腹腔镜抗反流手术对胃食管反流病主观症状的影响因素分析

目的分析腹腔镜胃底折叠术和食管裂孔疝修补术治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）主观症状改善的因素分析。 方法回顾分析2011年1月至2019年12月于上海长征医院甲乳疝外科接受腹腔镜下抗反流手术92例患者的临床资料。胃底折叠术包括Nissen患者54例和Toupet患者38例。随访108个月,所有患者均通过电话随访,内容包括反流症状（反酸、胃灼热）的改善,术后并发症、满意度等。并以反流和胃灼热症状的复发作为评判抗反流术后疗效的标准。通过χ²检验单因素分析和Logistic回归多因素分析,分析了性别、年龄（60岁为界）、质子泵抑制剂（PPI）使用时间（30和60个月为界）、PPI反应性（良好/不佳）、裂孔疝复发、手术方式（Nissen/Toupet）以及是否应用补片等因素对于GERD相关症状的影响。 结果所有手术均顺利完成,末次随访时共有11例出现反流复发和21例胃灼热复发,其中12例患者自觉食管炎症状（反流、胃灼热）无缓解,手术总满意率为81.52%。末次随访时共有16例存在不同程度的吞咽困难,Niseen组10例,Toupet组6例。反流复发的单因素分析结果表明性别、年龄、手术方式、术前PPI使用时间以及PPI反应性与反流复发无相关性（P>0.05）,裂孔疝复发和是否应用补片是术后反流复发的影响因素（P<0.05）,多因素分析提示裂孔疝复发是术后反流复发的独立影响因素。胃灼热复发的单因素分析结果表明性别、年龄、手术方式、术前PPI使用时间以及应用补片与胃灼热复发无相关性（P>0.05）,但PPI反应性和裂孔疝复发是术后胃灼热复发的影响因素（P<0.05）,多因素分析表明PPI反应性是术后胃灼热复发的独立影响因素。 结论腹腔镜抗反流手术（胃底折叠术和食管裂孔疝修补术）治疗GERD是安全有效的,对于术前PPI反应性较差的患者,手术指征应更加慎重。     

食管裂孔疝与呼吸道症状关系的研究进展

目的介绍食管裂孔疝（hiatal hernia，HH）的现状及其与呼吸道症状关系的研究进展。方法收集近年来国内外关于HH及其与呼吸道症状关系的相关文献并进行综述。结果胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）在人群中普遍存在，常引起喉、气道等食管外症状，极易误诊误治。HH在GERD者中常见；且在因反流引起的食管外症状患者中，并发HH者不在少数。经腔镜积极治疗HH，能显著减轻反流及其引起的呼吸道症状。结论HH能增加反流所致的呼吸道症状的发生风险，积极治疗HH可明显改善反流引起的呼吸道症状。     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合抗反流手术临床疗效研究（附835例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合抗反流手术治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）合并食管裂孔疝的安全性和疗效。方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2015年5月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的835例GERD合并食管裂孔疝病人的临床资料,均行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术+胃底折叠术。结果 835例均成功完成腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术+胃底折叠术,无一例中转开放手术。其中联合其他手术183例（21.9%）。手术时间55.3（40～90）min;术中出血量20.4（5～50）mL,无术中术后输血者。术后24～48 h全流质饮食。术后随访3个月至10年,平均37.5个月。56例（6.7%）病人术后出现并发症,其中吞咽困难28例,食管裂孔疝复发（折叠的胃底疝入胸腔）4例,症状复发18例,胃肠胀气综合征6例。结论 腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术+胃底折叠术安全有效、创伤小、恢复快、并发症少,并可联合手术治疗其他疾病,是GERD合并食管裂孔疝病人的理想选择。     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术对胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝患者抗反流效果及生活质量的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术对胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）合并食管裂孔疝（hiatus hernia,HH）患者抗反流效果及生活质量的影响。 方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院消化科住院部自2015年3月至2017年8月收治的78例GERD合并HH患者为研究对象,分为2组。观察组行腹腔镜HH修补术联合胃底折叠术（42例）,对照组行传统开腹术（36例）。随访观察2组患者手术情况、不良反应发生情况以及RDQ和GLQI评分。 结果观察组患者术中出血量和手术时间、术后住院时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后3及6个月随访中,观察组的RDQ评分低于对照组,GLQI评分高于对照组（P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后不良反应发生率为7.14%,对照组术后不良反应发生率为16.67%,但2组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论对于GERD合并HH患者,采用腹腔镜HH修补术联合胃底折叠术的手术方案,手术情况及抗反流效果更好,患者生活质量更高。     

胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝及哮喘症状的腹腔镜外科治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝(hiatal hernia,HH)修补术加胃底折叠术对胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)合并HH及哮喘症状的疗效。方法收集2008年1月至2012年1月第二炮兵总医院收治的GERD合并HH患者。问卷随访和评价术前及术后胃食管反流病典型症状和哮喘症状评分和并发症。结果共纳入和成功随访476例,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ型HH分别占90.8%、1.1%、5.9%和2.3%。补片植入56例,Nissen和Toupet胃底折叠术分别为310例和166例。平均随访(4.4±1.3)年,术后无严重并发症和死亡。手术总有效率为95.5%,胃食管反流典型症状评分和哮喘症状评分分别从(13.4±2.0)和(18.2±2.9)下降至(3.1±1.7)和(5.2±5.0),差异均有统计学意义(t=11.7、14.4,P均0.001),术后症状评分缓解率分别为76.9%和71.4%。结论腹腔镜下HH修补术加胃底折叠术能有效控制GERD的典型症状及哮喘症状,并且安全性良好。胃食管反流、食管裂孔疝和哮喘三者之间存在相关性,值得进一步的探讨和研究。     

腹腔镜Hill修补术治疗胃食管反流病20例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜Hill修补术治疗胃食管反流病的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1-10月海军军医大学第二附属医院普外三科收治的行经腹腔镜Hill修补术治疗的20例GERD病人的临床资料,随访观察临床疗效。结果 术中测压提示Hill修补缝合后LESP显著高于缝合前水平（t=42.845,P<0.001）。20例病人术后6周复查,反流症状均明显改善,胃食管交界区阀瓣形态均较为良好,24 h食管pH监测无一例出现异常酸反流。Hill修补术后平均下食管括约肌静息压为（29.4±1.90）mmHg,显著高于术前平均水平（t=37.014,P<0.001）。结论 腹腔镜Hill手术可提高下食管括约肌静息压及重建胃食管交界区阀瓣结构,对GERD病人抗反流效果显著。     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝（HH）合并胃食管反流病患者的临床疗效。 方法选择2016年1月至2019年1月河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的108例食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者开展回顾性研究，按照不同手术方式将患者分为2组，每组患者54例。对照组行常规开腹手术，联合组行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术，比较2组患者术前及术后6个月反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分。 结果2组术前反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；2组患者术后6个月反流症状与术前比较，均得到明显改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组术后反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。联合组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时长均明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术对HH合并胃食管反流病患者效果显著，有利于患者身体快速恢复，微创、安全且近期疗效满意。     

腹腔镜补片修补巨大食管裂孔疝

目的探讨腹腔镜补片修补巨大食管裂孔疝的安全性和有效性。方法 2006年5月至2010年5月应用腹腔镜补片修补食管裂孔疝12例,采用全身麻醉,材料为聚丙烯和聚四氟乙烯补片,剪裁7.5cm×7.5cm大小圆形补片,用EMS固定于膈肌上。结果全部患者手术成功。术后1个月复查,症状按Visick评分：12例均为VisickⅠ。胃镜检查：食管下端糜烂减轻或消失。食管压力测定：（16.33±3.07）mmHg。24h食管内pH值〈4,总时间百分比均〈4%。钡餐检查：12例胸腔胃全部位于膈下腹腔内。12例患者随访1～5年,无胃烧灼感、反流症状,胃镜食管炎消失,钡餐食管裂孔疝无复发。5例贫血者,血色素升至正常。结论腹腔镜下补片修补食管裂孔疝安全、有效且复发率低。补片相关并发症需进一步随访观察。     

腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术对胃食管反流病患者食管动力学的影响

目的通过食管高分辨率测压（high resolution manometry,HRM）对比胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）患者腹腔镜下Nissen胃底折叠术（laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication,LNF）前后食管动力学的改变情况,探讨手术的抗反流原理。 方法选取2014年6月至2016年7月,火箭军总医院73例连续住院的GERD患者,LNF术前1周内行包括HRM在内一系列术前评估,术后GERD症状明显缓解且吞咽困难等并发症已经消失时复查HRM。对手术前后2次HRM的9个食管动力学参数进行对比分析,并按术前是否存在食管裂孔疝进一步分组分析。 结果术后患者食管长度平均延长了（0.43±1.72）cm,腹腔内下食管括约肌长度平均延长了（1.20± 0.94）cm,术后患者下食管括约肌静息压平均增加了（5.99±7.79）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,综合松弛压平均增加了（3.41±5.43）mmHg;远端收缩分数平均增加了（157.26±596.01）mmHg·s·cm,远端收缩延迟时间平均增加了（0.93±2.30）s;上述6个动力学参数与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P=0.04,<0.01,<0.01,<0.01,0.03,<0.01）。而术后下食管括约肌长度、食管上括约肌压力和收缩前沿速度与术前相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.83,0.43,0.73）。食管长度、下食管括约肌长度和远端收缩分数在食管裂孔疝患者中较无食管裂孔疝患者改善更为显著（P<0.01,<0.01,<0.01）。 结论LNF主要通过延长腹腔内食管长度,增强下食管括约压力,增强食管的廓清功能,从而到达有效的抗反流作用。其中合并食管裂孔疝的患者较无食管裂孔疝患者术后上述食管动力学改善更为显著。     

食管裂孔疝与呼吸道症状临床相关性研究

目的 探讨食管裂孔疝(hiatal hernia,HH)与呼吸道症状相关性.方法 2009年1-12月在胃食管反流中心收集HH住院患者,分别对其性别、年龄、临床症状及诊治进行临床分析.结果 在362例胃食管反流疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)患者中,196例有HH(54.1％),其中132例有呼吸道症状,64例无呼吸道症状,结果显示HH与呼吸道症状有相关性(x2=15.3,P=0).进一步多变量分析研究显示HH能增加呼吸道症状的风险(优势比OR值2.3,95％可信区间CI 1.5～3.6).196例HH患者中,178例行胃底折叠术并裂孔疝修补术,7例行胃底折叠术,11例保守治疗,术后168例疝修补术患者得到随访,平均随访(12±3)个月;7例胃底折叠术患者平均随访(12±4)个月,总有效率85.1％.结论 HH发病隐匿,由于其独特的形成因素,HH能增加反流及呼吸道症状的风险.通过有效的诊断并积极治疗HH,能显著减轻反流及其引起的呼吸道症状.     

Treatment of giant hiatal hernia by laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

IntroductionObesity is a risk factor for hiatal hernia. In addition, much higher recurrence rates are reported after standard surgical treatment of hiatal hernia in morbidly obese patients. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is an effective surgical treatment for morbid obesity and is known to effectively control symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).Case presentationTwo patients suffering from giant hiatal hernias where a combined LRYGB and hiatal hernia repair (HHR) with mesh was performed are presented in this paper. There were no postoperative complications and at 1 year follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence of the hernia.DiscussionThe gold standard for all symptomatic reflux patients is still surgical correction of the paraesophageal hernia, including complete reduction of the hernia sac, resection of the sac, hiatal closure and fundoplication. However, HHR outcome is adversely affected by higher BMI levels, leading to increased HH recurrence rates in the obese.ConclusionConcomitant giant hiatal hernia repair with LRYGB appears to be safe and feasible. Moreover, LRYGB plus HHR appears to be a good alternative for HH patients suffering from morbid obesity as well than antireflux surgery alone because of the additional benefit of significant weight loss and improvement of obesity related co-morbidity.     

