重症急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗时机探讨

目的探讨内镜治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的时机。方法选择上海市第一人民医院1995年4月至2005年5月59例经内镜治疗的重症急性胆源性胰腺炎病例,分为早期治疗组(A组,<48h)31例,延迟治疗组(B组,>48h)28例。分别比较两组病例腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、平均住院天数及并发症发生情况。结果A组病例腹痛缓解时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间及平均住院天数均短于B组(P<0.05)。A组发生并发症5例,B组为9例。结论重症急性胆源性胰腺炎应尽早行内镜治疗。     

胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜干预的临床分析

目的探讨早期行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜治疗对于急性胆源性胰腺炎患者的疗效。方法将我院2008年9月～2012年7月期间住院治疗的83例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者按治疗方式分为ERCP组(41例)和保守治疗组(42例)。所有病例均给予积极的常规综合治疗,ERCP组在入院后48 h内行内镜治疗。观察两组的临床疗效并对相关指标(腹痛缓解时间、体温恢复正常时间、白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间、平均住院时间)进行对比分析。结果 ER-CP组患者腹痛缓解时间、体温恢复正常时间、白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间及平均住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行ERCP能够明确病因,而且内镜治疗微创、安全、有效,能明显缩短住院时间。     

内镜介入治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的评价入院72h内行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)及介入治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎(acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP)的安全性和疗效。方法将我院2007年1月至2009年6月期间收治的87例ABP住院患者按治疗方式分为内镜治疗组和保守治疗组,内镜治疗组行ERCP检查和介入治疗,保守治疗组行常规内科保守治疗,分别观察2组的腹痛缓解时间、住院时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间、血白细胞恢复时间及肝功能恢复时间,并观察其并发症发生情况。结果内镜治疗组患者腹痛缓解时间、住院时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间、血白细胞恢复时间和肝功能恢复时间均明显短于保守治疗组(P0.05).未发生与内镜操作有关的消化道大出血、消化道穿孔、心血管意外等严重并发症。未见因ERCP检查和介入治疗而使病情加重者。结论早期内镜介入治疗ABP安全、有效,能防止病情进一步发展。     

内镜下双括约肌切开治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的：探讨早期内镜下括约肌切开术（EST）联合内镜下胰管支架置入（ERPD）治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）的疗效。方法：前瞻性研究,选取2009年1月至今于我院就诊的44例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者,对其行早期内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影（ERCP）、EST及必要的ERPD,评价疗效,并定期随访观察其长期疗效。结果：早期EST联合ERPD治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎尤其是重症胰腺炎,能有效的缓解腹痛、降低淀粉酶、促进胰腺恢复,降低复发率。结论：急性胆源性胰腺炎采用早期EST联合ERPD治疗是安全有效的,且有较好的长期疗效。     

轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗价值

目的 评价早期内镜治疗轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎的价值及远期并发症.方法 将131例轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎患者随机分为2组,44例行保守治疗(保守组),87例在72h内行内镜治疗(内镜组).比较其腹痛缓解时间,血淀粉酶、肝功能恢复时间及复发率等.结果 内镜组较对照组治疗后血淀粉酶、肝功能及体温恢复正常时间,腹痛缓解时间、腹部体征消失时间明显缩短(P<0.05).122例患者平均随访18个月(3~42个月),9例失访,随访率93.1%.内镜组的胰腺炎复发率0%(0/83)明显低于对照组15.4%(6/39)(P=0.001)).结论 早期内镜治疗对于轻症急性胆源性胰腺炎是一种有效而安全的方法,尤其适用于有明显黄疸、感染、结石嵌顿的病例,并能减少胰腺炎的复发.     

