疫情下口腔医学研究生教学管理的探讨

目的：探讨新型冠状病毒疫情影响下不同阶段研究生教学的应急管理措施,为研究生教学管理工作提供参考与探讨。方法：从加强疫情防控工作、调整研究生培养方案、保证“停课不停学”、做好心理疏导工作、准备全面返校复学、制定后疫情时代培养方案等方面探讨新型冠状病毒疫情影响下,不同阶段重庆医科大学口腔医学院研究生教学的管理工作。结果：疫情期间,重庆医科大学口腔医学院研究生无新冠肺炎确诊病例发生,研究生培养工作进展顺利,并以本次疫情为契机加强院感培训,提高口腔医学研究生对突发公共卫生事件的应对能力。结论：应对突发公共卫生事件,我院采取对研究生精准分类,及时调整培养方案;重视线上教学,弥补不能线下教学的不足;做好学生思想工作,为全面复学做准备;后疫情时代,提高对口腔医学研究生应对突发公共卫生事件能力培养的重视。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期口腔专科感染防控的应急管理

本文根据国家有关新型冠状病毒感染防控要求和突发公共卫生事件应急条例,以及口腔专科的临床诊疗特点,参考国内外口腔诊疗中感染防控相关指南和文献,结合医院疫情期口腔诊疗中感染防控的应急管理工作举措,提出应对此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期医院感染防控的建议,重点聚焦疫情期医务人员防护培训及医院感染防控落实等方面,旨在为口腔专科在疫情发生期快速应对新型冠状病毒感染防控的应急管理提供参考。     

重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应下口腔疾病临床研究工作指导建议

新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情发展迅速,各地相继启动突发公共卫生事件一级响应。新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发,对包括口腔疾病在内的临床研究的开展带来了巨大挑战。鉴于口腔疾病专业特点与诊疗操作的特殊性,保障临床研究受试者和相关从业人员的健康与权益、规范临床研究的实施尤为必要。结合国家卫生健康委员会颁发的相关规范标准,并参考部分临床研究相关组织发布的临床试验管理共识和中华口腔医学会制定的疫情期间口腔疾病治疗规范,特制订口腔疾病临床研究工作指导建议,为重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应下口腔疾病临床研究的开展提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫期口腔患者的心理干预

突发公共卫生事件可对公众心理产生影响。新型冠状病毒疫情暴发影响了全国口腔医疗机构正常开展诊疗服务,口腔门诊延期等应对措施可对口腔疾病患者的体验、认知、治疗和康复等方面产生潜在影响。本文通过文献复习,对口腔黏膜病、颞下颌关节病、磨牙症、牙周病等与患者心理状态密切相关的口腔心身疾病进行回顾,认为这些患者可能更容易受到应激事件的影响,需要口腔专科医师提高关注度。同时分析了不同口腔疾病患者可能出现的心理应激症状,为口腔医师远程咨询和急诊接诊提出建议。疫情期间口腔医师不仅承担了口腔专业指导的专家角色,还承担了帮助患者进行心理疏导的角色。     

口腔医生对门诊突发医疗事件及处理认知水平的调查

目的了解北京地区口腔医生对门诊突发医疗事件及处理的认知水平,探讨提高口腔医生急救处理能力的方式。方法采用自行设计调查问卷,对北京696名口腔医生进行常见门诊突发医疗事件及紧急处理能力的调查,对数据进行描述和统计分析。结果口腔医生门诊常遇到的13项突发医疗事件中,晕厥、低血糖、轻度过敏反应、体位性低血压发生频率位居前4位,分别为65.92%、51.27%、34.53%、21.08%。不足30%的口腔医生充分了解基础生命支持-心肺复苏(BLS-CPR)的相关知识。非营利性、二或三级医疗机构的口腔医生急救能力高于在营利性、规模小的医疗机构的口腔医生。结论应提高口腔医生应对突发医疗事件的认识和预防意识,加强基本急救能力的培养,口腔医学院应开展急救实践操作训练以提高口腔医生综合执业能力。     

口腔诊疗中突发医疗事件防范

口腔诊疗的各个环节中都存在突发意外医疗事件的可能。患者的焦虑、恐惧、口腔治疗中的不适和疼痛,手术中所使用的局部麻醉药,以及患者全身系统性疾病如癫痫、心血管疾病和甲状腺功能亢进症等,均可影响口腔治疗,增加治疗风险。因此,是否采取适当的口腔治疗对防范突发医疗事件的发生十分重要。     

A survey on the cognition of emergency and treatment during outpatient service among dentists

目的 了解北京地区口腔医生对门诊突发医疗事件及处理的认知水平,探讨提高口腔医生急救处理能力的方式.方法 采用自行设计调查问卷,对北京696名口腔医生进行常见门诊突发医疗事件及紧急处理能力的调查,对数据进行描述和统计分析.结果 口腔医生门诊常遇到的13项突发医疗事件中,晕厥、低血糖、轻度过敏反应、体位性低血压发生频率位居前4位,分别为65.92%、51.27%、34.53%、21.08%.不足30%的口腔医生充分了解基础生命支持-心肺复苏(BLS-CPR)的相关知识.非营利性、二或三级医疗机构的口腔医生急救能力高于在营利性、规模小的医疗机构的口腔医生.结论 应提高口腔医生应对突发医疗事件的认识和预防意识,加强基本急救能力的培养,口腔医学院应开展急救实践操作训练以提高口腔医生综合执业能力.     

