功能综合测量的信度分析

目的确定功能综合测量量表(FCA)的信度。方法随机选取新入住康复医学科的脑卒中病例10例,其中脑出血4例,脑梗死6例,全部患者均经CT或MRI检查,诊断明确。两名评测者使用FCA量表对10例患者进行第一次评定,另一名评定员在第一次评定后48—72小时内再次使用FCA对此10例脑卒中患者进行第二次评定,用组内、组间相关性系数作为统计学指标,对评测者内部、评测者之间重测信度进行分析,以Cronbachα评价FCA的内部一致性。结果除第10项厕所轮椅转移为0.7931外,其余项目的评测者内部ICC均>0.9;除第3项洗澡为0.7865、第5项穿下衣为0.8615、第6项用厕为0.8889外,其余项目的评测者之间ICC均>0.9;FCA量表各项目以及总分的内部一致性指标Cronbachα均>0.85。结论FCA具有良好的评测者内部和评测者之间重测信度,内部一致性良好,是一信度良好的功能独立状态测量量表。     

康复护理ADL评定量表的信度和效度研究

目的　研究探讨康复护理ADL(ADLS RN)量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的信度与效度。方法　对 40例住院康复患者用ADLS RN量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析 ;内部一致性用Cronbachα计算 ;并分别用ADLS RN和改良的Barthel指数 (MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定 ,用Pearson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性。结果　ADLS RN评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好 ,重测信度和评测者之间的相关系数 (ICC)范围分别为 0 .966～ 0 .998和 0 .996～ 0 .997;内部一致性信度系数α =0 .82 2 ,各项之间α =0 .92 5 ,ADLS RN内部一致性较好。ADLS RN和MBI的比较研究得出 :出、入院ADLS RN与MBI改变值间相关性良好 ,r =0 .89,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　ADLS RN具有很高的重测信度 ,内部一致性较好 ,与MBI有良好的关联效度 ,是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表。     

功能综合评定量表信度和效度的研究

目的研究功能综合评定(functional comprehensive assessment,FCA)量表在评测脑血管病患者中的信度和效度.方法运用FCA量表对10例脑血管病患者进行量表的信度和效度的研究,应用组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficients,ICC)表示量表的可信度,将FCA量表与简易精神状态检查表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评测法和Barthel指数(BI)评分法进行量表的效度研究.结果FCA量表的信度较好,量表的总评分ICC>0.9;FCA总分与BI、MMSE具有较好的相关性(P<0.001),FCA运动评分与BI相关程度较高(r=0.993,P<0.001),FCA认知评分与MMSE也有较高的相关性(r=0.909,P<0.001).结论FCA具有较好的重测信度和效度,可作为脑血管病患者综合功能评定的评测量表.     

功能综合评定量表信度和效度的研究

目的 研究功能综合评定（functional comprehensive assessment,FCA)量表在评测脑血管病患者中的信度和效度。方法 运用FCA量表对10例脑血管病患者进行量表的信度和效度的研究，应用组内相关系数（intraclass correlation coefficients,ICC)表示量表的可信度，将FCA量表与简易精神状态检查表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评测法和Barthel指数（BI）评分法进行量表的效度研究。结果 FCA量表的信度较好，量表的决评分ICC＞0．9；FCA总分与BI、MMSE具有较好的相关性（P＜0．001），FCA运动评分与BI相关程度较高（r=0.993,P&;lt;0.001),FCA认知评分与MMSE也有较高的相关性（r=0.909,P&;lt;0.001)。结论 FCA具有较好的重测信度和效度，可作为脑血管病患者综合功能评定的评测量表。     

康复护理日常生活活动评定量表的信度和效度研究

背景在康复医学中有许多种日常生活活动(ADL)能力评定量表,但符合康复护理程序的评定量表甚少.为此,浙江省康复中心从2000年开始研究设计了康复护理ADL(rehabilitative nursing ADL,RNADL)评定量表,并制定了评定内容和评定标准.目的探讨康复护理ADL评定量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的重测信度、内部一致性及量表的有效信度.设计重复测量设计.单位浙江省望江山疗养院,浙江省康复中心.对象2001-04/2003-04浙江省望江山疗养院康复医学科进行康复治疗的ADL功能障碍的40例患者.方法对40例住院康复患者用RNADL量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析;内部一致性用Cronbach α计算;并分别用RNADL和改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定,用Pearson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性.主要观察指标RNADL评定量表的信度和效度检测结果.结果RNADL评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好,各项组内相关系数(ICC)范围为0.966～0.998,r=0.996～0.997;内部一致性信度系数α=0.822,各项之间α=0.925,RNADL内部一致性较好.RNADL和MBI的比较研究得出出、入院RNADL与MBI改变值间相关性良好(r=0.89,P＜0.001).结论RNADL具有很高的重测信度,内部一致性较好,与MBI有良好的关联效度,是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表.     

