吸烟者获取戒烟相关知识的途径

国内外研究表明吸烟者缺乏戒烟相关知识。吸烟者可通过一些途径获取这些知识，包括自助材料、戒烟热线和大众传媒。医务人员作为专业的卫生保健人员，他们也可给吸烟者提供戒烟相关知识，并可帮助吸烟者戒烟。吸烟者对戒烟相关知识的了解有利于他们改变对吸烟的态度和采取正确的戒烟方法。     

中国2000年国际戒烟竞赛结果分析

戒烟竞赛是通过广泛社会动员 ,吸烟者积极参加 ,周围人帮助 ,适当奖励等方法 ,促进人们采取戒烟行动。国际戒烟竞赛由芬兰国家公共卫生研究所牵头 ,2 0 0 0年是我国继 1 996、1 998年后第三次参加国际戒烟竞赛 ,此外 2 0 0 0年的戒烟竞赛还得到了世界卫生组织无烟草行动的支持 ,全球有近百个国家和地区参加。我国参加的城市有北京、天津、上海、柳州、濮阳和珠海。方法与步骤1 组织动员 :由卫生部疾病控制司、基层卫生与妇幼保健司发出关于举办“2 0 0 0年中国戒烟竞赛”的通知。由市政府、社区政府、市卫ＶＩＩ项目办、爱卫会、烟协、居民…     

吸烟者获取戒烟相关知识的途径

国内外研究表明吸烟者缺乏戒烟相关知识。吸烟者可通过一些途径获取这些知识,包括自助材料、戒烟热线和大众传媒。医务人员作为专业的卫生保健人员,他们也可给吸烟者提供戒烟相关知识,并可帮助吸烟者戒烟。吸烟者对戒烟相关知识的了解有利于他们改变对吸烟的态度和采取正确的戒烟方法。     

中国1998年戒烟竞赛一年随访结果

‘98中国戒烟竞赛有 380 0 0人参赛 ,为了对竞赛的一年效果进行评价 ,我们于 1999年 5月 (即竞赛后一年 )对参赛者进行了抽样调查。在参赛的 6个市中 ,每市随机抽取愿意戒烟的约 30 0名参赛者 ,进行电话或面对面调查。共收集到了合格的调查表 1796份。结果表明 ,竞赛一年后的戒烟成功率为 4 4 .7% ;影响因素有 :“竞赛一个月间的成功戒烟”以及“参加戒烟竞赛的目的是完全戒烟”对将来的戒烟成功与否影响最大 ,OR分别为 11.74 %和 8.11;“认为竞赛对戒烟有帮助”、“身边他人也尝试戒烟”、“竞赛前的吸烟量 <15支 /天”也对戒烟成功有积极影响 ;受教育程度高 ,戒烟成功的可能性大 ;竞赛期间是否得到过支持对戒烟的成功与否影响不大。戒烟竞赛的效果令人满意。通过组织戒烟竞赛 ,调动各部门及广大群众对控烟工作的积极性 ,对于今后社区控烟活动的持续开展 ,具有重要意义。     

戒烟对小气道功能的影响

目的探讨长期吸烟者不同戒烟时间对小气道功能的影响。方法选择有小气道功能病变的长期吸烟男性患者23例为戒烟组,非吸烟健康男性28例为对照组,分别测定戒烟组戒烟前及戒烟后3、6、9及12个月及对照组(入选后12个月内)的小气道功能[最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)、用力呼出25%肺活量时呼气流量(FEF25%)、用力呼出50%肺活量时呼气流量(FEF50%)、用力呼出75%肺活量时呼气流量(FEF75%)],比较戒烟各时间段小气道功能的变化。结果戒烟组戒烟后3个月各项指标与戒烟前比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);戒烟后6个月MMEF、FEF25%、FEF50%较戒烟前均有所提高(均P<0.05);戒烟后9、12个月MMEF、FEF25%、FEF50%及FEF75%较戒烟前均明显提高(均P<0.01);戒烟组戒烟后12个月的FEF25%、FEF50%与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论无症状吸烟者戒烟后6个月方能改善小气道功能。戒烟后12个月FEF25%与FEF50%可恢复至正常。更多还原     

老年男性吸烟者戒烟后肺功能改善情况分析

目的 观察吸烟10年以上老年男性戒烟2年者与未戒烟及同龄不吸烟健康者的肺功能情况.方法 筛选96例老年健康男性.按1:1:1配对筛选32例健康同龄老年男性戒烟者(烟龄10年以上)、32名健康同年龄男性吸烟者(烟龄10年以上)、32例健康同龄老年男性从不吸烟者.受试者在1个月做1次肺功能,连续6次.结果 吸烟10年以上者与不吸烟者、戒烟2年以上者肺功能相比,肺活量(PVC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)及残气量(RV)、残气量/肺总量(RV/TLC)有显著性差异;一秒钟用力呼气容积与用力肺活量之比(FEV1/FVC),最大通气量(MMV),最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)、功能残气量(FRC)、肺总量(TLC)有显著差异.戒烟2年以上者与健康不吸烟者肺功能相比,VC、FVC,TLC,FEV1无显著性差异;RV、RV/TLC,FRC、MMV、MMEF有显著性差异.结论 长期大量吸烟可严重损害肺通气功能并形成某些不可逆病理变化,戒烟2年以上能够使肺功能有所改善.     