胃食管反流病的腹腔镜外科治疗

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管反流病的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析2008年1月—2011年9月对33例胃食管反流病患者行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术的临床资料.腹腔镜单纯胃底折叠术5例(Toupet式),腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术25例(Nissen式3例,Toupet式22例),腹腔镜单纯食管裂孔疝修补术3例.结果:全组患者手术均获成功,手术时间90～185 min.术后平均住院6d.无中转开腹及死亡病例,无术后严重并发症.术后随访1～24个月,32例临床症状完全消失,1例明显好转.结论:对于胃食管反流性疾病,腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Long-Term Results (6–10 Years) of Laparoscopic Fundoplication

Most papers report excellent results of laparoscopic fundoplication but with relatively short follow-up. Only few studies have a follow-up longer than 5 years. We prospectively collected data of 399 consecutive patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernia who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication between January 1992 and June 2005. Preoperative workup included symptoms questionnaire, videoesophagogram, upper endoscopy, manometry, and pH-metry. Postoperative clinical/functional studies were performed at 1, 6, 12 months, and thereafter every other year. Patients were divided into four groups: GERD with nonerosive esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernia. Surgical failures were considered as follows: (1) recurrence of GERD symptoms or abnormal 24-h pH monitoring; (2) recurrence of endoscopic esophagitis; (3) recurrence of hiatal hernia/slipped fundoplication on endoscopy/barium swallow; (4) postoperative onset of dysphagia; (5) postoperative onset of gas bloating. One hundred and forty-five patients (87 M:58 F) were operated between January 1992 and June 1999: 80 nonerosive esophagitis, 29 erosive esophagitis, 17 Barrett’s esophagus, and 19 large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernias. At a median follow-up of 97 months, the success rate was 74% for surgery only and 86% for primary surgery and ‘complementary’ treatments (21 patients: 13 redo surgery and eight endoscopic dilations). Dysphagia and recurrence of reflux were the most frequent causes of failure for nonerosive esophagitis patients; recurrence of hernia was prevalent among patients with large paraesophageal/mixed hiatal hernia. Gas bloating (causing failure) was reported by nonerosive esophagitis patients only. At last follow-up, 115 patients were off ‘proton-pump inhibitors’; 30 were still on medications (eight for causes unrelated to GERD). Conclusion confirms that laparoscopic fundoplication provides effective, long-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hernia recurrence and dysphagia are its weak points.     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术8例报告

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝的经验。方法:回顾分析2004年5月至2009年3月我院采用腹腔镜手术治疗8例食管裂孔疝患者的临床资料,其中食管旁疝(Ⅱ型)3例,混合型疝(Ⅲ型)5例,伴有轻度胃食管返流2例,中度或重度6例。行食管裂孔修补+Toupet胃底折叠术4例,食管裂孔修补+Nissen 360°胃底折叠术4例,其中2例行专用补片修补术。结果:8例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹或开胸手术。手术时间2.2～6.5h,平均3.2h,术后1例发生一过性皮下气肿,2例出现暂时性吞咽困难,均经保守治疗缓解,全组患者原有症状均明显好转或完全消失。术后住院4～16d,平均10d,随访10～26个月,平均18个月,无复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝具有患者创伤小、康复快等特点,临床效果满意,值得推广。     

Preliminary study of hiatal hernia repair using polyglycolic acid: trimethylene carbonate mesh

Background:

Repairing large hiatal hernias using mesh has been shown to reduce recurrence. Drawbacks to mesh include added time to place and secure the prosthesis as well as complications such as esophageal erosion. We used a laparoscopic technique for repair of hiatal hernias (HH) >5cm, incorporating primary crural repair with onlay fixation of a synthetic polyglycolicacid:trimethylene carbonate (PGA:TMC) absorbable tissue reinforcement. The purpose of this report is to present short-term follow-up data.