早期内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎46例临床研究

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法将我院2005年1月至2010年7月期间住院治疗的91例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者按治疗方式分为ERCP组(46例)和内科保守治疗组(简称对照组,45例)。所有病例均给予积极的常规综合治疗,ERCP组在入院后48 h内行内镜治疗。观察两组的临床疗效并对相关指标(腹痛缓解时间、体温恢复正常时间、白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间、血淀粉酶降至正常时间、平均住院时间及死亡率)进行对比分析。结果 ERCP组ERCP诊断胆总管结石27例,单纯胆囊结石6例,十二指肠乳头旁巨大憩室3例,化脓性胆管炎4例,胆总管下段狭窄3例,ERCP未见异常3例。27例胆总管结石患者中20例行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST),4例行乳头开窗术,3例胆总管微小结石行气囊取石术。27例患者中应用胆道网篮、气囊一次性取石成功20例,7例患者因合并化脓性胆管炎或结石巨大,取石困难,先给予急诊内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD),待病情稳定后再行EST取石和(或)碎石治疗。3例十二指肠乳头旁巨大憩室和3例胆总管下段狭窄行EST,4例化脓性胆管炎仅行ENBD。所有患者均行ENBD。ERCP组患者腹痛缓解时间、体温恢复正常时间、白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间及平均住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。血淀粉酶降至正常时间及死亡率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行ERCP能够明确病因,而且内镜治疗微创、安全、有效,能明显缩短住院时间。     

Endoscopic therapy for aged patients with biliary acute pancreatitis

目的 探讨高龄胆源性急性胰腺炎(biliary acute pancreatitis,BAP)病人早期内镜治疗的疗效及安全性.方法 将100例BAP病人分为高龄组(80岁及以上)22例,对照组(80岁以下)78例,观察两组内镜治疗的疗效和安全性.结果 高龄组22例均顺利完成了内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)操作,与对照组比较,治疗后血淀粉酶、白细胞计数、肝功能恢复正常时间、腹痛缓解时间、腹部体征消失时间及体温恢复正常时间、并发症发生率等差异均无统计学意义.结论 治疗性ERCP对于治疗高龄BAP具有微创、安全、有效等优点.     

The clinical study of threapy with duodenoscopic technique and uliinastatin for patients with acute biliary pancreatits

目的 评价早期十二指肠镜技术联合乌司他丁治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的价值及并发症.方法 150例胆源性胰腺炎患者中,72 h内行内镜治疗50例,72 h内行内镜联合乌司他丁治疗50例,保守治疗50例.比较其腹痛缓解时间,血淀粉酶及肝功能恢复时间等.结果 联合组较对照组治疗后血淀粉酶恢复正常时间,肝功能恢复正常时间、腹痛缓解时间、腹部体征消失时间及体温恢复正常时间明显缩短(P=0.001或P＜0.001,P＜0.018).三组血白细胞恢复正常时间无显著性差异(P=0.352).结论 早期内镜联合乌司他丁治疗对于急性胆源性胰腺炎是一种有效而安全的方法,对于有明显黄疸、感染、结石嵌顿的病例应急诊内镜治疗;对于病情较轻、黄疸不重的患者可先保守治疗后再择期内镜治疗.     

早期内镜治疗老年重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨早期内镜治疗老年重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2010年7月—2013年7月收治的90例老年重症急性胆源性胰腺炎患者的临床资料，其中行内镜治疗患者52例作为观察组，行开放手术治疗患者38例作为对照组，观察对比两组患者的体温恢复正常时间、腹痛、腹部压痛消失时间、白细胞（WBC）、血清淀粉酶(AMY)、谷草转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、直接胆红素(DBIL)恢复正常时间、手术时间、住院时间、治愈率、并发症发生率、复发率和病死率等。 结果：观察组体温恢复正常时间、腹痛消失时间、腹部压痛消失时间、白细胞（WBC）、血清淀粉酶(AMY)恢复正常时间、手术时间、住院时间明显优于对照组，两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组治愈率明显高于对照组，病死率、复发率和并发症发生率明显低于对照组，两组间比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论：早期内镜治疗老年重症急性胆源性胰腺炎创伤小、疗效好，值得临床推广。     

早期中药组方加内镜干预综合治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎临床研究

目的探讨中西医结合治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选择符合急性胆源性胰腺炎诊断标准的患者140例,随机分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组,每组70例。Ⅱ组接受常规治疗、外科微创综合治疗;Ⅰ组在Ⅱ组基础上给予中药组方。对比两组的血清淀粉酶恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、首次自主排气排便时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、死亡率。结果Ⅰ组血淀粉酶恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间、首次自主排气排便时间、住院时间均小于Ⅱ组(P <0. 05),并发症发生率和死亡率亦低于Ⅱ组。结论早期采用中药组方及内镜干预综合治疗能有效改善急性胆源性胰腺炎预后,值得临床推广。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.