活动范围.结果：48例均获随访,时间4～25个月,平均（12.54±5.78）个月.术后1个月时,手法治疗组ASES评分和肩关节前屈活动度优于常规康复治疗组,末次随访时两组的各项随访指标差异均无统计学意义.结论：关节镜松解术结合术后手法治疗,有助于加快肩凝症患者的早期康复进程,帮助其尽早重返社会,但其远期关节功能与术后常规康复治疗相比无明显差异.     

一期手法松解关节镜下肩袖修补术治疗肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩的临床疗效

目的探讨一期手法松解联合关节镜下清理肩袖修补术治疗肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩的疗效。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2015年12月采用一期手法松解联合关节镜下清理肩袖修补术治疗的15例肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩患者(冻结肩组)临床资料,并与同期关节镜下肩袖修补术治疗的24例肩袖撕裂不合并冻结肩患者(非冻结肩组)进行比较。冻结肩组患者年龄大于非冻结肩组(P0.05);两组患者性别、肩袖撕裂分型、损伤侧别、合并糖尿病例数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后肩关节疼痛程度采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),关节功能采用美国加州大学肩关节功能评分系统(UCLA)以及美国肩肘协会评分系统(ASES)评价。结果两组术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无手术早期相关并发症发生。两组患者均获随访,其中冻结肩组随访时间为13~31个月,平均19.2个月;非冻结肩组为12~33个月,平均20.3个月;两组随访时间比较,差异无统计学意义(t=–0.573,P=0.570)。冻结肩组术前VAS评分高于非冻结肩组(t=–2.166,P=0.037);术后3、6、12个月及末次随访时,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。冻结肩组术前及术后3个月肩关节活动范围(肩外旋及前屈)低于非冻结肩组(P0.05),术后6、12个月及末次随访时组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时两组患者内旋均超过L3。两组术后UCLA、ASES评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。其中冻结肩组术前UCLA评分低于非冻结肩组(P=0.037),但末次随访时两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.786)。两组手术前后ASES评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论一期手法松解联合关节镜下清理肩袖修补术治疗肩袖撕裂合并冻结肩,早期疗效略差于肩袖撕裂不合并冻结肩,但6个月后可获得相似疗效。     

手部指屈肌腱Ⅱ区断裂的临床治疗

目的比较手部指屈肌腱Ⅱ区断裂不同外科修复术的治疗效果,以及术后早期功能锻炼对患者康复治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2017年6月收治确诊为手部深浅指屈肌腱Ⅱ区完全断裂患者67例,按照手术方案的不同分为改良Kessler缝合组(n=42)与津下氏双圈修复组(n=25),所有患者术后均随访6个月,分析两种术式临床疗效并单独观察改良Kessler缝合组术后康复锻炼开始时间对患者功能康复的影响。结果两组患者术后TAM评分优良率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),改良Kessler缝合组的手术时间长于津下氏双圈修复组的(P0.05),但两组患者住院时间与患者满意度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);改良Kessler缝合组早期进行康复锻炼的患者术后6个月的TAM评分优良率明显高于晚期进行康复锻炼的患者(P0.05)。结论改良Kessler缝合术与津下氏双圈修复术治疗手部屈指肌腱Ⅱ区断裂临床疗效相当,应尽早行康复锻炼治疗,促进关节功能恢复。     

髋关节置换术超早期康复在老年骨折中的治疗效果

目的探讨髋关节置换术联合超早期康复锻炼治疗老年单侧创伤性股骨颈骨折的效果。方法回顾性分析72例老年单侧创伤性股骨颈骨折患者临床诊治情况,所有患者均行髋关节置换术治疗,术后行常规护理者作为对照组,36例;36例术后实施超早期康复锻炼。分别于术后1、7、14、21天采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价其疼痛程度;记录两组平均住院时间、术后并发症,评价两组术后14天、28天、3个月时髋关节功能。结果观察组术后1、7、14、21天时VAS评分明显低于对照组,P0.05。观察组平均住院时间为(24.85±4.16)天明显短于对照组(35.84±5.22)天,t=9.88,P=0.00;观察组术后并发症率2.78%明显低于对照组16.67%,χ~2=3.96,P=0.04。观察组术后14天、28天、3个月时Harris评分明显高于对照组,P0.05。结论老年单侧创伤性股骨颈骨折患者行髋关节置换术后实施超早期康复锻炼可更好地改善患者关节功能,促进其康复。     