Methods:

Patients with hiatal hernia types I-III and defects >5cm were included. Primary closure of the hernia defect was performed using interrupted nonpledgeted sutures, followed by PGA:TMC mesh onlay fixed with absorbable tacks. A fundoplication was then performed. Evaluation of patients was carried out at routine follow-up visits. Outcomes measured were symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or other symptoms suspicious for recurrence. Patients exhibiting these complaints underwent further evaluation including radiographic imaging and endoscopy.

Results:

Follow-up data were analyzed on 11 patients. Two patients were male; 9 were female. The mean age was 60 years. The mean length of follow-up was 13 months. There were no complications related to the mesh. One patient suffered from respiratory failure, one from gas bloat syndrome, and another had a superficial port-site infection. One patient developed a recurrent hiatal hernia.

Conclusions:

In this small series, laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernias >5cm with onlay fixation of PGA:TMC tissue reinforcement has short-term outcomes with a reasonably low recurrence rate. However, due to the preliminary and nonrandomized nature of the data, no strong comparison can be made with other types of mesh repairs. Additional data collection is warranted.     

Crura ultrastructural alterations in patients with hiatal hernia: a pilot study

Background Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia has been validated worldwide in the past decade. However, hiatal hernia recurrence still represents the most frequent long-term complication after primary repair. Different techniques for hiatal closure have been recommended, but the problem remains unsolved. The authors theorized that ultrastructural alterations may be implicated in hiatal hernia. Thus, this study was undertaken to investigate the presence of these alterations in patients with or without hiatal hernia. Methods Samples from Laimer–Bertelli connective membrane and muscular crura at the esophageal hiatus were collected from 19 patients with GERD and hiatal hernia (HH group), and from 7 patients without hiatal hernia enrolled as the control group (NHH group). Specimens were processed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Muscle and connective samples from the NHH group did not present any ultrastructural alteration that could be detected by transmission electron microscopy. Similarly, connective samples from the HH group showed no ultrastructural alterations. In contrast, all muscle samples from the HH group exhibited sarcolemmal alterations, subsarcolemmal vacuolar degeneration, extended disruption of sarcotubular complexes, increased intermyofibrillar spaces, and sarcomere splitting. Conclusion The evidence of ultrastructural alterations in all the patients in the HH group raises the suspicion that the long-term outcomes of antireflux surgery depend not only on the surgical technique, but also on the underlying muscular diaphragmatic illness. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair in 221 Patients: Outcomes and Experience

Background and Objectives:

Hiatal hernia is a common condition often associated with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LHHR) with biologic mesh to reduce and/or alleviate GERD symptoms and associated hiatal hernia recurrence.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive LHHR procedures with biologic mesh performed by a single surgeon from July 2009 to October 2014. The primary efficacy outcome measures were relief from GERD symptoms, as measured according to the GERD–health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) scale and hiatal hernia recurrence. A secondary outcome measure was overall safety of the procedure.

Results:

A total of 221 patients underwent LHHR with biologic mesh during the study period, and pre- and postoperative GERD-HRQL studies were available for 172 of them. At baseline (preoperative), the mean GERD-HRQL score for all procedures was 18.5 ± 14.4. At follow-up (mean, 14.5 ± 11.0 months [range, 2.0–56.0]), the score showed a statistically significant decline to a mean of 4.4 ± 7.5 (P < .0001). To date, 8 patients (3.6%, 8/221) have had a documented anatomic hiatal hernia recurrence. However, a secondary hiatal hernia repair reoperation was necessary in only 1 patient. Most complications were minor (dysphagia, nausea and vomiting). However, there was 1 death caused by a hemorrhage that occurred 1 week after surgery.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair using biologic mesh, both with and without a simultaneous bariatric or antireflux procedure, is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option for management of hiatal hernia, prevention of recurrence, and relief of symptomatic GERD.