股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

Distal femoral allograft for massive proximal femoral deficiency

Background?Although indomethacin is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty, side effects are frequently observed. In the last decade a new class of drugs—the COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—has been developed. To investigate the effect of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs on heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), we conducted a randomized controlled trial using either indomethacin or rofecoxib for 7 days.

Methods?186 patients received either indomethacin 3 times daily, or rofecoxib twice, and 1 placebo, daily for 7 days. HO was graded according to the 1-year postoperative radiographs according to the Brooker classification.

Results?12 of the 186 patients included discontinued their medication before the end of the trial due to side effects. The remaining 174 patients were included in the analysis. In the indomethacin group (n = 89), 77 patients (87%) showed no HO, 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification. In the rofecoxib group (n = 85) 73 patients (86%) showed no ossification, 9 showed grade 1, and 3 showed grade 2.

Interpretation?The prophylactic effect of rofecoxib for 7 days in preventing heteropic ossification after primary total hip arthroplasty is comparable to the effect of indomethacin given for 7 days. These results indicate that the development of HO follows a COX-2 pathway.     

Simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral varus osteotomies for femoral retroversion and genu valgum

Whereas excess femoral anteversion and its related symptoms have been described many times, excess femoral retroversion is less well documented. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who had a history of chronic bilateral hip and knee pain and evidence of excess femoral retroversion, genu valgum, early-onset lateral and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis of both knees, and hip arthritis. She experienced symptomatic relief after undergoing staged bilateral simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral lateral opening wedge osteotomies. Although this combination of alignment problems is not an infrequent clinical occurrence, we have found no literature on this condition or treatment. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.     

Anterograde femoral nail for the treatment of femoral metastases

Introduction  Intramedullary nailing is a common technique for the treatment of impending and pathological fractures of the femur due to bone metastases when diaphysis or metadiaphysis is involved. Reconstructive nailing is currently used in the treatment of subtrochanteric involvements for reducing the risk of fracture above the nail. The aim of this study is to assess the results of a consecutive series of 13 impending or complete femoral fractures due to metastastic localization treated with anterograde femoral nail (Synthes). Patients and methods  Thirteen cases of femoral metastases in patients afflicted by multiple bone localization were considered in this series. Indications were femoral fracture or prophilactic stabilization in the case of osteolysis with a fracture risk defined according to Mirels’ criteria. Titanium anterograde femoral nail was used in all the cases. The proximal part was 17 mm in diameter in all the cases; nail diameter ranged from 10 to 12 mm, and nail was distally locked with two screws inserted in a static mode. Biopsy for confirming the diagnosis was routinely performed. Nail was locked with two distal screws inserted in a static mode and two proximal full screws with recon mode. Discussion  The improvement of the quality of life, with no mechanical problems (screw breakage or implant failure), was observed in this series. Two patients died within 6 months after operation; the others were alive at the time of follow-up (maximum follow-up of 16 months). Results  Results confirmed that intramedullary reconstructive-locked nailing is the treatment of choice in plurimetastatic patients afflicted by impending/or complete femoral fracture. These results suggest that reconstructive nailing using an AFN may be considered a useful strategy for the treatment of diaphyseal and metaphyseal femoral metastatic lesions.     

Extensively porous-coated femoral revision for severe femoral bone loss

Of 275 femoral revisions done at our institution from 1982 to 1986, we identified 34 patients (35 hips) who represented the senior author's (C.A.E., Sr.) most difficult revision cases as a result of extensive femoral bone loss at least 10 cm below the lesser trochanter. The patients were revised with fully porous-coated femoral components ≥190 mm. We evaluated 25 of the patients (26 hips) who had a minimum 10-year follow-up (mean, 13.3 years). Survivorship was 89% at 10 years with femoral revision as the endpoint (Kaplan-Meier). The femoral aseptic loosening rate was 15% (4 of 26). Three stems were loose but did not warrant reoperation. One stem was revised for aseptic loosening, 1 was revised for septic loosening, and 1 was revised for a fractured femoral component. Bypassing weak or absent femoral bone with an extensively porous-coated stem is an effective reconstructive technique for patients with extensive femoral bone loss.     

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis following ipsilateral femoral fracture.

Two cases of femoral fracture with a subsequent complication of ipsilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis point out the possible deleterious effects of angular deformity of the proximal femur during the adolescent growth spurt.     