全膝关节置换术后主动和被动锻炼促进关节功能恢复的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨全膝关节置换(TKA)术后持续被动活动和主动功能锻炼对患者关节功能康复效果的影响. 方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2007年2月至2008年6月行TKA的80例患者为研究对象,所有患者按入院序号应用随机数字表法分为持续被动活动组(CPM组)和主动功能锻炼组(AP组),每组40例.CPM组术后早期应用CPM机行康复治疗,AP组则在专业康复医师指导下进行主动功能锻炼.记录患者术后第3、6、9天时的VAS评分,术后第3、6、9天、出院及随访时的关节活动度,患者住院天数.采用美国膝关节外科学会的评分系统(KSS)对患者术前、术后3、6个月随访时的患膝关节功能进行评分. 结果术后第3天,CPM组、AP组的平均VAS评分分别为2.37、3.02分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.52,P=0.03).术后第6、9天两组患者平均VAS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后3、6、9 d及出院时两组患者的关节活动度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).56例患者(CPM组30例,AP组26例)获得随访.术后3个月,CPM组、AP组患者的关节活动度为别为105.50°、112.96°,差异有统计学意义(P=0.04),但术后6个月时两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后3、6个月两组患者KSS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 TKA术后功能恢复应强调主动功能锻炼而非被动锻炼.不推荐常规应用CPM,但对痛觉过敏及无法进行主动功能锻炼的患者,仍应考虑CPM辅助治疗,以促进关节功能的恢复.     

Impact of shoulder complaints after neck dissection on shoulder disability and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To explore relationships between shoulder complaints after neck dissection, shoulder disability, and quality of life. To find clinical predictors for mid- to long-term shoulder disability. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Shoulder pain, shoulder mobility, and shoulder droop, as well as scores on shoulder disability questionnaire and RAND-36 (quality of life), were measured at baseline, discharge (T1), and 4 months postoperatively (T2) on 139 patients admitted for neck dissection to major head and neck centers in the Netherlands. RESULTS: Shoulder mobility was significantly decreased at T1 and did not improve. Significant relationships between shoulder function, shoulder disability score, and RAND-36 domains were found. Two clusters of clinical symptoms could be identified as independent predictors for shoulder disability. CONCLUSIONS: Objective deterioration in shoulder function after neck dissection is associated with perceived shoulder disability and related to physical functioning and bodily pain. Predictors for shoulder disability can be found.     

Functional assessment using Constant's Shoulder Scale after modified radical and selective neck dissection

BACKGROUND: Constant's Shoulder Scale is a validated and widely applied instrument for assessment of shoulder function. We used this instrument to assess which treatment and demographic variables contribute to shoulder dysfunction after neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: A convenience sample of 54 patients with 64 neck dissections and minimum follow-up of 11 months were evaluated. Thirty-two accessory nerve-sparing modified radical (MRND) and 32 selective neck (SND) dissections were performed. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the variables that were predictive for shoulder dysfunction. Clinical variables included age, time from surgery, handedness, weight, radiation therapy, neck dissection type, tumor stage, and site. RESULTS: Patients receiving MRND had significantly worse shoulder function than patients with SND (p =.0007). Radiation therapy contributed negatively, whereas weight contributed positively (p =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The critical factors contributing to shoulder dysfunction after neck dissection were weight, radiation therapy, and neck dissection type.     

