BLB种植体周骨缺损修复的影像学研究

目的:探讨生物膜对不同范围骨缺损再生修复的影响.方法:在犬两侧股骨内植入种植体并形成水平宽度3 mm、垂直深度5 mm、水平长度分别为0、1、2、3、4mm的标准梯度骨缺损,实验侧直接拉拢缝合,对照侧覆盖生物膜后缝合.术后3个月处死动物,取含种植体的骨段进行影像学观察.结果:3 mm以下缺损区无论有无生物膜骨密度与周围骨组织密度无明显差异;4 mm缺损骨密度有膜组高于无膜组.结论:生物膜对3mm以下骨缺损骨组织的再生修复无明显影响,对较大范围骨缺损的修复有重要作用.     

人工(牙合)干扰部位对下颌侧方运动轨迹的影响

目的:观察人工(牙合)干扰部位对下颌侧方运动中下颌切点运动轨迹的影响,并探讨其意义.方法:应用Arcus DigMa三维下颌运动轨迹描记系统,检查下颌侧方运动中切点运动轨迹随人工(牙合)干扰部位变化而发生的改变.采用SAS 9.0软件包分析人工(牙合)干扰部位与下颌侧方运动中切点在矢状轴、垂直轴、水平轴上的运动轨迹的相关性,并试建立直线回归方程.结果:随着人工(牙合)干扰部位的后移,不论下颌向干扰侧或向非干扰侧运动,切点在矢状轴和垂直轴的运动距离均无显著规律,与人工猞干扰部位也无明显相关性;而在水平轴则都有逐渐增大的趋势,并在水平轴上得到人工(牙合)干扰部位与下颌切点运动距离的直线回归混合效应模型.向干扰侧运动时,(y)=8.2262 0.1082x1,δ=0.1786,P＜0.001;向非干扰侧运动时,(y)=9.1098 0.07099x1-0.02650x2,δ=0.05989,P＜0.001.配对t检验比较发现,下颌向干扰侧运动时,切点在水平轴的运动距离大于向非干扰侧运动时.结论:随人工猞干扰部位的后移,侧方运动中,下颌向外侧的可移动幅度增大,并呈现一定的线性规律.     

正畸治疗病人期望值的调查

目的:研究社会心理因素对正畸病人期望值的影响.方法:随机抽取正畸治疗初诊病人162名及家长38名进行问卷调查.正畸病人年龄12～40岁,其中男44名,女118名,家长38名,采用"正畸病人期望值调查表"对病人及家长进行问卷调查.结果:①不同人文背景的总体期望值不同;女性病人高于男性病人,成年病人高于未成年病人,成年人已婚病人高于未婚病人,成年人本科以上病人高于本科以下病人.②不论男女都对"自我形象"、"口腔功能"方面要求较高,对"总体健康"、"社会交往"方面要求较低.不同性别对"社会交往"方面有差异,男性高于女性;不同性别对"总体健康"方面有差异,女性高于男性.③未成年病人与父母总体期望值无差异;都对"自我形象"、"口腔功能"方面要求较高,对"总体健康"、"社会交往"方面要求较低.结论:社会心理因素对病人及家长正畸期望值有诸多影响.     

乳光瓷反射荧光的测量与分析

目的 对Ceramco、Shofu、Noritake和Vita共22种不同颜色的乳先瓷样本的反射荧光进行测量和分析.方法 采用分光光谱仪测量乳光瓷样本的L*、a*、b*值,计算反射模式下的荧光(色差).绘制荧光光谱曲线.按品牌和颜色因素对反射荧光均值进行完全随机设计的方差分析,组间用SNK-q检验(α=0.05).结果 经方差分析,不同品牌乳光瓷粉的反射荧光均值总体不等或不全相等(P<0.05),经SNK-q检验,Vita与其他品牌乳光瓷的反射荧光均数差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余反射荧光均值两两之间的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 4种品牌乳光瓷粉的平均反射荧光由大到小依此排列为:Norltake、Shofu、Ceramco、Vita.不同品牌乳光瓷的反射荧光光谱分布的差异主要表现在400nm以下,荧光峰值出现在390nm位置.     

