不同速率输注瑞芬太尼对老年患者气管插管反应的影响

目的评价不同速率输注瑞芬太尼对老年患者气管插管反应的影响。方法 30例择期行上腹部手术老年患者,随机分为3组(n=10),麻醉诱导开始时,分别静脉输注瑞芬太尼0．05μg· kg-1·min-1(R0．05组)、0．10μg·kg-1·min-1(R0．10组)、0．15μg·kg-1·min-1(R0．15组),10 min后静脉注射咪唑安定0．1 mg·kg-1,意识消失后静脉注射琥珀酰胆碱1．5 mg·kg-1,行气管插管,于输注瑞芬太尼前、气管插管前即刻、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后2、5、10min记录血压(BP)、心率(HR),并于各时点采静脉血检测肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平;记录各组肌僵、低血压等副反应的发生情况。结果 R0．05组气管插管反应的发生率(80％)高于R0．10组(10％)和R0．15组(10％)。R0．15组肌僵、血压下降和心动过缓等副反应的发生率高于R0．10组。R0．05组气管插管后2、5、10 min及R0．10 组气管插管后2、5 min NE、E浓度均高于基础值,且高于R0．15组;R0．15组气管插管后2、5 min NE浓度高于基础值,E浓度差异无统计学意义。结论老年患者静脉输注瑞芬太尼诱导气管插管的合适速率为0．10μg·kg-1·min-1。     

雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉的临床应用

目的观察雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉的效果。方法全身麻醉下腰椎手术患者60例,随机均分为雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和静吸复合麻醉组(Ⅱ组)。雷米芬太尼和丙泊酚的负荷量分别为1μg/kg和1mg/kg,雷米芬太尼以0.5μg·kg-1·min-1速率输注。麻醉中通过增减雷米芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1·min-1输注速率调整麻醉深度。丙泊酚按5∶4∶3方案输注,即5mg·kg-1·h-1输注10min,4mg·kg-1·h-1输注10min,20min后3mg·kg-1·h-1恒速输注。观察两组气管插管反应、麻醉效果、苏醒质量。结果两组麻醉效果相同,均可抑制气管插管反应(P<0.01),且Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组明显(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组苏醒质量较Ⅱ组好(P<0.01),不良反应较Ⅱ组高(P<0.01),术中无知晓。结论雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚用两个注射泵静脉麻醉,采用负荷量加两种以上速率输注全凭静脉麻醉简便易行。     

异丙酚麻醉诱导期间不同剂量瑞芬太尼对病人气管插管心血管反应的影响

目的比较异丙酚麻醉诱导期间不同剂量瑞芬太尼对病人气管插管心血管反应的影响，寻找瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚气管插管的合适剂量。方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人36例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，年龄20～65岁，随机分为3组（n=12）：瑞芬太尼1、1．5、2μg／kg分别为复合异丙酚1．5μg／kg组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）。依次静脉注射咪唑安定0．03mg／kg、异丙酚1．5mg/kg、维库溴铵0．1mg／kg以及瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导，2min后气管插管，进行机械通气，呼吸频率12次／min，潮气量8～10ml／kg，维持呼气末二氧化碳分压35～45mmHg。持续监测血压（平均动脉压、舒张压、收缩压）、心率（HR）以及听觉诱发电位指数（AAI），并记录病人有无气管插管时呛咳和肌肉强直、术中知晓等反应。结果与基础值比较，三组气管插管前即刻血压及Ⅲ组气管插管后即刻舒张压均降低，Ⅲ组气管插管后即刻血压低于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）；HR组间及组内比较差异无统计学意义；三组间AAI差异无统计学意义。结论异丙酚1．5mg／kg麻醉诱导期间瑞芬太尼1或1．5μg／kg是病人气管插管时的合适剂量。     