康复护理日常生活活动评定量表的信度和效度研究

背景：在康复医学中有许多种日常生活活动(ADL)能力评定量表，但符合康复护理程序的评定量表甚少。为此，浙江省康复中心从2000年开始研究设计了康复护理ADL(rehabilitative nursing ADL，RNADL)评定量表，并制定了评定内容和评定标准。目的：探讨康复护理ADL评定量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的重测信度、内部一致性及量表的有效信度。设计：重复测量设计。单位：浙江省望江山疗养院，浙江省康复中心。对象：2001-04／2003-04浙江省望江山疗养院康复医学科进行康复治疗的ADL功能障碍的40例患者。方法：对40例住院康复患者用RNADL量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析；内部一致性用Cronbach α计算；并分别用RNADL和改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定，用Peanson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性。主要观察指标：RNADL评定量表的信度和效度检测结果。结果：RNADL评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好，各项组内相关系数(ICC)范围为0．966～0．998，r=0.996-0.997；内部一致性信度系数a=0．822，各项之间a=0．925，RNADL内部一致性较好。RNADL和MBI的比较研究得出：出、入院RNADL与MBI改变值间相关性良好(r=0.89，P&;lt;0．001)。结论：RNADL．具有很高的重测信度，内部一致性较好，与MBI有良好的关联效度，是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表。     

功能综合评定量表效度的研究

目的:研究功能综合评定(FCA)量表在评测残疾患者中的效度。方法:对已明确诊断的20例残疾患者进行FCA量表效度分析,其中脑血管意外患者7例,外伤性颅脑损伤患者6例,脑瘤术后患者5例,脊髓损伤患者2例。将FCA运动分、认知分、社会交往分与Barthel指数、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、生活质量指数(QLI)得分作相关分析。结果:FCA运动分与Barthel指数显著相关(r=0.977,P<0.001),FCA认知分与MMSE评分也显著相关(r=0.926,P<0.001),FCA社会交往分与QLI评分也有较好的相关性(r=0.978,P<0.001)。结论:FCA与Barthel指数、MMSE及QLI有良好的标准效度,是整体残疾功能评测的一项有效的评测工具。     

基于ICF的失能评估工具在临床应用中的信度研究

目的验证基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)的功能评定工具在失能评估中的信度。方法选取江苏钟山老年康复医院存在功能障碍的住院患者371例参与本研究,以基于ICF的功能评定工具对患者进行失能评估,以数字化评定量表(0~10分)评估条目失能程度。分析失能评定工具的内在一致性、评估者间信度、评估者内信度。结果基于ICF的失能评定量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.89,评估者间信度分析显示量表总分的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.85,量表包含的20个条目的ICC在0.78~0.94(P<0.01);评估者内信度分析显示量表的总分ICC为0.95,除b230听力外,量表包含的其它条目ICC在0.72~0.97(P<0.01)。结论基于ICF的失能评定工具与数字评定量表联合在临床失能评估应用中具有良好的内在一致性及评估者间信度和评估者内信度。     

中文版NGASR应用于住院抑郁症患者的信度和效度研究

目的:探讨护士用自杀风险评估量表(NGASR)应用于住院抑郁症患者的信度和效度。方法:对102例住院抑郁症患者进行中文版NGASR、MINI自杀分量表、Beck绝望量表(BHS)及汉密尔顿24项抑郁量表(HDRS-24)评定,计算NGASR的内部因子一致性信度、评定者一致性信度、重测信度及效标关联效度等。结果:NGASR内部一致性Cronbach'sα系数为0.667,两位评定者之间的一致性相关系数为0.995(P=0.000),重测信度为0.988(P=0.000);依据量表总分划分的自杀风险等级与专家意见进行符合率比较,显示总符合率达96%,两者之间准确率及一致性高;相关分析显示,中文版NGASR与MINI自杀分量表总分相关为0.818(P=0.000),与HDRS-24项总分相关为0.499(P=0.000),与BHS中的三个因子总分相关分别为-0.614(P=0.000)、0.723(P=0.000)、0.652(P=0.000)。结论:NGASR用于住院抑郁症患者中具有较好的信度和效度。     

