肱动脉流量介导的舒张功能与冠心病的关系

目的探讨肱动脉流量介导的舒张功能(FMD)与冠心病的关系.方法受试者98人,分为冠心病组(52人)和有冠心病倾向的对照组(46人).用高分辨率超声心动图仪检测所有受检者的肱动脉FMD.结果冠心病组患者FMD 0.05±0.01,对照组为0.09±0.04,二组间差异有显著性意义(P=0.01).FMD与冠状动脉病变程度不相关(P>0.05).当把FMD临界点定为10%时,诊断冠心病的敏感性为88%,特异性为71%.结论超声检测FMD是监测冠心病的一项重要指标.     

Efficacy of aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with peripheral artery disease

Evaluation of: Berger JS, Krantz MJ, Kittelson JM, Hiatt WR. Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA 301, 1909–1919 (2009).

Aspirin decreases the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with prior coronary heart or cerebrovascular disease. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend a low-dose aspirin regimen (75–325 mg/day) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the effect of aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with PAD has not been well established. The paper under evaluation performed a meta-analysis of 18 trials to investigate the effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and cardiovascular death) in patients with PAD. The results of this meta-analysis in a PAD cohort revealed that treatment with aspirin did not significantly reduce the combined end point of cardiovascular events; however, aspirin resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of nonfatal stroke. This analysis raises a number of questions regarding the overall efficacy of aspirin in PAD and what should be the optimal antiplatelet therapy in patients with PAD: aspirin, clopidogrel or perhaps a combination of aspirin and clopidogrel.     

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Increased Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Hospitalized Patients

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and its individual phenotypes of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and cerebrovascular disease by age and sex in a large US cohort of hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA nested case-control study of adults with and without SLE was conducted from the January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2014, National Inpatient Sample. Hospitalized patients with SLE were matched (1:3) by age, sex, race, and calendar year to hospitalized patients without SLE. The prevalences of CAD, PAD, and cerebrovascular disease were evaluated, and associations with SLE were determined after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsAmong the 252,676 patients with SLE and 758,034 matched patients without SLE, the mean age was 51 years, 89% were women, and 49% were white. Patients with SLE had a higher prevalence of ASCVD vs those without SLE (25.6% vs 19.2%; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.44-1.47; P<.001). After multivariable adjustment, SLE was associated with a greater odds of ASCVD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.41-1.51). The association between SLE and ASCVD was observed in women and men and was attenuated with increasing age. Also, SLE was associated with increased odds of CAD (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.40-1.44), PAD (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.22-1.28), and cerebrovascular disease (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.65-1.71).ConclusionIn hospitalized US patients, SLE was associated with increased ASCVD prevalence, which was observed in both sexes and was greatest in younger patients.     

流量介导的肱动脉扩张和颈动脉内中膜厚度对冠心病患者发生心血管事件的预测作用

目的探讨流量介导的肱动脉扩张（FMD）和颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）能否预测冠心病患者心血管事件的发生。方法150例经冠状动脉造影明确患有冠心病的患者作为观察对象，分别测量每位患者的肱动脉FMD和颈动脉IMT，随访24个月，观察150例患者心血管事件的发生率，并比较心血管事件发生者与未发生者肱动脉FMD和颈动脉IMT的差别。结果150例患者中有21例在24个月的随访时间内发生心血管事件，未发生心血管事件者的肱动脉FMD较发生心血管事件者低，颈动脉IMT在未发生心血管事件者和发生心血管事件者中相差不显著（P〉0．05）。结论肱动脉FMD可以帮助预测冠心病患者心血管事件的发生。     

Correlation of fasting serum apolipoprotein B-48 with coronary artery disease prevalence

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (9): 992-999 ABSTRACT: Background Postprandial hyperlipidemia partially refers to the postprandial accumulation of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants (CM-R). Many in vitro studies have shown that CM-R has highly atherogenic properties, but consensus is lacking on whether CM-R accumulation correlates with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the correlation between CM-R accumulation and the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Design Subjects who received a coronary angiography and did not take any lipid-lowering drugs (n?=?189) were enrolled. Subjects with coronary artery stenosis (≥?75%) were diagnosed as CAD. Biochemical markers for glucose and lipid metabolism including fasting apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 concentration were compared between CAD patients (n?=?96) and age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-CAD subjects without overt coronary stenosis (?4·34?μg/mL, the cut-off value) and other coronary risk factors were found to be associated with a stronger risk of CAD compared with single high fasting apo B-48 levels. Conclusion Fasting serum apo B-48 levels significantly correlated with the prevalence of CAD.     