郊区吸烟者的吸烟现状及戒烟意愿调查

目的调查郊区吸烟者的吸烟现状与戒烟意愿,从而为医务人员有针对性地为郊区吸烟者开展戒烟干预提供依据。方法选择北京市郊区某综合性医院门诊的228例成年吸烟者,以匿名方式进行尼古丁依赖量表问卷调查。结果在228例现在吸烟者中,男性占81.58%,文化程度在高中及以下者占77.63%,合并慢性疾病者占58.77%,烟龄中位数达20年,每日吸烟者占94.30%,每日吸烟量中位数为18.32支,尼古丁依赖程度较重(中度及以上者占56.59%),从未尝试过戒烟者占71.05%;尼古丁依赖评分与年龄、每月买烟费用、总烟龄、每日吸烟量呈正相关(P0.05),与文化程度呈负相关(P0.05),居住在周边农村及山区的吸烟者尼古丁依赖评分明显高于居住在县城的吸烟者(P0.05),合并慢性疾病的吸烟者尼古丁依赖评分显著高于未合并慢性疾病的吸烟者(P0.05),每日吸烟者的尼古丁依赖评分显著高于偶尔吸烟者(P0.05)。医疗付费方式(自费)、总烟龄长、吸第一支烟年龄早是影响戒烟意愿的阻碍因素。结论北京市郊区吸烟者存在吸烟行为居高不下、戒烟意愿低的严峻现状,应当全面实施戒烟干预,尤其应注意增强医疗付费方式为自费、总烟龄长、吸第一支烟年龄早的吸烟人群的戒烟动机。     

美国执业护士戒烟诊所的戒烟模式

在美国吸烟仍是影响健康的首要因素,占肺癌诱因的８７％,是所有的癌症死亡诱因的３０％。吸烟的普及率在美国成年人仍居高不下,而且在青少年中吸烟者仍在增长。位于美国东南部的一所大型教学医院根据保健护理政策和戒烟研究指南创建了执业护士指导的戒烟诊所。该诊所提供有效的戒烟措施,由有丰富经验的护士反复指导,所有护士都有机会通过短暂的劝告或小小的干预协助患者戒烟。 戒烟治疗的第１阶段是准备成为一名不吸烟者,一般需２ｗ时间。每一位参与者事先完成一份问卷调查,戒烟诊所和所有参与者进行自我介绍。护士鼓励烟民戒烟,向…     

用生物全息疗法戒烟

吸烟可以导致许多疾病，尤其癌症，有许多吸烟者要求戒烟。笔者１９９３年８月至１９９５年８月在坦桑尼亚工作期间应用生物全息疗法治疗了７２例志愿戒烟者，疗效满意，报告如下。１一般资料７２例志愿戒烟者，男６８例，女４例；年龄２３～４８岁，平均３５岁；吸烟史３...     

健康宣教联合随访对戒烟门诊患者的戒烟效果观察

<正>吸烟是世界最大单一可预防的死因[1]。如何进行科学戒烟干预已经引起专家们的高度重视。护士角色及其具有的多种能力,能鼓励和帮助吸烟者戒烟并提供有用的信息[2]。随访能够提供相关护理干预及戒烟跟踪咨询服务,也是优质护理服务的延伸[3],其对促进戒烟成功的作用不容忽视。本院戒烟门诊自2008年5月成立以来,戒烟门诊护士不仅在戒烟门诊承担着门诊的评估及宣教工作,还单独负责接受患者随访工作,取得较好     

Readiness to Quit Smoking in Rural Communities

The purpose of this study was to determine psychosocial and demographic factors associated with readiness to quit smoking among rural current and recent former smokers. This cross-sectional study of 333 rural adults was part of a larger quasi-experimental study testing the effect of a population-based Quit and Win Contest on quitting. Readiness to quit, partner support to quit smoking, stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and demographic characteristics were measured via a phone interview three months after the Contest. Participants with greater positive partner support to quit smoking were more ready to quit. Minority participants were more ready to quit, compared with Caucasian respondents.     

Readiness to quit smoking in rural communities

The purpose of this study was to determine psychosocial and demographic factors associated with readiness to quit smoking among rural current and recent former smokers. This cross-sectional study of 333 rural adults was part of a larger quasi-experimental study testing the effect of a population-based Quit and Win Contest on quitting. Readiness to quit, partner support to quit smoking, stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and demographic characteristics were measured via a phone interview three months after the Contest. Participants with greater positive partner support to quit smoking were more ready to quit. Minority participants were more ready to quit, compared with Caucasian respondents.     

Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine dependence, and smoking cessation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association among the number of sources of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, nicotine dependence (ND), and smoking cessation. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. Responses for the main study were obtained in 2001 from a controlled trial of the Quit and Win Tobacco Free Contest in Kentucky. SAMPLE: 822 current smokers. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables (age, gender, educational status, income, and ethnicity) the number of sources of SHS exposure, smoking frequency, length of abstinence from smoking, age of smoking initiation, smoking cessation attempts, intentions to quit smoking, and ND. RESULTS: The number of sources of SHS exposure was associated with higher ND and smoking frequency, and related to low intentions and attempts to quit smoking. The number of sources of SHS exposure contributed to 11% of the variance in the final ND model, after accounting for control and potential mediating variables. CONCLUSIONS: The number of sources of SHS exposure may be an important factor influencing ND and intentions and attempts to quit smoking. Further studies are needed to explore the association between SHS exposure and ND among smokers to guide treatment and policy development.     

在职护士离职意愿及其相关因素调查分析

目的探讨在职护士的离职意愿现状及其相关因素,为临床制定人力资源管理的相关措施提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法对北京某三级甲等医院的250名护士进行调查。结果在职护士离职意愿属轻中等程度;大专学历的护士离职意愿高于其他学历的护士(P<0.05),偶尔有临床带教的护士离职意愿高于没有及经常有临床带教的护士(P<0.05),工作15年以上的护士离职意愿最低,与其他工作年限组相比较,有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。造成在职护士产生离职意愿的主要原因按程度高低排序前三位为:福利待遇,管理与医院政策,职业本身特点。结论建议医院及护理管理者采取有效措施以降低在职护士离职意愿,并在提高护士福利待遇、调整管理政策、减轻护士工作压力等方面给予足够重视。     

护理人员流失原因分析及对策

阐述了护理人员流失对医疗护理工作的影响,并在分析其发生原因的基础上,提出缓解护理人员流失的对策,旨在引起医院和护理管理者的重视,扭转护理人员流失的趋势。     

Nurses' treatment of tobacco dependence in hospitalized smokers in three states

Hospital-based nurses (N = 1,790) from three states reported their interventions to help patients quit smoking. Frequency of nurses' interventions in one low tobacco use state, California (n = 651), were compared to nurses' interventions in two high tobacco use states, Indiana (n = 720) and West Virginia (n = 419). Nurses in California were significantly more likely to Advise smokers to quit (OR 1.34, 95% CI [1.06, 1.69]) and Refer smokers to a Quitline (OR 2.82, 95% CI [1.36, 5.88]) compared with nurses in the high tobacco prevalence states. Other aspects of their interventions did not differ by state. Quitline referral was infrequent (16%) but was quadrupled if nurses arranged for smokers to quit (OR 4.07, 95% CI [3.11, 5.32]).     

病房护士职业离职的调查研究

目的 了解病房护士不稳定的原因,提高病房护士素质和护理质量.方法 采用问卷调查法对182名病房护士进行问卷调查.结果 护士离职意愿与护士的年龄、护龄、职称有显著相关性,离职原因依次为社会及医院管理、时间和工作量、工作环境、护理管理、护理专业本身及患者方面.结论 尊重病房护士,争取社会和医院的支持,改善护士工作环境,提高病房护士待遇,加强其自身修养,增加发展机会,加强护患沟通,密切护患关系,稳定病房护士.     

Coping strategies used by adolescents during smoking cessation.

The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies used by teens as they attempted to quit smoking. The teens were attending a school-based cessation program titled Quit 2 Win that was offered in four high schools. This study examined situations in which teens were tempted to smoke. The study compares coping strategies teens reported in resisting smoking with situations where they reported lapsing. Participants were interviewed the week of their quit date and asked about their state of mind, the availability of cigarettes, and coping strategies used to resist smoking. By identifying coping strategies, school nurses can develop new interventions for teen smoking cessation.     

Smoking Habits of Emergency Department Patients: An Opportunity for Disease Prevention

Objective: To determine smoking habits, levels of addiction, readiness to quit, and access to primary care among ED patients.
Methods: A questionnaire was administered prospectively to all non-critical adult patients who presented to one university hospital ED during 23 randomly selected four-hour time blocks; 336 (89%) of 376 eligible patients responded. Self-reported smoking was validated by carbon monoxide breath testing in a pilot sample of 49 patients.
Results: The study patients were mostly young (mean age = 35 ± 15 years), female (59%), white (62%), and high school-educated (73%). Of the 336 ED patients, 41% were current smokers (95% CI = 0.36–0.46); 42% of these were "moderately" to "very highly" dependent on nicotine (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence > 4). Of those who smoked, 68% stated they wanted to quit, and 49% wanted to quit within the month. Fifty-six percent of all those who smoked stated that they had never been told to quit smoking by any physician. Thirty-five percent of the ED sample (118 patients) relied upon EDs for most or all of their routine, primary health care; 55% (95% CI = 0.46–0.64) of these patients were current smokers.
Conclusions: The prevalence rates of smoking and nicotine addiction among ED patients are high. Almost half of ED smokers are ready to quit, but most state they have never been told by a physician to do so. Finally, a large proportion of ED smokers receive their primary care in EDs. Therefore, the ED may be an underused setting for smoking cessation intervention.