口腔诊疗中新型冠状病毒感染的防控

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在短期内扩散至全球多个国家和地区,确诊和死亡病例数持续上升,成为被世界卫生组织认定的"国际关注的突发公共卫生事件"。正确的防控措施可以阻断新型冠状病毒在医院内的传播,降低感染风险,有效防止疫情进一步扩散。口腔专业因诊疗操作的特殊性,交叉感染的风险较高,严格的防控措施尤其重要。本文从新型冠状病毒的流行病学特点、口腔诊疗医院感染特点、患者评估以及诊疗操作和环境的防控等方面进行阐述,并提出相应的建议。     

新冠肺炎疫情复工复产期间口腔外科门诊手术室的院感防控策略

当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控形势持续向好,但随着复工复产和境外人员输入,疫情仍存在较大风险。正确落实各项防控措施,降低感染发生和传播的风险,同时有序开放口腔外科门诊手术,保障广大患者的就诊需求,是目前口腔外科门诊手术室面临的重要问题。本文梳理了当前复工复产和境外人员输入时期新型冠状病毒肺炎控制的难点和问题,根据突发公共卫生事件应急响应级别,制订并适时调整对应的院感防控策略,提出了当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情复工复产期间口腔外科门诊手术室的院感防控策略,以供临床参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下提高口腔种植门诊诊疗工作的安全性

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)的爆发和传播,成为被世界卫生组织认定的“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”[1],对口腔种植门诊的诊疗和护理带来巨大的挑战。口腔种植门诊诊疗操作的特殊性,新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行病学特点,使口腔医务人员成为新型冠状病毒肺炎感染的高危群体,疫情存在口腔操作中爆发的危险。本文根据对新型冠状病毒防控的总体要求,结合口腔种植门诊的专业特点,制定相关护理防控措施,保证护理工作有序进行,提高诊疗工作的安全性。本文内容涉及预检分诊、不同工作场景下的防护及提高口腔种植门诊诊疗环境安全性等,提出了疫情下的口腔护理防护策略,达到保护医护人员和患者健康的目的,以期为口腔种植门诊在疫情期的护理防控工作提供参考。     

The dental care for students]

The progression of stomatological morbidity and the extent of the stomatological care of students were re-examined after two years, in a random sample of students previously studied. One third of the students who had been asked by post to come was re-examined; one third of them was not contacted because they had changed their residences and could not be reached by post; and one third did not respond. The high morbidity as well as the present situation of treatment requires an improvement in the stomatological care of the students by the territorial public health services of the town where they go to the university.     

口腔医疗机构艾滋病职业暴露及职业防护的研究进展

艾滋病（AIDS）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的一类传染性极强、蔓延速度快、病死率高的传染性疾病,是我国公众健康及传染病防治中的一个难题。口腔诊疗工作的特征,使口腔医疗机构/口腔科成为HIV/AIDS职业暴露的重点部门,医务人员面临较高的HIV/AIDS职业暴露风险。本研究对HIV/AIDS的流行状况及传播途径、HIV/AIDS患者口腔病变、口腔医疗机构HIV/AIDS职业暴露及职业防护的现状进行综述。     

口腔医疗机构艾滋病职业暴露及职业防护的研究进展

艾滋病（AIDS）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的一类传染性极强、蔓延速度快、病死率高的传染性疾病,是我国公众健康及传染病防治中的一个难题。口腔诊疗工作的特征,使口腔医疗机构/口腔科成为HIV/AIDS职业暴露的重点部门,医务人员面临较高的HIV/AIDS职业暴露风险。本研究对HIV/AIDS的流行状况及传播途径、HIV/AIDS患者口腔病变、口腔医疗机构HIV/AIDS职业暴露及职业防护的现状进行综述。     

Health problems of the stomatognathic system in the Polish population covered by stomatological health care. Place of residence and work

The condition of the stomatognathic system was studied in 5682 adult patients attending stomatological care services in regional outpatient clinics, health service centres, and industrial health service units in 6 provinces. Most frequently, the patients came to these services with emergency symptoms. Poor state of teeth was observed in all these service units, but the worst oral hygiene and the highest percent of parodontal diseases were found in industrial health service institutions. In this group tooth loss was most frequent. These results indicate that the stomatological health care in industrial service units despite an above average equipment of dental care rooms, better availability of dental care, and sufficient staffing is not better than in the stomatological care units available to the general population.     

Expert criteria of prosthetic stomatological treatment quality control

Expert evaluation of professional mistakes and unfavourable outcome when delivering stomatological prosthetic should be based upon medical-economical, structural-organizational and other standards of stomatological help determining borders, completeness and adequacy of fulfilled procedures, prosthetic treatment quality and other characteristics. Carrying out of comprehensive forensic medical examination without taking into account all set forth above circumstances does not meet the modern requirements of civil legal proceedings.     