Renal artery stenosis predicts adverse cardiovascular and renal outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease

Background Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) are considered cardiovascular high‐risk patients. Our aim was to investigate whether incidental renal artery stenosis (RAS) increases the risk for adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in these patients. Materials and methods We prospectively enrolled 487 consecutive patients admitted for revascularization of symptomatic PAD and performed a renal overview angiogram categorizing RAS as absent (0–29%), moderate (30–59%) and severe (≥ 60%) respectively. Clinical follow‐up was for median 15 months (IQR 12–22) for the occurrence of major adverse events [MAE: composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary bypass surgery, amputation and kidney failure]. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were obtained at 12 months to quantify the course of renal function. Results A severe RAS was found in 76 patients (15·6%). Overall MAE occurred in 121 patients (24·8%), the composite endpoint of MI, stroke, amputation and death occurred in 101 patients (20·7%). Patients with a severe RAS had a 1·87‐fold increased adjusted risk for MAE (95% CI 1·12–3·12, P = 0·017), a 2·51‐fold increased adjusted risk for occurrence of the composite endpoint of MI, stroke, amputation and death (95% CI 1·45–4·34, P = 0·001) and a 2·93‐fold increased risk for death (95% CI 1·41–6·08, P = 0·004), compared to those of patients without RAS respectively. We observed a significant association between the decrease of GFR over the 12‐month follow‐up period and the severity of RAS by multivariable analysis (P = 0·044). Conclusion Severe RAS in patients with symptomatic PAD is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events, adverse renal outcome and mortality.     

Risk factor profile, management and prognosis of patients with peripheral arterial disease with or without coronary artery disease: results of the prospective German REACH registry cohort

Aims  Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are manifestations of the same underlying condition, atherothrombosis. We compared patients with PAD only with those having PAD and concomitant documented CAD in terms of characteristics, risk factors, treatment and prognosis. Methods and results  This is a subgroup analysis of the German cohort of the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry. It includes 483 patients with PAD only, and 479 patients with PAD plus CAD. Patients with concomitant cerebrovascular disease were excluded. Symptomatic PAD was defined as intermittent claudication (IC), confirmed by ankle brachial index <0.9, or PAD-related intervention. Patients in the total cohort were predominantly elderly (mean age 67.3 ± 8.9 years), males (72.3%), current or previous smokers (80.18%), and had often abdominal obesity (49.6%). Atherosclerotic risk factors and comorbidities were highly prevalent. Patients with PAD + CAD compared to those with PAD only were significantly more intensively treated with regards to antihrombotic agents (97.1% vs. 88.8%), statins (80.2% vs. 51.6%), or ACE inhibitors/ARB (75.6% vs. 61.1%). After two-year follow-up, no significant differences between subgroups were noted for total mortality (4.6% vs. 5.5%), cardiovascular mortality (3.7% vs. 3.9%), non-fatal myocardial infarction (1.9% vs. 2.7%) but for non-fatal stroke (4.4% vs. 2.0%, P < 0.05). Conclusion  Peripheral arterial disease patients carry a high burden of risk factors and co-morbidities, and are at high risk of death and cardiovascular events. If documented CAD is absent, PAD patients are undertreated. Thus, in PAD patients, secondary cardiovascular prevention with stringent treatment of risk factors to the same extent as in CAD patients is mandatory, in line with current guidelines.     