舒芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉下体外循环冠脉搭桥术患者双频谱指数与熵指数的关系

目的评价非肌松、深麻醉状态下,双频谱指数(BIS)反映麻醉深度的准确性。方法选择ASAⅢ级的冠脉搭桥术患者59例,麻醉诱导:静脉注射异丙酚2 mg／kg、舒芬太尼1μg／kg、罗库溴铵0．6 mg／kg,术中麻醉维持采用静脉持续输注异丙酚3-4 mg·kg-1·h-1、舒芬太尼1μg·kg-1·h-1。于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导开始后1、2、3、4 min、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、切皮后即刻和劈胸骨后即刻记录BIS、状态熵(SE)和反映熵(RE)。结果与麻醉诱导前相比,麻醉诱导开始后1、2、3、4 min和气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、切皮后即刻及劈胸骨后即刻BIS、SE和RE均下降(P<0．05)。与SE相比,RE在各观察点均升高(P<0．01)。麻醉诱导期间BIS与SE和RE各时间点观察值之间呈明显正相关,r分别为0．898、0．908(P<0．01)。结论在非肌松、深麻醉状态下,BIS对舒芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉深度的监测不受肌电活动的影响。     

听觉诱发电位指数指导全凭静脉麻醉期间病人输注异丙酚的效果

目的探讨听觉诱发电位指数(AAI)指导全凭静脉麻醉期间病人输注异丙酚的效果。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=30):试验组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组)。静脉诱导气管插管后,持续输注0．2μg·kg-1·min-1瑞芬太尼以维持合适的麻醉深度。Ⅰ组通过监测AAI调节异丙酚输注速率,使AAI维持在30以下,Ⅱ组根据病人血压及心率调节异丙酚输注速率,每5分钟增减0．01 mg·kg-1·min-1异丙酚。记录气腹前(T1)、气腹后(T2)、分离胆囊(T3)、腹腔冲洗(T4)、手术结束(T5)时2组的血压、心率、AAI和输注异丙酚的速率,同时记录2组异丙酚、维库溴铵、瑞芬太尼用量、术毕睁眼时间、应答时间和拔管时间。结果2组各时间点AAI差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组输注异丙酚速率以及总用量减少(P<0．05)。术后24 h随访病人均无术中知晓。结论AAI指导全凭静脉麻醉输注异丙酚用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人,可较好的控制麻醉深度,指导合理用药,避免病人术中知晓。     

三种麻醉方法对腹腔镜手术二氧化碳气腹期间自主神经活动趋势的影响

目的以心率变异性（heart rate variability，HRV）为观察指标，观察分析不同的麻醉方法对腹腔镜胆囊切除手术（Laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）二氧化碳（CO2）气腹期间自主神经活动趋势的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期L患者45例，按手术日期分为全身麻醉组（Ⅰ组，对照组）、全身麻醉＋艾司洛尔组（Ⅱ组）和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组（Ⅲ组），分别在麻醉前，气腹前，气腹后5、10、20及30min观察HRV及血流动力学的变化。结果与气腹前相比，Ⅰ组低频（LF）、低频／高频（LF／HF）在气腹后不同时点均显著升高（P〈0．05）；Ⅱ组LF／HF在气腹后5、10min显著升高（P〈0．05）；Ⅲ组气腹后各时点LF、HF、LF／HF均无显著变化（P〉0．05）。组间比较，Ⅰ组LF、LF／HF在气腹后各时点均显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．05），Ⅱ组LF在气腹后10min显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05），LF／HF在气腹后5、10min显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。HF各组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论艾司洛尔可减轻气腹引起的应激反应，但不能完全阻止其交感活性的增强；全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术，可以抑制气腹引起的交感神经兴奋，维持自主神经的稳定性。     

卡托普利对全麻诱导气管内插管时循环反应的作用

目的 探讨卡托普利静注预防全麻窥喉插管(LTI)循环副反应的效果及作用机制。方法 插管全麻30例患者随机分为两组,试验组(麻醉诱导前10min静注卡托普利0.30～0.35mg·kg~(-1)和对照组各15例。两组均以氟哌利多、芬太尼、硫喷妥钠及氯化琥珀胆碱诱导插管。于LTI前后不同时点测定收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)、心率(HR)、心率收缩压乘积(RPP)及血浆血管紧张素Ⅰ(AⅠ)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、心钠素(ANP)、血栓素B_2(TXB_2)的水平。结果 ①试验组LTI期间SP、DP、HR及RPP比较平稳;而对照组于插管即刻及其后1～1.5、3min上述指标明显升高(P<0.05或0.01)。②试验组插管即刻及其后1～1.5minAⅠ明显升高(P<001),AⅡ、ALD显著降低(P<0.05或0.01),NE、E、ANP插管期间及TXB_2插管后无明显变化;而对照组AⅠ、AⅡ及ALD各时点差异无显著性,NE、E插管即刻及其后1～1.5min及ANP、TXB_2插管即刻及其后1～1.5、5min明显升高(P<0.01)。且各内分泌指标组间差异亦显著(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 卡托普利0.30～0.35mg·kg~(-1)麻醉诱导前10min静注,可削弱LTI期间交感神经活动升高,能有效地预防LTI循环副反应。     