含牛初乳凝胶提高口干症患者全口义齿满意度的临床评价

目的:探讨含牛初乳湿润凝胶对口干症患者配戴全口义齿效果的影响.方法:选择23例有口干症的全口义齿患者,于使用口腔湿润凝胶治疗前和治疗后1周、1个月、3个月让患者填写满意度问卷调查表,采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行分析.结果:湿润凝胶治疗后3个月和治疗前比较,治疗效果满意,在总体满意度、语音功能、咀嚼功能、舒适度以及下颌全口义齿同位效果等5个方面均有显著提高(P＜0.05);而上颌全口义齿固位效果未见明显差异(P＞0.05).治疗后1个月,总体满意率高于治疗后1周,治疗后3个月与治疗后1个月比较,则无显著差异.结论:伴有口干症的全口义齿患者,使用口腔湿润凝胶治疗,可以提高其对配戴全口义齿的满意度.     

无牙颌下颌骨三维有限元模型逆向工程构建及收敛性测试

目的:建立无牙颌下颌骨三维有限元模型并评价其精度.方法:对患者的无牙颌下颌骨CT扫描直接采集DICOM数据,通过自编的数字图像处理程序和Geomagic软件重建实体模型,在此基础上通过Ansys软件建立无牙颌下颌骨的三维有限元模型;并对模型进行收敛性测试以评价其精度.结果:建立了无牙颌下颌骨三维有限元模型.经收敛性测试,在综合考虑计算成本和计算精度的情况下,单元数为16 692的模型是较理想的模型.结论:运用逆向工程原理可以重建无牙颌下颌骨三维模型,收敛性测试可以用于评价其模型的精度.     

复方奥硝唑甲磺酸培氟沙星缓释牙栓的稳定性试验

目的:考察复方奥硝唑甲磺酸培氟沙星缓释牙栓的稳定性.方法:按中国药典的规定进行影响因素试验和加速试验,考察其性状、外观、含量、释放度以及有关物质的变化.结果:本品在高湿(25℃、RH 92.5%、75%)、高温(40、60℃)条件下,其性状、外观、含量、溶出率以及有关物质均符合规定;在光照(4500±500)Lx条件下,其含量、释放度和有关物质符合规定,但其颜色由浅黄色变为棕褐色.进行6个月的加速试验后,其上述各项指标均符合规定.结论:缓释牙栓稳定性良好,本品应在凉暗处保存.     

280例正畸初诊患者下颌平面角观察研究

目的 初步探讨临床正畸高低角患者的分类标准,以及高低角患者的构成比,以此指导临床实践.方法 参考高角病例(MP-SN>40°或MP-FH>32°)、低角病例(MP-SN<29°或MP-FH<22°)参考值,对临床随机选取的280例患者,据MP-FH、MP-SN两值对高、低角患者进行分检,分析.结果 以MP-FH、MP-SN为参考值分检高、低角患者,高低角患者的数量上有区别,其中高角患者以MP-FH>32°值分检出人数(39.64%)远大于以MP-SN>40°值分检的人数(24.64%).而以MP-SN<29°值分检的低角患者(11.1%)远大于MP-FH<22°值分检的人数(7.86%).高、低角患者的比例约为3:1.结论 临床上若以高低角患者来参考正畸矫治的难度,高角患者以MP-SN>40°,低角患者以MP-FH<22°作为参考值更具有代表性.     

PYM、DXM、鱼肝油酸钠联合注射治疗颌面部静脉畸形的疗效

静脉型血管畸形,为口腔颌面部一种较为常见的良性病变,多在出生时发现,好发于口腔颌面部,常见于唇、舌、颊、龈、腭及面颈部皮肤,生长快,受刺激易发生溃烂、感染和出血,常破坏面形,妨碍功能,严重可致吞咽、呼吸困难,多主张积极治疗.     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.     

牙槽骨再生正畸治疗伴牙槽骨缺损的成人错畸形远期疗效评价

目的：评价牙槽骨再生正畸治疗伴牙槽骨缺损的成人错畸形的远期疗效。方法伴牙槽骨缺损的成人错畸形3例,平均年龄29岁。经正颌-正畸联合会诊制订治疗计划,按照牙槽骨再生正畸及正颌-正畸联合治疗模式,分别进行系统治疗并随访2~3 a。结果3例患者均顺利完成治疗,面型及咬合关系获得良好改善;牙槽骨缺损区正畸牙移动到位且未见医源性牙周并发症,牙槽骨缺损区骨量增加明显且远期效果稳定。结论针对伴牙槽骨缺损的成人患者,牙槽骨再生正畸是一种较为理想的技术。     

Management of acute open flexor tendon injuries of the hand and wrist: basic sciences,surgical factors and rehabilitation pertinent to optimizing outcome

Flexor tendon injuries to the hand and wrist represent a significant resource burden to the UK NHS. A good understanding of tendon basic science and repair techniques is crucial for the surgeon undertaking their repair and rehabilitation. Furthermore, this is a common topic assessed in the FRCS(Orth) examination. This article will summarize the basic science relating to tendon structure, physiology and injury. Additionally, it will present key surgical and rehabilitation factors relevant to clinical outcomes.     