脂蛋白(a)与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系及对不良心血管事件的影响

目的:探讨脂蛋白(a)[lipopretion(a),Lp(a)]与老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性及其对主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular event,MACE)的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院心内科2014年1月至12月入院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的693例老年冠心病患者病例资料。入院时检测Lp(a)水平,根据Gensini评分计算冠状动脉狭窄程度。随访患者Lp(a)水平及是否发生MACE。结果:按照Lp(a)水平三分位分组,3组间Gensini评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。校正了其他危险因素后,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、InLp(a)与冠状动脉狭窄程度独立相关(P<0.05)。平均随访4.6年,共有91例患者发生MACE,Lp(a)水平是MACE的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。按是否发生MACE分组,基线及随访过程中LDL-C水平差异无统计学意义,基线及随访过程中MACE组Lp(a)显著高于非MACE组(P<0.05)。Lp(a)水平预测MACE的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.582(95%CI 0.511~0.652),以血清浓度151 mg/L为临界值,预测灵敏度为61.5%、特异度为54.9%。结论:Lp(a)是预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的独立危险因素,排除LDL-C因素,Lp(a)水平与MACE的发生相关。     

Leptin predicts short-term major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease

Introduction: Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone associated with cardiovascular risk factors. We examined whether leptin predicts major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

Methods: Fasting plasma leptin levels were measured in 1327 male and 619 female CAD patients. The patients were followed up for two years. The primary endpoint (MACE) was the composite of a hospitalisation for congestive heart failure (CHF) or a cardiac death. The secondary endpoint was the composite of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a stroke.

Results: In regression analysis including established risk variables, high leptin levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of MACE (HR 3.37; 95%CI 1.64–6.90; p?=?0.001) and ACS or stroke (HR 1.95; 95%CI 1.29–2.96; p?=?0.002). Adding leptin to the risk model for MACE increased the C-index from 0.78 (95%CI 0.71–0.85) to 0.81 (0.74–0.88) and improved classification (NRI 0.36; 95%CI 0.13–0.60; p?=?0.002) and discrimination of the patients (IDI 0.016; 95%CI 0.001–0.030; p?=?0.031).

Conclusions: High plasma leptin levels predict short-term occurrence of CHF or cardiac death and ACS or stroke in patients with CAD independently of established risk factors. The possible harmful effects of leptin should be thoroughly investigated.

• Key messages

• Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue. It has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors.

• High leptin levels predict the short-term occurrence of congestive heart failure or cardiac death and ACS or stroke in patients with CAD independently of established risk factors.

• The possible detrimental effects of leptin on the cardiovascular system should be thoroughly investigated.

     

Yield of elective coronary angiography; gender differences,patient history,risk factors and angiographic findings in a primary care population

Objective To assess yield of elective coronary angiography and gender differences in primary care patients suspected to have stable coronary artery disease (SCAD).Design Information was gathered from an angiography registry, referral texts of the general practitioners and medical records made by the cardiologists in secondary care.Setting Angiography registry data analyses of the Turku University Hospital, Finland, in the year 2011.Subjects Two hundred forty-six patients who were referred from primary care to secondary care and underwent coronary angiography for suspected SCAD symptoms.Main outcome measures Gender differences and diagnostic yield of coronary angiography for obstructive CAD.Results Obstructive CAD was identified in 73%, more often in males than in females (51% vs. 84%, p < 0.001). Thirteen per cent of the patients were over 80 years of age, and 94% of them had obstructive CAD. The prevalence of hypertension was 60%, treatment goal was achieved by 25%.Conclusion The diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography was low in women compared to men although there were no substantial differences in evidence-based medication, risk factors or anticipated angina symptoms between genders.

Key Points

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally. Invasive cardiology has expanded rapidly since the 1990s.
• Among symptomatic primary care patients who underwent elective coronary angiography in secondary care, obstructive CAD was identified in 73%
• Diagnostic yield of coronary angiography was low in women compared to men.
• GPs treat their male and female patients suspected of having stable CAD equitably regarding evidence-based medication.