两种步态量表在脑卒中偏瘫步行评定中的评测者间信度

目的研究威斯康辛步态量表(WGS)、异常步态分级量表(GARS)在脑卒中异常步态评价中的评测者间信度。方法 2名物理治疗师对20例脑卒中后偏瘫患者前、后、左、右方向上的步行视频根据WGS、GARS进行评价。采用等级间相关系数(ICC)评价WGS和GARS的评测者间信度。结果 WGS评测者间信度ICC=0.327~1,GARS评测者间信度ICC=0~0.875。结论WGS具有较好的评测者间信度,较GARS更适用于脑卒中偏瘫患者的步态评定。     

Multiresolution Data Acquisition and Detection in Functional MRI

In an investigation of a multiresolution and multistaged approach in functional MRI, the relationship between spatial resolution and detection of functional activation is examined. The difference between functional detection and mapping is defined, and a multiresolution approach to functional detection is analyzed by constructing simple theoretical and experimental models simulating variations of in-plane resolution. Experimentally measured blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes as well as BOLD contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) with respect to different spatial resolutions are compared with results from theoretical predictions and simulation. From both an experimental and a theoretical perspective, it is shown that BOLD CNR and, thus, the concomitant detection of the functional activation are maximized when the resolution matches the size of activation.     

Testing the functional status model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease usually experience gradual functional status degradation, especially dyspnoea, which may affect their daily activities and, eventually, quality of life. A full understanding of both their physiological and psychological functional status is therefore beneficial for effective treatment and helping patients regain or maintain control of their lives. METHOD: Based on a non-experimental research design, 138 patients to test a hypothesized model of functional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using structural equation modelling, were recruited from a medical center. Data were collected using questionnaires, 6-minute walking distance measurement, and pulmonary function test results recorded in patients' medical records. The proposed functional status model incorporated the exogenous variables disease severity and dyspnoea, and the endogenous variables age, exercise tolerance, fatigue, depression, anxiety, health perception and functional performance. Structural equation modelling with the lisrel software was used to establish a functional status model with those exogenous and endogenous variables. RESULTS: The results indicated a good fit between the proposed functional status model and the data collected [chi(2) = 8.84, P = 0.64, chi(2)/d.f. = 0.80, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.98, adjusted GFI (AGFI) = 0.95, root mean square residual (RMR) = 0.04, Critical N (CN) = 384.26]. Coefficients for paths in the functional status model all demonstrated statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The functional status model was shown to consist of functional performance, functional capacity and other concepts, including disease severity, dyspnoea, age, exercise tolerance, fatigue, depression, anxiety and health perception. These results can be used to develop a suitable functional status model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and could act as a reference for formulating future strategies and intervention procedures for further development of functional status.     

Short Physical Performance Battery: Response to Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Minimal Important Difference Estimates in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

ObjectiveTo determine the response to a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program and minimal important differences (MIDs) for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) subtests and SPPB summary score in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignRetrospective analysis using distribution- and anchor-based methods.SettingPR center in the Netherlands including a comprehensive 40-session 8-week inpatient or 14-week outpatient program.ParticipantsA total of 632 patients with COPD (age, 65±8y; 50% male; forced expiratory volume in the first second=43% [interquartile range, 30%-60%] predicted).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureBaseline and post-PR results of the SPPB, consisting of 3 balance standing tests, 4-meter gait speed (4MGS), and 5-repetition sit-to-stand (5STS). The chosen anchors were the 6-Minute Walk Test and COPD Assessment Test. Patients were stratified according to their SPPB summary scores into low-performance, moderate-performance, and high-performance groups.Results5STS (∆=−1.14 [−4.20 to −0.93]s) and SPPB summary score (∆=1 [0-2] points) improved after PR in patients with COPD. In patients with a low performance at baseline, balance tandem and 4MGS significantly increased as well. Based on distribution-based calculations, the MID estimates ranged between 2.19 and 6.33 seconds for 5STS and 0.83 to 0.96 points for SPPB summary score.ConclusionsThe 5STS and SPPB summary score are both responsive to PR in patients with COPD. The balance tandem test and 4MGS are only responsive to PR in patients with COPD with a low performance at baseline. Based on distribution-based calculations, an MID estimate of 1 point for the SPPB summary score is recommended in patients with COPD. Future research is needed to confirm MID estimates for SPPB in different centers.     

