Posterolateral approach

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is effective and technically feasible for treating various hematological diseases, especially idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). An anterior approach to the vascular pedicle is usually described. However, in this approach to the splenic hilum, the dissection of the splenic artery is often difficult. A total of 13 patients with ITP underwent elective laparoscopic splenectomy. We utilized a laparoscopic posterolateral approach involving dissection of the suspensory ligaments at the lower pole, then dissection and division of the posterolateral attachments, followed by the dissection and ligation of all splenic branches near the splenic parenchyma. This procedure was completed in 11 of our 13 patients and converted to open surgery in the other two patients. Mean operative time was 3 h; mean postoperative stay was 3 days. No blood transfusion was required, and no complications were noted in the postoperative period. The posterolateral approach provides better visualization and control of branches of the splenic vein and artery in the splenic hilum. It also permits visualization and control of surgical hemorrhage through the operating ports. Received: 24 January 1997/Accepted: 28 October 1997     

腹腔镜肾上腺切除术:经腹与后腹腔途径的比较

目的 报道经腹与后腹腔途径腹腔镜肾上腺切除术的技术特点与操作体会.方法 从2001年7月至2006年8月,共收治46例肾上腺腺瘤患者,其中有分泌功能肾上腺皮质腺瘤38例,无分泌功能的腺瘤5例;嗜咯细胞瘤3例.平均年龄35岁(24～56岁),男28例,女18例.体积≤5 cm肿瘤31例;> 5cm肿瘤15例.46例患者随机分为两组:经腹途径组和后腹腔途径组,分别按不同入路完成肾上腺切除手术.结果 手术时间、出血量、并发症、住院时间和术后恢复过程,经腹和后腹腔途径两组之间均无统计学差异.结论 经腹途径和后腹腔途径均可安全完成腹腔镜肾上腺切除手术.     

高位髂腹股沟入路治疗累及四方区髋臼骨折

 目的 探讨高位髂腹股沟入路治疗累及四方区髋臼骨折术后疗效、影像学结果及围手术期并发症。方法 回顾性分析 2010 年 10 月至 2012 年 11 月,采用高位髂腹股沟入路治疗 22 例累及四方区的髋臼骨折患者资料,男 12 例,女10例;年龄 16~62岁,平均 35.2岁。根据 Letournel-Judet分型：双柱骨折 6例,前柱骨折 12例,前柱伴后半横行骨折 2例,横行骨折 1例,“T”形骨折 1例。术后骨折复位情况根据 Judet位骨盆 X线片,按照 Matta标准进行评价,髋关节功能按照改良 Merle D'Aubigné评分进行评价。结果 22例患者均获得随访,随访时间 9~28个月,平均 13.5个月。根据骨折复位的 Matta标准：解剖复位 15例（68.18%,15/22）,满意复位 5例（22.73%,5/22）,不满意复位 2例（9.09%,2/22）,满意率为 90.91%。末次随访时,Merle D’Aubigné评分为 10~18分,平均 16.7分,其中优 16例,良 4例,差 2例,优良率为 90.91%（20/22）。无一例形成腹股沟疝或腹壁疝,其中 2例患者出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状,1例出现血管损伤,1例出现伤口脂肪液化。结论 高位髂腹股沟入路是一种治疗复杂骨盆髋臼骨折,特别是累及四方区髋臼骨折的一种新入路,可克服经典髂腹股沟入路和改良 Stoppa 入路的缺点,直视四方区和死亡冠,更好地复位和固定骨折。     

经会阴和经直肠途径前列腺穿刺活检并发症的比较分析

目的:比较经直肠及经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术并发症的发生率,研究发生原因及处理方法.方法:统计北京医院1998～2007年间前列腺穿刺的患者,检索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库2000～2007年间发表有关前列腺穿刺活检术的文献,对并发症数据进行分析比较.结果:北京医院780例经直肠前列腺穿刺活检并发症发生率:肉眼血尿46.3%、血便8.7%、直肠出血0.5%、泌尿生殖系统感染0.9%、排尿困难0.6%、急性尿潴留0.6%、发热1.9%和血管迷走神经反射0.1%.检索前列腺穿刺相关文献共11篇,经直肠组7篇,经会阴组4篇.总例数分别为:2 244例和1 068例.两种穿刺方法阳性率分别为:32.7%和27.4%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组并发症发生率经直肠组显著多于经会阴组(P<0.01).结论:经直肠与经会阴两种穿刺方式阳性率相似.经会阴前列腺穿刺的并发症少于经直肠前列腺穿刺.     

前、后入路腹股沟疝修补术的疗效观察

目的探讨腹股沟疝前、后入路修补术的疗效及特点。方法回顾性分析应用巴德补片前(40例)、后(27例)入路修补腹股沟疝67例的临床资料。结果40例前入路单侧手术平均时间(58.90±6.54)min,平均住院天数(5.21±0.86)d。阴囊血肿1例,髂腹股沟神经痛2例,自觉手术区牵拉感5例,无一例切口感染。术后随访3~26个月,无一例复发,并发症发生率7.5%。27例后入路单侧手术平均时间(40.59±5.81)min,平均住院天数(4.73±0.71)d。无切口感染、阴囊血肿和髂腹股沟神经痛病例,无手术区牵拉感。术后随访3~12个月无一例复发,并发症的发生率为0。结论后入路Kugel疝修补术是一种全新的无张力、微创、全腹股沟修补技术,较前入路疝环填塞式修补术具有创伤更小、恢复更快、学习曲线短、并发症更少的特点。     

New approach to the nasopharynx: the maxillary swing approach

A new approach to expose the nasopharynx and the paranasopharyngeal space is described. The maxilla, severed from its bony connections, is swung laterally to provide exposure of the nasopharynx. Tumors in the nasopharynx and the paranasopharyngeal space can be adequately resected and tubings for afterloading brachytherapy can be positioned accurately during surgery. The blood supply of the maxilla is from the attached cheek flap and masseter muscle. Three illustrative cases are presented. The wounds in all of them healed primarily with minimal morbidity. The only disadvantage is the development of mild trismus, which responded to conservative treatment.     

Transmanubrial approach combined with video-assisted approach for superior sulcus tumors

Surgical resection after chemoradiotherapy with strict patient selection is an established treatment for superior sulcus tumors. Several surgical approaches have been described, but surgery for superior sulcus tumors is still a challenge. Among the approaches, the anterior transmanubrial approach has been reported to provide good access to apical chest tumors. A technique for video-assisted thoracic surgery combined with the anterior transmanubrial approach for superior sulcus tumor is reported.