     

Analysis of the association and predictive value of hyperhomocysteinaemia for obstructive coronary artery disease

ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in an Asian population in northern China.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients at their first cardiac assessment and assigned them to an obstructive CAD group or a non-obstructive CAD group according to the coronary angiography results. HHcy was defined as a homocysteine (Hcy) level > 15 µmol/l.ResultsThis study enrolled 2987 participants: 1172 in the non-obstructive CAD group and 1815 in the obstructive CAD group. Hcy level in the obstructive CAD group was significantly higher than in the non-obstructive CAD group. The proportion of patients with HHcy in the obstructive CAD group was significantly greater than in the non-obstructive CAD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HHcy was independently correlated with obstructive CAD in both young (aged ≤ 55 years) and old patients (aged > 55 years). HHcy showed a higher sensitivity (93.1%), specificity (86.1%) and accuracy (90.0%) for obstructive CAD. The odds ratio for HHcy was 84.2. The Kappa value (0.8) showed substantial agreement between obstructive CAD and HHcy.ConclusionsHHcy was associated with obstructive CAD and may be a potentially independent risk factor for obstructive CAD with good predictive value.     

Relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity in coronary artery disease patients with a normal glomerular filtration rate

ObjectiveCardiovascular disease is a major cause of death. This study evaluated the relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with a normal glomerular filtration rate.MethodsNine hundred and fifty-nine patients were retrospectively included and divided into non-CAD and CAD groups according to coronary angiography results. CAD patients were classified into three groups by Gensini score tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity.ResultsSerum cystatin-c levels were significantly higher in CAD patients than in non-CAD patients. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between serum cystatin-c levels with the Gensini score and the number of diseased vessels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum cystatin-c was 0.544 and 0.555 for predicting a high Gensini score and three-vessel disease, respectively. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that the serum cystatin-c level was an independent predictor of a high Gensini score [odds ratio (OR) = 2.177, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.140–3.930] and three-vessel disease (OR = 1.845, 95% CI 0.994–3.424) after adjusting for the conventional CAD risk factors.ConclusionsSerum cystatin-c was elevated in CAD patients and may be an independent predictor of CAD severity.     

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c predicts coronary artery disease in non‐diabetic patients

BackgroundIn primary care, there is a need for simple and cost‐effective tool that will allow the determination of the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to research the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the prediction of coronary artery disease.MethodsPatients admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Cardiology for angiography were retrospectively screened. Patients with diabetes or with HbA1c of 6.5 or above were excluded. Comparative HbA1c data were obtained according to the stenosis groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors affecting stenosis positivity.ResultsOf the study group, 120 patients were without any stenosis in any coronary artery, 56 patients were with >50% stenosis in one coronary artery, and 71 patients were with >50% stenosis in more than one coronary artery. There was a statistically significant difference between HbA1c measurements according to the degree of stenosis (P = .001 and P < .01, respectively). The odd ratio for HbA1c was 6.260 (95% CI: 3,160‐12,401). According to the stenosis positivity, the cutoff point for HbA1c was found to be 5.6 and above. In the regression analysis, HbA1c was an independent risk factor for CAD. One unit increase in HbA1c level increases the risk of stenosis up to 12.4‐fold (95% CI: 5,990‐25,767).ConclusionThe study showed HbA1c can be used as an independent marker in determining the probability and severity of coronary artery disease in non‐diabetic individuals and as a useful marker in primary care predicting CAD.     

Improving risk stratification for cardiovascular disease

Evaluation of: Heslop CL, Frohlich JJ, Hill JS. Myeloperoxidase and C-reactive protein have combined utility for long-term prediction of cardiovascular mortality after coronary angiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55(11), 1102–1109 (2010).

Identifying people at high risk of cardiovascular events is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention and a major challenge for healthcare worldwide. Recently, both inflammatory and oxidative markers have been shown to improve cardiovascular risk prediction models in a wide range of patients. Here, we evaluate a recent publication investigating the value of inflammatory and oxidative markers for the prediction of cardiovascular mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease. This study shows that the use of multiple markers may increase the predictive power of traditional risk models. The findings are discussed in the context of cardiovascular risk prediction in general.     

