牙龈卟啉单胞菌在龈下菌斑和颊黏膜中的检测

目的　检测牙周健康者及牙周炎患者在颊黏膜和龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率,探讨其与牙周炎发生和发展的关系。方法　选取40例牙周健康者和39例慢性牙周炎患者,分别收集颊黏膜和龈下菌斑样本,提取细菌DNA,设计细菌通用引物和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的特异引物用于PCR扩增,检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率。结果　牙周健康组菌斑样本和颊黏膜样本牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率分别为37·5%和32·5%,而牙周炎组菌斑样本和颊黏膜样本牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率分别为69·23%和46·15%。牙周炎组菌斑的牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性率高于牙周健康组,颊黏膜的牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性率在组间无统计学差异;牙周炎组菌斑牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性率高于颊黏膜, 牙周健康组两部位阳性率无统计学差异。结论　牙龈卟啉单胞菌除在菌斑中有高检出率外,在颊黏膜中也有较高的检出率,提示颊黏膜也是牙周细菌在口腔定植的重要部位,牙龈卟啉单胞菌也可在健康人群中检出,提示其有可能是口腔内固有菌群之一。     

牙龈素促进牙龈卟啉单胞菌免疫逃逸的机制

有关牙周炎病因的关键致病菌假说近年来引起学者们的关注,该假说认为牙龈卟啉单胞菌在牙周炎的发病过程中发挥着重要作用,是牙周炎的关键致病菌.牙龈素是牙龈卟啉单胞菌产生的重要致病因子之一,它可以协助牙龈卟啉单胞菌逃逸巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞及补体系统的杀伤作用.本文就牙龈素促进牙龈卟啉单胞菌免疫逃逸的机制相关研究进展作一综述,对这一机制的深入了解有助于进一步理解牙龈素的致病机制,同时也可以为牙周炎的防治探索新的途径.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌在牙周病防治中的应用

牙周病是口腔两大类主要疾病之一,具有较高的发病率,因此,探索预防牙周病的有效途径十分重要。本文介绍了国外学者以牙龈卟啉单胞菌不同形式的抗原进行免疫学防治牙周炎的试验,其中包括对牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛、血凝素、牙龈素和外膜蛋白的研究。     

靶向牙周炎DNA疫苗的构建及体外表达研究

目的：构建以人细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4（Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4,CTLA4）为引导的抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛蛋白FimA的靶向牙周炎DNA疫苗,并检测其在体外真核细胞中的表达。方法：采用基因重组技术构建携带CTLA4-Ig基因和牙龈卟啉单胞菌fimA基因的重组质粒pCTLA4-FimA,转染COS7细胞,蛋白免疫印记和间接免疫荧光法检测重组质粒的蛋白表达。结果：重组质粒pCTLA4-FimA携带CTLA4-Ig和fimA基因片断。pCTLA4-FimA表达的抗原可与特异性抗FimA抗体发生免疫反应。pCTLA4-FimA转染的COS7细胞中可检测到目的蛋白的表达。结论：成功构建了靶向牙周炎DNA疫苗pCTLA4-FimA,并可在真核细胞中正确表达。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌与宿主细胞作用的信号传导

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是慢性牙周炎的主要致病菌,当其与宿主牙周组织作用时会引起宿主的免疫炎症反应,此过程涉及多种受体、信号传导途径、转录因子等.本文就近年来对牙龈卟啉单胞菌与宿主牙周组织细胞接触后引发的信号传导过程的研究进展作一综述.     