择期手术时应用硫喷妥钠行早期气管插管

临床麻醉中应用非去极化肌松药行快速气管插管时,常规的处理是在给药后行人工通气3min,这可以引起胃胀气等多种并发症.本文介绍了一种用硫喷妥钠早期插管的方法,并就插管难度、血流动力学改变等与常规方法进行了比较.病人共53例,随机分成2组:Ⅰ组(对照组)29例、Ⅱ组(早期插管组)24例.全部病例在麻醉前先接ECG及无创动脉压监测,然后静注婴粟碱10mg,用密闭面罩自主呼吸吸氧3min,随之静注阿屈可林0.2mg·kg~(-1)和硫喷妥钠5mg·kg~(-1).此后,Ⅰ组用面罩行人工通气3min后行气管插管,Ⅱ组在硫喷妥钠注毕后30sec行气管插管.记录诱导及气管插管过程中血压和心率的变化,气管插管过程所用时间(自喉镜插入至充起气囊).插     

舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对全麻患者气管插管时心血管反应的影响

目的评价舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对全麻患者气管插管时心血管反应的影响。方法择期上腹部手术患者60例,年龄26～50岁,体重48～75kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组（n=20）：舒芬太尼0.5μg/ks组（Ⅰ组）、芬太尼5μg/kg＋艾司洛尔1 mg/kg组（Ⅱ组）和舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg＋艾司洛尔1 mg/kg组（Ⅲ组）。3组均静脉注射试验用药、异丙酚1.5 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气。分别于麻醉诱导前（T1）、麻醉诱导后1min（T2）、气管插管后即刻（T3）、气管插管后1 min（T4）、3min（T5）及10min（T6）记录HR,收缩压（SP）、舒张压（DP）,并于T1、T2、T4时采集桡动脉血7 ml,测定血浆肾上腺素（Ad）和去甲肾上腺素（NA）的浓度。结果与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组HR、SP、DP及血浆Ad和NA的浓度降低（P〈0.05）;与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组HR、SP、DP降低（P〈0.05）。与T1比较,T2时3组HR、SP、DP及血浆Ad和NA浓度降低（P〈0.05）,Ⅰ组T3时HR、SP、DP升高,T4时HR升高,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg复合艾司洛尔1mg/kg可更好地预防全麻患者气管插管时的心血管反应。     

瑞芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对全麻患者气管插管时心血管指标的影响

目的 评价瑞芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对全麻患者气管插管时心血管系统的影响.方法 选择择期上腹部手术患者60 例,ASAⅠ - Ⅱ级,随机分为3 组（n = 20）：瑞芬太尼2 μg/kg组（Ⅰ组）,芬太尼4 μg/kg ＋ 艾司洛尔1 mg/kg 组（Ⅱ组）和瑞芬太尼2 μg/kg ＋ 艾司洛尔1 mg/kg组（Ⅲ组）.分别注入上述药物、丙泊酚2 mg/kg 和阿曲库铵1.5 mg/kg 后行气管插管,机械通气.记录麻醉诱导前（T1）、麻醉诱导后1 min（T2）、气管插管后即刻（T3）、气管插管后1 min（T4）、3 min（T5）及10 min（T6）的HR、收缩压（SP）、舒张压（DP）,并于T1、T2、T4 时分别采集桡动脉血7 ml,测定血浆肾上腺素（Ad）和去甲肾上腺素（NA）的浓度.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组HR、SP、DP 及血浆Ad 和NA 的浓度降低（P 〈 0.05）;与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组HR、SP、DP 降低（P 〈 0.05）;与T1 比较,T2时3 组HR、SP、DP 及血浆Ad 和NA 的浓度降低（P 〈 0.05）;Ⅰ组T3 时HR、SP、DP 升高,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组差异无统计学意义.结论 瑞芬太尼复合艾司洛尔可更好地预防全麻患者气管插管时的心血管副作用.     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.