失眠患者杏仁核功能连接的静息态功能磁共振成像

目的分析静息状态下失眠患者杏仁核与其他脑功能连接的改变。方法失眠患者39例为失眠组,体检健康者23例为对照组,2组均进行临床匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAMA)、世界卫生组织-加利福尼亚听觉词语学习测验(World Health Organization University of California Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test, WHO-UCLA AVLT)评估睡眠、认知、情绪情况,2组均行磁共振常规扫描和静息态功能MRI扫描(resting-state functional MRI, rs-fMRI),以双侧杏仁核为种子点,比较2组脑功能连接的差异;采用Pearson相关分析失眠组长时记忆评分与左侧杏仁核-左侧海马旁回、左侧杏仁核-右侧海马旁回的功能连接强度的相关性。结果失眠组PSQI[(13.46±2.74)分]、HAMA[(10.10±3.97)分]、HAMD[(9.56±3.48)分]评分及认知障碍评分[(1.23±0.67)分]明显高于对照组[(2.52±1.75)、(1.57±1.90)、(0.78±1.24)、(0.08±0.07)分](P<0.05),WHO-UCLA学习记忆量表中长时记忆[(10.67±2.35)分]和再认记忆[(12.36±2.40)分]评分低于对照组[(11.96±1.85)、(13.39±1.31)分](P<0.05);与对照组比较,失眠组左侧杏仁核与后扣带回、双侧海马旁回、双侧海马、颞叶、舌回和枕叶的功能连接增强(P<0.05),右侧杏仁核与边缘叶、右侧海马旁回、舌回、枕叶、右侧距状皮层、后扣带回、前额叶功能连接增强(P<0.05);失眠组长时记忆评分与左侧杏仁核-左侧海马旁回、左侧杏仁核-右侧海马旁回的功能连接强度呈正相关(r=0.556,P<0.001;r=0.150,P=0.032)。结论失眠患者双侧杏仁核与多个脑区的功能连接出现异常,可能是失眠患者出现情绪调节障碍、认知障碍等的机制之一。     

Efficacy of eletriptan in migraine-related functional impairment: functional and work productivity outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To provide a multidimensional assessment of the extent of functional impairment during an acute migraine attack, and of the improvement in functioning in response to treatment, using 4 concurrently administered scales: the 7-item work productivity questionnaire (PQ-7), the functional assessment in migraine (FAIM) activities and participation (FAIM-A&P) subscale, the FAIM-impact of migraine on mental functioning (FAIM-IMMF) subscale, and the traditional 4-point global functional impairment scale (FIS). METHODS: Outpatients with an International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnosis of migraine were randomized to double-blind treatment of a single attack with either oral eletriptan 20 mg (n = 192) once-daily, eletriptan 40 mg (N = 213) once-daily, or placebo (n = 208). Patients were encouraged to take study medication as soon as they were sure they were experiencing a typical migraine headache, after the aura phase (if present) had ended. Patients with moderate-to-severe functional impairment were identified on each of the 4 disability scales, and 2-hour functional response was compared between treatments. RESULTS: At baseline, the PQ-7 and FAIM-IMMF items that assessed ability to perform tasks requiring concentration, sustained work or attention, and ability to think quickly or spontaneously, were especially sensitive to the effects of mild headache pain, with 27% to 48% of patients (n = 92-112) reporting moderate-to-severe impairment. Only 11.3% of patients (n = 112) reported this level of impairment due to mild pain on the FIS. Functional response at 2 hours was significantly higher on eletriptan 40 mg versus placebo on the FAIM-A&P (63% vs 36%; n = 218; P < .0001); on the PQ-7 (56% vs 34%; n = 116; P= .0052); and on the FAIM-IMMF (50% vs 34%; n = 215; P= .017). These rates were all lower than the functional response rates on the FIS for eletriptan 40 mg (75%) and eletriptan 20 mg (70%) versus placebo (45%; P < .001). Conclusions.-In this exploratory analysis, use of multidimensional scales was found to provide a sensitive measure of headache-related functional impairment, especially for detecting clinically meaningful cognitive effects, and for detecting drug versus placebo differences.     