牙龈素在牙龈卟啉单胞菌生长及牙周致病过程中的作用

牙龈素是慢性牙周炎的重要致病菌---牙龈卟啉单胞菌的最重要毒力因子。作为一组半胱氨酸蛋白酶,牙龈素能结合并降解多种宿主蛋白质。本文总结了目前对牙龈素的结构和功能的研究,主要从牙龈素对牙龈卟啉单胞菌生长代谢、对牙周组织的致病作用及宿主免疫的影响三个方面阐述。     

DNA防龋疫苗联合蛋白质疫苗诱导小鼠免疫应答的研究

目的:研究以一种新型免疫策略即追加相应蛋白质抗原来加强免疫DNA疫苗的免疫效果。方法:重组质粒pCIA-P经鼻腔滴注途径免疫小鼠,并以其相应抗原rPAc蛋白或rPAc蛋白及黏膜佐剂rCTB经鼻腔滴注加强免疫,ELISA法检测血清和唾液中特异性抗体水平。结果:以rPAc蛋白或rPAc蛋白及黏膜佐剂rCTB加强免疫可显著提高唾液中IgA型特异性抗体和血清IgG型特异性抗体水平。并且以rPAc蛋白和黏膜佐剂rCTB加强免疫组产生了最高水平的唾液IgA型特异性抗体和血清IgG型特异性抗体。结论:DNA防龋疫苗联合蛋白质疫苗可有效增强DNA防龋疫苗免疫效果。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入牙龈上皮细胞的分子机制

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是慢性牙周炎的主要致病菌,牙龈上皮细胞是宿主牙周组织防御机制的第一道天然屏障。牙龈卟啉单胞菌可通过特异性粘附素与牙龈上皮细胞相应配体结合,激活该细胞内多种信号传导途径,最终内化于牙龈上皮细胞。内化后可通过某些细胞因子的合成和分泌减少以及抑制细胞凋亡等机制造成该细胞功能紊乱。本文从分子水平对牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入牙龈上皮细胞的机制作一综述,以进一步阐明牙龈卟啉单胞菌的致病机理。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌研究进展

牙周炎是常见的口腔疾病之一,是中国成年人失牙的主要原因.牙龈卟啉单胞菌在引发牙周组织破坏过程中发挥着重要的作用,成为国内外学者研究的热点之一.本文就牙龈卟啉单胞菌与口腔疾病和其他全身性疾病的关系、牙龈卟啉单胞菌全基因组,牙龈卟啉单胞菌与牙龈上皮细胞的相互作用等研究作一综述,以拓宽牙龈卟啉单胞菌的研究思路,进血为牙周炎的...     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入牙龈上皮细胞的分子机制

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是慢性牙周炎的主要致病菌，牙龈上皮细胞是宿主牙周组织防御机制的第一道天然屏障。牙龈卟啉单胞菌可通过特异性粘附素与牙龈上皮细胞相应配体结合，激活该细胞内多种信号传导途径，最终内化于牙龈上皮细胞。内化后可通过某些细胞因子的合成和分泌减少以及抑制细胞凋亡等机制造成该细胞功能紊乱。本文从分子水平对牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入牙龈上皮细胞的机制作一综述，以进一步阐明牙龈卟啉单胞菌的致病机理。     

Mood and malignancy: head and neck cancer and depression

Head and neck cancer patients have been reported to show high rates of depression. However, it is important to differentiate between depressive symptoms and a depressive disorder. This review critically examines the relationship between head and neck cancer and depression. There appears to be little evidence for depression leading to an increased risk of developing cancer and although depressive symptoms in head and neck cancer patients are common, very few studies have investigated depressive disorders. The studies that investigated the incidence of a comorbid depressive disorder report a prevalence very close to that of the general population, implying that major depression is not a normal response to cancer. Finally, the evidence suggests that comorbidity of depression with cancer has a negative impact on morbidity and mortality. Both psychosocial and biological factors could account for this. Dysregulation of the stress hormone axis and increased inflammation are common in depressive disorders and have been suggested as underlying pathological mechanisms and are both markers of poor prognosis in cancer. This evidence suggests that a relatively small number of patients develop a depressive disorder following a diagnosis of cancer, but for those that do it may have a substantial impact on their prognosis.     