股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死

简要叙述股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的早期诊断和坏死预测等的最新进展。为使骨折后骨坏死尽量减少，早期手术和关节穿刺减压，避免髋关节放置在伸直及内旋位是必要的，建议屈曲位牵引。应用Gd-DTPA增强MRI T1脂肪浸润扫描，可预测股骨头坏死的可能性。建议将股骨头坏死分为静息型骨坏死和临床型骨坏死．     

Proximal femoral nail for treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of 87 consecutive patients treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN) for trochanteric femoral fractures. METHODS: 17 men and 70 women aged 58 to 95 (mean, 85) years with trochanteric femoral fractures underwent PFN fixation using an intramedullary nail, a lag screw, and a hip pin. Fractures were classified according to the AO system; the most common fracture type was A2 (n=45), followed by A1 (n=36) and A3 (n=6). The position of the lag screw within the femoral head was measured. The lateral slide of the lag screw after fracture consolidation was measured by comparing the immediate postoperative and final anteroposterior radiographs. RESULTS: 90% of lag screws were placed in an optimal position. The length of lateral slide of the lag screw in stable A1 fractures was significantly less than that in unstable A2 fractures; it was over 10 mm in 7 of 45 patients with A2 fractures. Cut-out of lag screw did not occur, suggesting that free sliding of the lag screw facilitates direct impaction between fragments. CONCLUSION: A PFN is useful for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures.     

The femoral canal: the key to femoral herniorrhaphy

It is conceded by many Authors that femoral hernias not uncommonly result from a previous inguinal herniorrhaphy. Why? A clear visualization of the femoral canal is hampered by the confusing structure of two of its components, the iliopubic tract and the lacunar ligament. Both entities have horizontal as well as vertical extensions. Therefore, a clear understanding of the femoral canal anatomy requires an appreciation of its three dimensional character. The various approaches to femoral hernia are documented. Obliteration of the entire canal by means of a "plug" prosthesis which occludes both the entrance and exit of the canal offers a simple and very effective means of correction. The results of the surgery are documented.     

Cementless femoral reconstruction in patients with proximal femoral deformity

Distorted proximal femoral anatomy can pose a great technical challenge during total hip arthroplasty. Fifty-eight total hip arthroplasty were performed in 51 patients with proximal femoral deformity from 1998 to 2006. All hips except 2 were treated with cementless prosthesis. Twenty-three patients had a retained hardware that had to be removed. Nonprimary cementless components were used in 22 (25%) femurs. In 21 (23%) hips, osteotomy was required to properly fit the cementless stem in the femur. At the time of latest follow-up (4 years on average), functional scores showed significant improvement. Radiographically, all femoral components showed stable bone ingrowth except 2 hips (3.5%) with stable fibrous ingrowth and 1 hip (2%) with loosening. There were 2 (3.5%) revisions in 2 patients for periprosthetic fracture and femoral loosening. The mechanical failure rate was 9% (5 hips). Despite technical difficulties, cementless femoral reconstruction provides a reliable and durable result in patients with proximal femoral deformity.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉和股骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)和股骨近端锁定钢板(PFLP)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法将120例老年股骨转子间骨折患者按照治疗方法分为两组(各60例),分别应用PFNA、PFLP治疗,对两组手术疗效进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~18个月。PFNA组的切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症发生率均少于PFLP组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);骨折愈合时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PFNA组患侧髋关节功能优良率虽高于PFLP组(95.0%vs 81.7%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗老年股骨转子间骨折具有创伤小、操作简单、手术时间短、骨折端固定牢固、愈合良好等优点。     

磁力导航股骨重建钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折

股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折多发生于青壮年,为高能量损伤所致,常伴有多发伤,治疗难度大.2006年3月～2008年9月,我科应用磁力导航股骨重建钉治疗股骨干中上段合并同侧股骨颈骨折9例,疗效满意.     

股骨近段钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨股骨近段钉（PFN）治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对56例股骨转子间骨折患者采用PFN进行固定，对各患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能、并发症进行记录分析，评价其临床疗效。结果手术时间平均66min，术中出血平均370ml。所有患者获随访，时间5～20个月。骨折平均愈合时间为12．6周；2例发生异位骨化并发症。参照Sanders髋功能评分标准：优42例，良10例，中4例，优良率达93.5％。结论PFN是治疗股骨转子间骨折的有效方法。