参与式教学模式在口腔健康教育课程改革中的应用

目的：探索参与式教学方法在口腔健康教育课程中的应用,评价其对培养适合现代医学发展的全方位口腔医学专业应用型人才的可能作用。方法：在南昌大学口腔医学院的2005级60名本科生中采用传统的理论授课教学模式,对2006—2007级120名本科生采用参与式教学模式,以注重实践的方式开展口腔健康教育课程,课程结束后对教学效果进行问卷调查及评价。结果：问卷调查显示,学生对2种授课方式是否对学习有所帮助和对学生自身能力有所提高以及两种教学方式可行性的评价都具有显著差异。结论：针对本科生的口腔健康教育课程实行参与式教学是可行的,可以提高学生的综合素质,培养学生的人文素养和科学素养,符合国内口腔医学专业人才的培养目标,顺应教学改革的发展趋势。     

口腔专科医院职工体检结果及职业健康状况的分析

目的了解口腔专科医院职工的健康状况,促进预防保健工作。方法对某口腔专科医院431名职工2012年体格检查资料进行分析,按照性别、年龄、职业分组,进行计算和统计学分析。结果检查431人,其中男性122人、女性309人。共检出异常239人,各种疾病或指标异常30种,人均患病1.58种。男性患病率最高的前3种疾病分别是:高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血压;女性患病率最高的前3种疾病分别是:高脂血症、脂肪肝和乳腺小叶增生。高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血压等疾病患病率随年龄逐渐升高,年龄患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。口腔医师高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血压的患病率高于其他职工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论口腔专科医院职工的健康状况不容乐观,年龄、职业因素、不良生活方式可能是影响身体健康的主要因素,应加强预防保健工作。     

Caries prevalence in people aged over 50 years living in the province of Lublin

A group of 2022 people aged over 50 years were examined in a search for possible effects of various social features on the condition of teeth. Each feature was recorded in a special inquiry and then all data were put in order, and subjected to statistical and epidemiological-demographic analysis. The examination demonstrated a very bad condition of teeth in males and females. Thus the greatest number of carietic teeth, that is 2.21 per 14.92% of complete denture was in the group aged 50-55 years. A very high proportion of carietic teeth (21.55%) was in the individuals never receiving stomatological services and those who had never had proper stomatological care (1.11%). The obtained results show a considerable relationship between the persisting teeth and the availability of stomatological treatment, distance from the place of residence to specialist outpatient clinic, and the need for teeth treatment which was not felt by a high proportion of these people. Most of them came to the dentist only with strong pain. The bad condition of teeth in this group was caused by lack of adequate stomatological health education, lack of adequate prophylactic care, and lack of early treatment of stomatognathic system.     

Stomatology and odontology: perspectives of Spanish professors and senior lecturers in dentistry

The curricula of dental faculties in many countries of the European Union can be described as odontological. The faculties of some of the countries who have become and are becoming members of the European Community have traditionally educated dentists in the stomatological tradition. In 1987, the Spanish dental education system initiated movement from the stomatological model to the odontological. Both models have their respective strengths and weaknesses. This study surveyed professors and senior lecturers in Spain’s public dental faculties to assess their perspectives on 10 items related to the tension between the odontological and the stomatological approach to preparing dentists. Amongst other things, the results of the study indicate that the respondents believe the odontological model, with its emphasis on strengthening technical qualifications, may not prepare individuals for dental practice better than the stomatology tradition; and that the odontological model results in the loss of the strength of the stomatological model, that is, the strong foundation in clinical medicine. The suggestion is advanced that European dental educators consider revising the odontology curriculum to strengthen the education of dental students in clinical medicine. A curriculum in which dental and medical students share the first 3 years of study could accomplish this. It is further suggested that subsequent years in the curriculum be flexible enough for students to earn degrees in both dentistry and medicine, if desired. Such an approach is not inconsistent with the accepted profile and competencies of the European dentist.     

Implementation of public health genomics and applications to public health dentistry

National and state public health genomics efforts exist to effectively and responsibly translate genome-based knowledge to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Over the past two decades, public health genomics efforts have utilized the core public health functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. Current evidence for a small number of genomic applications suggests that many lives could be saved if these were implemented in recommended populations. With the drastic increase in new genetic tests and technologies, multidisciplinary public health genomics efforts that should include public health dentistry are of greater importance. There is a need to integrate public health dentistry in efforts to increase use of evidence-based genomic tests and services to improve health outcomes. Additionally, public health genomic efforts also are utilized to promote awareness about the insufficient evidence of the validity, utility and ethical, legal, and social implications for the vast majority of genomic tests. This is demonstrated by a recent genetic testing policy statement and educational resources from the American Dental Association. These organizational efforts should be considered in other realms of public health genomics to ensure that only genetic tests and preventive services with sufficient evidence for use are being implemented in clinical and public health.