A prospective study of shoulder disability resulting from radical and modified neck dissections

A prospective longitudinal study of shoulder function after 103 neck dissections involving either preservation or sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve is presented. The postoperative evolution and course of trapezius muscle denervation and resultant shoulder dysfunction were objectively determined for both radical and modified nerve sparing neck dissections. All patients were enrolled in a program of physical therapy aimed at maintaining range of motion at the shoulder joint. Shoulder function was examined preoperatively and for 12 months postoperatively with manual muscle strength testing, range of motion measurements, and electrodiagnostic testing. Results indicate that modified nerve sparing dissections are followed on the average by a significant, but temporary and reversible phase of shoulder dysfunction. By comparison, radical neck dissection is followed by profound and permanent trapezius muscle weakness and denervation.     

A pilot study of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of progressive resistance exercise training on shoulder dysfunction caused by spinal accessory neurapraxia/neurectomy in head and neck cancer survivors

BACKGROUND: Shoulder dysfunction remains a frequent complication after neck dissection procedures for head and neck cancer. METHODS: We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the effects of progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) on shoulder dysfunction caused by spinal accessory neurapraxia/neurectomy in patients with head and neck cancer. Twenty patients (mean age, 61 +/- 7.7 years) were randomly assigned to PRET or standard care intervention. Subjects assigned to the PRET group exercised three times per week for 12 weeks. The goal of the exercise program was to enhance scapular stability and strength of the upper extremity. The resistance-training program was progressive in terms of number of sets and repetitions performed, as well as the amount of weight lifted, depending on performance status. RESULTS: The completion rate for the trial was 85% (17 of 20). The exercise group completed 93% of scheduled exercise sessions. Significant improvements were found in favor of the PRET group in active shoulder external rotation (p =.001), shoulder pain (p =.038), and overall score for shoulder pain and disability (p =.045). CONCLUSIONS: The study results demonstrate a high rate of completion and adherence with our PRET program among patients with head and neck cancer. The preliminary findings, although limited, also suggest a potential therapeutic role for resistance exercise as an adjunct to standard physical therapy treatment.     

The impact of thoracic surgical access on early shoulder function: video-assisted thoracic surgery versus posterolateral thoracotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Whether video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is associated with less shoulder dysfunction when compared with posterolateral thoracotomy (PLT) remains unclear. We therefore conducted this prospective study to assess the shoulder function in patients following major lung resection using either the VATS or PLT approach. METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutive patients were prospectively recruited into the study. Eighteen patients underwent major lung resection through VATS (VATS group) and 11 patients through PLT (open group). Shoulder function was measured preoperatively, and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month and at 3 months. All assessments were done by two experienced physiotherapists using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form. RESULTS: Shoulder strength was significantly better preserved in the VATS group at 1 week after surgery when compared with the PLT group (92 versus 81% of preoperative value; P=0.024). VATS patients also had better range of motion especially with respect to external rotation at 1 week (98 versus 91%; P=0.015) and forward elevation at 1 month (98 versus 93%; P=0.024) and 3 months after surgery (100 versus 96%; P=0.021). Analgesic requirement was significantly less in the VATS group postoperatively at 1 week (P=0.009) and 1 month (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: VATS major lung resection is associated with significantly less shoulder dysfunction and pain medication requirement in the early postoperative period when compared to the PLT approach.     

Immediate versus delayed shoulder exercises after axillary lymph node dissection

A total of 144 evaluable patients with breast cancer were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, prospective study to establish the role of delayed shoulder exercises on wound drainage and shoulder function after axillary lymph node dissection. Patients in group 1 (n = 78) started active shoulder exercises 1 day postoperatively. Patients in group 2 (n = 66) started on the eight postoperative day, following 1 week of immobilization of the arm. Patients in group 2 had 14% less wound drainage volume than those in group 1 (600 +/- 436 mL versus 701 +/- 398 mL); this difference, however, was not significant. Also, no differences could be established between the two groups when duration and volume of wound drainage, number and volume of seroma aspirations, wound complication rates, and shoulder function were compared 6 months after surgery.     