Inflammation and coronary angiography in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic subjects

Objective. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and because it is often asymptomatic and extensive in comparison with CAD in subjects without diabetes, it represents a diagnostic challenge. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of CAD in asymptomatic T2DM patients utilizing angiography and to investigate its association with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, the metabolic syndrome and markers of inflammation. Material and methods. Eighty‐two patients with T2DM without symptoms of CAD, and with ?1 CV risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, premature familial CAD, smoking or microalbuminuria) underwent a diagnostic stress test and coronary angiography irrespective of stress test results. Stenosis detected in the main coronary arteries ?50% of lumen diameter was categorized as one‐, two‐ or three‐vessel disease. Inflammatory markers were analysed in fasting samples. Results. Fifteen men and two women had significant CAD (21%) (1‐vessel disease, n = 10; 2‐ or 3‐vessel disease, n = 7). Patients with 2‐ or 3‐vessel disease were significantly older and had a longer duration of diabetes, but the prevalence of other traditional CV risk factors or the metabolic syndrome was similar among those with 1‐vessel and those with 2‐ or 3‐vessel disease. Sensitivity for CAD of the stress test was low (0.35). The mean level of the pro‐inflammatory marker interleukin‐6 was elevated in patients with 2‐ to 3‐vessel CAD as compared to patients with no or 1‐vessel CAD (p<0.05). Conclusions. Significant CAD was found in 21% of asymptomatic patients with T2DM with ?1 CV risk factor. Inflammatory markers may be helpful in identifying patients that are likely to have significant CAD, but larger studies are warranted.     

Aortoiliac Angiography During Coronary Artery Angiography Detects Significant Occult Aortoiliac and Renal Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis

PURPOSE: Peripheral atherosclerosis (renal and aortoiliac localizations) are frequently detected in aged patients with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD): the risk of finding peripheral disease is increased in patients with CAD. Angiography of the aortoiliac vessels performed at the time of coronary angiography may detect any occult renal artery stenosis and atherosclerotic involvement of the aortoiliac segment. We sought to determine utility of performing angiography of aortoiliac and renal arteries during coronary arteriography in patients with known or suspect coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS: Medical records of all patients undergoing combined coronary and aortoiliac angiography between May 1998 and December 2002 was retrospectively reviewed. Moderate to severe arterial stenosis (>50% stenosis), vessel occlusion, aneurismal vessels were noted as significant angiographic findings. Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined as a rise in serum creatinine of > or =25% form baseline. RESULTS: In the study period 112 patients (81 males, mean age 68.4+/-7.8 years) with known or suspected CAD underwent combined cardiac catheterization and aortoiliac angiography. Pretreatment with 0.45% saline at a rate of 1 ml/kg/h for 12 h was administered to all patients. Significant findings were reported in 37 (33%) patients including 14 renal artery stenoses, 8 aortic aneurismal disease, and 15 aortoiliac lesions. Most patients with significant findings had 2 and 3-vessel CAD. A strong correlation was found between the number of risk factors and the frequency of angiographic findings (r = 0.92). Complications include six contrast-induced nephropathy: no case required renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Aortoiliac and renal atherosclerosis is frequently associated to multivessel CAD. In selected patients undergoing cardiac catheterization aortoiliac angiography may be practical in detecting occult renal or aortoiliac artery lesions. Further clinical outcome studies are strongly required to support this strategy.     

Obstructive coronary artery disease in patients hospitalized for severe sepsis or septic shock with concomitant acute myocardial infarction

PurposeIt is difficult to differentiate type 1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) from type 2 AMI in patients admitted for severe sepsis. The aims of this study were to assess the risk factors and prognosis of OCAD in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for severe sepsis with concomitant AMI.Materials and methodsThis is a single-center retrospective cohort study including all consecutive patients who were hospitalized for severe sepsis or septic shock between March 2006 and September 2014 and who underwent coronary angiography in the intensive care unit to identify AMI.ResultsOverall, 78 (5.5%) of 1418 patients hospitalized for severe sepsis underwent coronary angiography to identify concomitant AMI. Thirty-two patients (41%) had OCAD. Following multivariate analysis, the risk factors of OCAD were peripheral vascular disease (odds ratio [OR] = 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-30.4; P = .042) and at least 2 cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 6.7; 95% CI, 1.9-23.8; P = .003). Obstructive coronary artery disease was associated with a significant mortality increase at 60 days (OR = 8.1; 95% CI, 1.9-30.2; P = .004).ConclusionsObstructive coronary artery disease is a poor prognosis factor in patients hospitalized for severe sepsis with concomitant AMI. In this setting, medical treatment should be considered for patients with peripheral vascular disease or with at least 2 cardiovascular risk factors; the need to perform coronary angiography should be considered carefully.     