低氧和自噬与肿瘤的发生发展

自噬作为真核生物的一种应激调控机制,既可以促进肿瘤的发生发展,又可以抑制肿瘤的增殖。在肿瘤局部低氧的微环境下,低氧诱导因子-1α、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号转导通路抑制、内质网应激均可促进自噬的发生。在肿瘤快速地发生发展过程中,肿瘤的糖代谢功能增强、活性氧族增多、窖蛋白1下调以及上皮间质转化的激活均诱导了自噬的发生并促进肿瘤的局部浸润、侵袭转移和耐药,因此,抑制自噬可能为肿瘤治疗提供一种新的策略。     

补体与牙周炎发生发展及其治疗

在牙周炎这一慢性炎症反应过程中,补体不仅可以调解机体防御反应,保护宿主,还可直接作用于免疫细胞或通过调控信号转导通路,协助病原菌进一步感染和破坏牙周组织,最终导致免疫病理性的损伤反应。在免疫炎症反应中,补体不仅可刺激白细胞分泌白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子,调节辅助性T细胞和巨噬细胞,促进细胞免疫和T细胞依赖的抗体分泌,增强免疫效应的调节,提高机体免疫力;亦可引起的炎症反应可对组织造成损伤,引起牙周炎。以补体受体拮抗剂干扰补体受体-Toll样受体信号转导通路,有利于机体清除病原菌,达到防治牙周炎的目的。理解补体在牙周炎发生发展中的作用,可为牙周炎治疗探索新途径。     

Molecular biology and its applications in orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery

Molecular biology is an exciting, rapidly expanding field, which has enabled enormously greater understanding of the biology of diseases and malfunctions in many fields. It chiefly concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the interrelationship of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis and how these interactions are regulated. Since the introduction of molecular biology into modern science, numerous other fields have been enabled to go ““molecular““. Advanced molecular biological techniques showed us new avenue towards finding answers to the questions asked for decades. The first part of this article described the history of molecular biology. It started as a joined discipline of other areas of biology, i.e. genetics and biochemistry in the 1930s and 1940s, and enjoyed its classical period and became institutionalized in the 1950s and 1960s. Major molecular techniques manipulating proteins, DNA and RNA were introduced and their mechanisms were concisely illustrated. The current knowledge of molecular biology and their applications in orthodontic and oral and maxillofacial surgery, i.e. osteoclast differentiation and function, regulation of tooth movement, mechanotransduction/cell-signalling, bone fracture healing, oral cancer as well as craniofacial/dental anomalies and distraction osteogenesis were discussed. Although the problems of introducing molecular technologies are still substantial, it is anticipated that the future of medicine/dentistry will be ““molecular““: molecular prevention, molecular diagnosis and molecular therapy.     

成釉细胞瘤、颌骨囊肿中E-cadherin、vimentin的表达及意义

目的通过免疫组化双染技术检测成釉细胞瘤(ameloblastomas,AM)、颌骨囊肿中E-cadherin、vimentin的表达情况,探索AM中是否存在上皮间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)现象。方法选择37例不同分型的AM、5例颌骨囊肿为研究对象,用免疫组化双染技术检测E-cadherin、vimentin的表达情况,通过计数分析二者共同表达细胞的分布情况。单因素方差分析AM与颌骨囊肿、实性型与单囊型AM的EMT。结果 AM中存在EMT现象,EMT发生特点在实性型与单囊型AM之间、AM与颌骨囊肿之间均无统计学差异。结论 EMT与成釉细胞瘤的侵袭性生物学行为无相关性,EMT存在于AM中可能为肿瘤组织中间质细胞的来源之一。     

Differences between and within human parotid saliva and nasal mucus cAMP and cGMP in normal subjects and in patients with taste and smell dysfunction