Evaluation of immediate versus delayed shoulder exercises after breast cancer surgery including lymph node dissection--a randomised controlled trial

Two hundred and thirty women who had undergone surgery for breast cancer were randomised to a prospective study, comparing early (group A) and delayed (group B) shoulder exercise. Preoperatively, group A received instructions and an exercise programme supervised by a physiotherapist, whereas group B received written instructions to use the arm normally but to avoid heavy work. Two weeks after surgery both groups were given identical exercise programmes. Shoulder mobility, hand strength and arm volume were measured preoperatively, 1 month, 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. After 2 years 13.8% of the women had lymphoedema, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Grip strength was slightly decreased during the postoperative period in both groups (n.s.). Postoperatively, all movements in both groups were decreased after 2 weeks and 1 month and shoulder elevation and abduction remained decreased at 2 years. Mobility in group A recovered significantly earlier than in group B.     

Total laryngectomy and T3-T4 laryngeal cancer without other adverse histopathology.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the postoperative management, incidence of tumor recurrence in the neck, and outcome in laryngeal cancer patients whose risk for tumor relapse is not clear. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Thirty patients (27 of whom had transglottic tumors) met the study criteria (resected T3-T4 laryngeal cancer, histologically negative cervical nodes, and no other adverse histopathology). A group of 12 patients who underwent surgery alone was compared with a second group of 18 patients with similar characteristics but who received postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: Overall survival at five years was 50% in the surgery alone group and 61% in the combined therapy group (P=0.63). Among the 28 evaluable patients with a median follow-up of 44 months, the relapse rate in the neck was 25% in the surgery alone group and was 0% in the postoperatively irradiated group (P=0.07). Recurrences in the neck remained uncontrolled in two of the three patients at the time of death. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Postoperative radiotherapy deserves consideration in selected cases of T3-T4 laryngeal cancer without adverse histopathology.     

Objective comparison of physical dysfunction after neck dissection

Thirty-five patients who underwent a total of 44 neck dissections of various types were prospectively studied to compare differences in postoperative shoulder function. Those who underwent a radical neck dissection suffered the greatest reduction in shoulder movement and had severely abnormal electromyograms. Those who underwent modified neck dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve suffered less loss of shoulder function than the radical neck dissection group, but not to a significant degree at 16 weeks; however, the electromyograms of patients who underwent modified neck dissection were significantly better than those of the radical neck dissection group, which suggests that these patients may improve with time. Indeed, a reevaluation of several patients at 1 year showed improvement in both shoulder function and electromyograms in those who underwent modified neck dissection. Patients who underwent supraomohyoid neck dissection that involved minimal dissection of the spinal accessory nerve had minimal loss of shoulder function and usually, normal electromyograms at 16 weeks that documented less injury to the spinal accessory nerve. Again, these patients had improvement with time. A correlational analysis revealed that the physical parameters correlated well with the electromyographic findings, whereas each patient's perception of disability did not. These findings suggest that, in patients in whom it is oncologically sound, a neck dissection that spares the spinal accessory nerve offers significant benefit in terms of shoulder function.     

Pain in the neck after neck dissection.

BACKGROUND: Reports of disability after neck dissection have been directed toward shoulder dysfunction and pain. We could find no report addressing the issue of pain localized to the actual operative site. We have conducted a combined prospective and retrospective study of pain in patients undergoing neck dissection. METHODS: Eighty-eight disease-free patients were evaluated in 3 groups for neck pain. One group was followed up prospectively for 1 to 8 months after surgery, and 2 retrospective groups were followed up for more than 2 years or for 6 months to 2 years. Pain was assessed by a body map and visual analog scale. RESULTS: None of 31 patients followed up for more than 2 years reported neck pain. Four of 27 patients followed up for 6 to 24 months had pain, with a mean visual analog scale score of 3.7. Seventy percent of the prospective group of 30 patients had pain during the first postoperative week, and only 1 patient had pain persisting for more than 2 months. Shoulder pain and disability after radical neck dissection were encountered in all groups, comparable with the incidence reported in the literature. No postoperative neuromas were found. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain localized to the operative site is an uncommon occurrence even after radical neck dissection. Chronic pain in the shoulder region may follow radical neck dissection, whereas modified neck dissection is usually a painless procedure.