Gelatinase B C(‐1562)T polymorphism in relation to ischaemic heart disease

Objective. Matrix metalloproteinases, such as gelatinase B, are important in connective tissue remodelling processes associated with atherogenesis and plaque rupture. The T allele of the gelatinase B C_(‐1562) T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with an almost 2‐fold increase in promoter activity and with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to analyse the relation of this gene variation to the risk and severity of CAD and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Material and methods. This case‐control study comprised 535 healthy controls and 2731 participants who had undergone coronary angiography. Results. In the total sample, the gelatinase B promoter polymorphism was not associated with the risk of CAD and MI or with the extent of CAD defined either by the number of diseased coronary arteries or – in patients with coronary angiography – by a score for coronary heart disease (CHD) according to the Gensini score. However, patients with TT genotype had higher CHD scores than the other genotypes in subgroups of individuals with high apolipoprotein B levels, high lipoprotein (a) plasma concentrations and high fibrinogen levels, or with combinations of increased levels of these coronary risk factors. These observations were made in the entire sample of individuals with coronary angiography and in the population of patients with documented CHD. Conclusions. Obviously, the gelatinase B C_(‐1562)T gene polymorphism is not a risk indicator for CAD and MI. With respect to the extent of CHD, the impact of this gene variation may be restricted to individuals with high apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) and/or fibrinogen levels.     

冠状动脉及心脏瓣膜钙化与慢性肾疾病的相关性

目的 探讨慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）患者心脏瓣膜及冠状动脉钙化与肾小球滤过率估计值（eGFR）的相关性及其影响因素。方法 收集接受心脏MSCT检查的CKD 3~5期患者212例,采用Smart Score 4.0自动分析软件测量冠状动脉和瓣膜钙化积分,采用直线回归分析检验心脏瓣膜及冠状动脉钙化与eGFR的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析检验影响心脏瓣膜及冠状动脉钙化的独立影响因素。结果 CKD患者冠状动脉钙化积分和心脏瓣膜钙化积分与eGFR均呈负相关（r=-0.182、-0.128,P均<0.05）;年龄、eGFR、胆固醇及血磷是CKD患者冠状动脉钙化的独立影响因素,年龄、eGFR及脉压差是CKD患者心脏瓣膜钙化的独立影响因素。结论 心脏瓣膜及冠状动脉钙化与CKD相关,其中eGFR是心脏瓣膜及冠状动脉的独立影响因素。     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与冠心病的相关性研究

目的：阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与冠心病（CAD）关系密切,但国内尚缺乏相关的统计学数据,本研究旨在探讨OSAHS与CAD的相关关系。方法：收集2007年4月—2007年12月以冠心病或胸痛原因待查,同意进行冠状动脉造影及睡眠呼吸监测的患者共126例,生化检查血脂,对其结果进行分析。结果：冠状动脉造影确诊CAD 100例,经多导睡眠图（PSG）监测CAD组合并OSAHS患者56例（56.0%）。冠状动脉造影正常的非CAD26例,经PSG监测确诊OSAHS患者8例（30.8%）。CAD组OSAHS发生率高于冠状动脉造影正常组（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示校正年龄、吸烟、高血压病、糖尿病等危险因素后,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥20次/小时为CAD发病的危险因素,OR=4.458,95%CI为1.211-16.414,P〈0.05。结论：CAD合并OSAHS的发生率高,OSAHS可能是CAD发病的危险因素。对CAD患者应常规进行睡眠呼吸监测,及早发现睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患并对其进行及时合理的治疗,提高CAD患者的生存质量,改善预后。