伴囊肿的上颌埋伏阻生中切牙早期引流助萌治疗

目的:探讨采用引流助萌的方法对伴囊肿的上颌埋伏阻生中切牙的早期治疗。方法:选取单侧上颌中切牙埋伏阻生、处于替牙早期伴囊肿的患者8例。外科囊肿切除同时对埋伏阻生上颌中切牙引流助萌治疗。治疗前后拍摄CBCT,Dolphin11.0软件测量矫治前后阻生牙及对侧正常同名牙的冠根长度。结果:8例患者的埋伏阻生上颌中切牙平均矫治时间6.7个月。矫治后阻生牙和对侧正常同名牙的冠根长度均有生长。阻生牙冠根长度较对侧正常同名牙明显短(P<0.05)。结论:本研究所采用引流助萌方法为埋伏阻生牙的矫治提供了一个安全、有效的新途径。     

In vitro calibration and validation of a digital subtraction radiography system using scanned images

OBJECTIVES: To calibrate and validate a digital subtraction radiography system using scanned images for quantification of alveolar bone changes by means of computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Noise levels were determined using 10 standardized periapical radiographs of the same lower molar region in a human dry skull. For validation of the system, radiographs were taken before and after bovine bone particles in measures with increments of 2 mg weighing from 2 to 20 mg were added into each socket of three dry skulls. Radiographs were developed and scanned into a computer with a flatbed scanner. After digitization, the images were subjected to alignment, normalization and subtraction. Appropriate regions of interest (ROIs) were selected and their CADIA values were calculated for the determination of noise levels, and correlations between the CADIA values and the actual bone mass were performed. RESULTS: When the threshold value was 7, the percentage of pixels deviating from the set threshold value was small (0-11.3%). There were statistically significant correlations between the actual bone mass and the CADIA value for anterior sockets (p<0.001, r2=0.89) and posterior sockets (p<0.001, r2=0.9). For pooled data of both anterior and posterior sockets, the correlation was also statistically significant (p<0.001, r2=0.88). CONCLUSIONS: A high and statistically significant correlation between the actual bone mass and CADIA value was obtained, which suggests that the system could be suitable for the detection of small alveolar bone changes.     

CBCT与RVG对下颌恒切牙根管形态评估的对比研究

目的:对比CBCT法与数字化X线成像法(RVG)对下颌恒切牙根管形态评估的差异。方法:对101颗离体牙进行唇舌向及近远中向数字化X线片拍摄和CBCT高清牙列模式扫描,对图像进行根管数目、Vertucci根管分型、根管钙化和根尖口开口位置的评估,并通过CBCT图像建立偏角度投照的三角函数模型,计算偏向投照的角度。结果:CBCT法显示有30颗为双根管,RVG近远中向投照显示有36颗为双根管,卡方检验显示对根管数目和Vertucci根管分型两种方法均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两种方法对根管钙化和根尖口开口位置的评估均不具有显著性差异。30颗双根管牙中下颌恒切牙唇舌向双根管的最大距离(LaL)在0~1.5 mm之间的,85.7%的为Vertucci III型,LaL在1.5~2 mm之间的,66.7%为Vertucci IV和V型。以根尖片上双根管显示距离为1 mm计算,LaL在1~2 mm之间的,偏向投照角度为26.6°~45.0°,LaL在0.1~1 mm之间的,偏向投照角度为45.0°~84.3°。结论:CBCT高清牙列模式扫描和RVG投照对于根管数目和Vertucci根管分型的评估具有显著性差异,对于根管钙化和根尖口开口位置的评估不具有显著性差异。LaL在1~2 mm之间时,偏角度投照的临床可操作性较强。     

Fabrication and characterisation of a novel biomimetic anisotropic ceramic/polymer-infiltrated composite material

Objective

To fabricate and characterise a novel biomimetic composite material consisting of aligned porous ceramic preforms infiltrated with polymer.