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 40 : 504–509 Background: We previously described some of the moieties in human saliva and nasal mucus including cyclic nucleotides. However, comparison of levels of these latter moieties in saliva and nasal mucus has not been performed and meaning of differences found has not been discussed. Purpose: To compare the levels of cAMP and cGMP in saliva and nasal mucus and to describe the differences in their concentrations and function. Methods: cAMP and cGMP in saliva and nasal mucus were compared in normal subjects and patients with taste and smell dysfunction by use of a spectrophotometric colorimetric ELISA. Results: Both cAMP and cGMP were present in saliva and nasal mucus of normals and patients with levels of both moieties lower in patients than in normals. In normals, cAMP is 6½ times higher in saliva than in nasal mucus whereas cGMP in nasal mucus is 2½ times higher than in saliva. In patients, these differences persist but are less robust. In normals, within saliva, cAMP is 9½ times higher than cGMP whereas within nasal mucus cAMP is half the level of cGMP. In patients, within saliva, these differences persist but at variable differences. Conclusions: Both saliva and nasal mucus cAMP and cGMP play roles in taste and smell function, and differences in their concentrations may offer insight into these roles. In nasal mucus, cGMP may be more relevant than cAMP in activity of olfactory epithelial cell function. In saliva, cAMP may be more relevant as a growth factor in taste bud function than cGMP.     

钙磷再矿化及其系统

龋病是一种釉质脱矿与再矿化作用失衡,牙体硬组织向脱矿方向持续发展的疾病。当口腔内钙和磷酸根离子饱和度下降时,釉质脱矿;反之,釉质再矿化;因此,钙和磷酸根离子是再矿化的物质基础,钙磷离子浓度越高,越有利于釉质再矿化的发生。无定形钙磷（ACP）能与氟离子结合生成无定形钙磷氟（ACPF）,ACP和ACPF能向口腔环境提供可利用的钙磷和氟离子,促进釉质的再矿化;但亦降低可利用的钙、磷酸根和氟离子浓度,降低其促再矿化能力。酪蛋白磷酸肽（CPP）与钙和磷酸根以一种微弱的化学力结合,使得CPP-ACP复合体中的钙、磷酸根离子与口腔环境中的游离钙、磷酸根离子间保持一种动态平衡。当pH值较高时,大量钙、磷离子以CPP-ACP形式存在;随着pH值降低,CPP-ACP释放出钙、磷酸根离子促进釉质再矿化。CPP-ACP有效定位于龋损表层及表层下并释放钙和磷酸根离子,具有良好的促再矿化效果。氟具有良好的再矿化防龋效果,可通过与CPP-ACP中的氢氧根离子置换生成CPP-ACPF。CPP-ACPF通过附着于牙体表面或顺CPP-ACPF浓度梯度渗透进入釉质龋坏表层下,持续释放钙、磷酸根和氟离子,促进釉质表层和表层下再矿化。     

Coronal and root caries incidence and increments

This study reprots on coronal and root caries incidence in elderly lowans between 1987 and 1988. The sample consisted of 74 survivors ofthe lowa 65+Oral Health Study cohort who recieved oral examinations both who recieved oral examinations both in 1987 and between 1996‐98. The study found that average untreated coronal and root increments were 0.96 and 0.69 surfaces, filled increments were 18.22 and 1.28 surfaces, and combined increments were 18.3 and 1027 sufaces, respectively. Therefore. annualized untreated coronal and root increments were 0.10 and 1.07 surfaces, filled were 1.80 and 0.13 surfaces, and combined increments were 1.81 and 0.12 surfaces, respectively. The annualized attack rates were 2.13 for coronal and 0.80 for root caries. Approximately 93% of the subjects developed some new coronal and 43% some new root caries increment. Dental caries still constutute a significant problem since a large proportion of the elderly developed caries during this period. This suggests a need for improved preventive and treatment strategies for this aged population.     

Diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 405–418 Vascular anomalies are congenital errors in vascular development. They frequently involve the head, neck, and oral cavity. Subdivided into vascular tumors (hemangiomas) and vascular malformations, vascular anomalies remain poorly understood. However, growing interest and recent advances in the diagnosis, management, and molecular characterization of these lesions are improving treatment strategies. The role of the multidisciplinary team cannot be overstated. This review provides both basic and up‐to‐date knowledge on the most common vascular anomalies encountered by physicians and practitioners. Because treatment options for vascular anomalies are widely variable and often debated, this report aims to provide a comprehensive approach to these lesions based upon current concepts and practical clinical experience.