FIM量表在外伤性颅脑损伤患者康复疗效评价中的应用

目的 :运用功能独立性评价量表 (FIM )评价外伤性颅脑损伤 (TBI)患者的康复治疗疗效 ,比较闭合性颅脑损伤 (CBI)和开放性颅脑损伤 (OBI)患者的临床特点和康复治疗的效果。方法 :79例TBI患者中 ,5 7例为CBI、2 2例为OBI。运用FIM量表评价两组患者康复治疗前后的功能情况 ,统计患者的入院天数 ,计算FIM效率。结果 :CBI和OBI患者入院时的FIM总评分分别为 81.5 1和 73.0 9;出院时FIM总评分分别为 115 .0 4和 117.77,两组平均增加 4 1%和 5 3%。两组患者康复治疗前后FIM各项评分自身相比有非常显著差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,但两组之间相比无显著差异。两组患者的FIM效率分别为 1.99分 /天和 1.71分 /天。结论 :康复治疗可有效改善TBI(无论是CBI还是OBI)患者的功能情况。康复治疗应强调早期和综合性治疗     

轻微型肝性脑病患者静息态下双侧楔前叶与全脑其他区域功能连接变化

目的 观察轻微型肝性脑病（MHE）患者静息态下双侧楔前叶与全脑其他区域功能连接（FC）变化。方法 对22例肝硬化伴MHE患者（MHE组）、23例肝硬化无MHE患者（NMHE组）和24名健康志愿者（对照组）行静息态fMRI,选择双侧楔前叶为种子点,采用种子体素相关性脑功能网络分析方法计算并比较各组间双侧楔前叶与全脑其他区域的FC。结果 与对照组比较,MHE组左侧楔前叶与右侧额上回、左侧中扣带回的FC及右侧楔前叶与右侧颞极、左侧颞上回、双侧前额叶和内侧扣带回的FC降低,NMHE组左侧楔前叶与右侧额中回的FC及右侧楔前叶与左侧楔前叶、左侧中扣带回的FC降低（P均<0.05）;与NMHE组比校,MHE组左侧楔前叶与右侧额上回的FC及右侧楔前叶与右侧脑岛、右侧额中/上回的FC降低（P均<0.05）。结论 MHE患者静息态下双侧楔前叶与全脑多个脑区FC存在异常,这可能是其大脑内源性神经功能损伤的机制之一。     

丘脑在舒芬太尼中枢镇痛中的作用

目的探讨舒芬太尼的中枢镇痛机制。方法选择健康受试者17例(男8例,女9例),依次在基础阶段和靶控输注舒芬太尼(0.2 ng/ml)后行功能磁共振(fMRI)扫描。选取丘脑为感兴趣脑区,应用SPM软件对所有实验数据进行处理。结果靶控输注舒芬太尼后,与丘脑功能连接减弱的脑区包括双侧额叶直回、左侧额叶眶后回;与丘脑功能连接增强的脑区包括双侧小脑、右侧扣带回及左侧颞中回(P<0.001,cluster>13 mm3)。结论丘脑是舒芬太尼中枢镇痛机制中起到重要作用的脑区。额叶直回、左侧额叶眶后回、右侧扣带回、小脑及左侧颞中回与丘脑间功能连接的变化可能是舒芬太尼中枢镇痛机制中的重要组成部分。     

Application of the ICIDH in survey research on rehabilitation: the emergence of the functional diagnosis

Summary

The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) has been hypothesized to be an excellent conceptual framework for the functional diagnosis, i.e. the evaluation of health problems by rehabilitation specialists. The ICIDH-based functional diagnosis was assessed in a series of survey studies on physical therapy, exercise therapy, occupational therapy, podiatry, and speech therapy. The results show that the functional diagnosis tends to be reliable; that treatment goals, derived from the diagnosis, offer a sensible characterization of care given by rehabilitation specialists; and that treatment goals validly predict the selection of interventions by rehabilitation specialists. It is concluded that the application of the ICIDH in research on the functional diagnosis is highly appropriate. In future studies the concept of the functional diagnosis and the diagnostic procedures should be further developed.