Satisfacción vital y factores sociodemográficos en mujeres de mediana edad

ObjectiveTo assess life satisfaction and related factors in middle-aged Spanish women.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study including 235 women aged 40 to 65, living in Granada (Spain), healthy companions of patients visiting the obstetrics and gynecology clinics. They completed the Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Menopause Rating Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index and a sociodemographic questionnaire containing personal and partner data. Internal consistency of each tool was also calculated.ResultsAlmost two-thirds (61.3%) of the women were postmenopausal, and 43.8% had abdominal obesity, 36.6% had insomnia, 18.7% had poor menopause-related quality of life, 31.9% performed regular exercise, and 5.1% had severe financial problems. Life satisfaction showed significant positive correlations (Spearman's test) with female and male age, and inverse correlations with menopause-related quality of life, perceived stress and insomnia. In the multiple linear regression analysis, high life satisfaction is positively correlated with having a partner who performed exercise, and inversely with having work problems, perceived stress and the suspicion of partner infidelity. These factors explained 40% of the variance of the multiple regression analysis for life satisfaction in middle-aged women.ConclusionLife satisfaction is a construct related to perceived stress, work problems, and having a partner, while aspects of menopause and general health had no significant influence.     

控制源与健康行为训练对首发精神分裂症患者恢复期的影响

目的探讨控制源和健康行为训练对首发精神分裂症患者恢复期的影响。方法将92例首发精神分裂症恢复期患者随机分为两组各46例，均给予抗精神病药物治疗。研究组在此基础上联合控制源和健康行为训练，观察随访2a。于出院时、出院后6mo末、1a末、2a末采用潘氏量表、内控性有势力的他人及机遇量表、社会功能缺陷筛选量表、自编健康行为量表、生活满意度指数A量表评定临床疗效、内控水平、健康行为及生活满意度等。结果随访2a末，研究组内控水平、健康行为、服药依从性、生活满意度均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；复发率、社会功能缺陷、潘氏量表总分及阳性、阴性症状因子分明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论对首发精神分裂症患者进行控制源和健康行为训练，可提高患者的疗效及服药依从性，减少疾病的复发率，改善其社会功能和生活满意度。     

Depression and social support: effective treatments for homebound elderly adults

Assessment of depression in homebound elderly adults is crucial because depression affects quality of life, mortality, and health care costs. The prevalence of depression in homebound elderly adults is estimated to range from 26% to 44% (Banerjee, Shamash, Macdonald, & Mann, 1996). Review of the literature indicates that depression is a common problem among elderly individuals; and elderly individuals can benefit from prompt treatment. This pilot study assessed the prevalence of depression in 25 homebound elderly adults in the Chicago area and the relationship of depression to perceived level of social support, measured using Yesavage and Brink's (1983) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Sarason, Sarason, Shearin, and Pierce's (1987) Social Support Scale, and a checklist of formal services received in the home. The study was conducted in the homes of 25 home health patients. This pilot study found 52% (13) of the participants scored in the moderately depressed range on the GDS. Although satisfaction with individuals who provide social support was rated highly by all participants, the level of support was not significantly related to depression. Formal measures of social support and living alone were not found to be related to depression in this study. Depression was higher in White men. These findings have implications for the increased monitoring of depression by home health nurses and other primary care providers to homebound elderly adults.     

老年人社会支持情况与生活质量的关系

背景:美国简明健康测量量表中文版与中国老年人生活质量调查表,哪个更能反映中国老年人的社会支持情况与其生活质量的相关性?目的:分析和探讨老年人社会支持情况对其生活质量的影响。设计:随机抽样,以人群为基础的横断面调查研究。地点、对象和方法:采用社会支持评定量表(socialsupportreviewques-tionnaire,SSRS,MOSSF-36)和老年人生活质量调查表对苏州市167名离退休人员进行自评调查。主要观察指标:苏州市167名离退休人员SSRS,MOSSF-36,老年人生活质量调查评定结果。结果:用MOSSF-36量表测出的生活质量中的活力和精神健康与该老年人群的社会支持情况的主观支持相关,其余均与社会支持情况不相关。中国老年人生活质量调查表测出的生活质量总分和家庭和睦、社会交往、生活满意度与该老年人群的社会支持情况显著正相关,其中生活质量总分和家庭和睦、社会交往、生活满意度与主观支持显著正相关;家庭和睦、居住条件和生活满意度与客观支持显著正相关;心理卫生与支持利用度显著正相关。结论:对于中国老年人的社会支持情况是与其生活质量密切相关的因素,中国老年人生活质量调查表在社会支持方面较SF-36中文版量表更敏感、更明显。     

Life satisfaction of the elderly American Indian

This study examined the life satisfaction of 58 elderly American Indians and its relationship to selected external and internal environmental factors. Elderly Indians were 51-85 years of age and resided on two midwestern reservations. Data were collected through use of the Life Satisfaction Index Z-scale (LSI-Z), the Oars Multi-dimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OARS) and a semi-structured interview schedule. Findings indicated that life satisfaction tended to be high. Six internal environmental variables explained 40% of the variance in life satisfaction scores. A higher correlation was found between self-perception of life satisfaction and mental health than objective ratings on these two variables. This study suggests that variables associated with the internal environment may be useful as indicators of life satisfaction in elderly reservation American Indians and that subjective measures of life satisfaction may be more predictive of mental health than objective measures.     

老年脑卒中患者生活满意度与心理健康状况的相关性研究

目的了解老年脑卒中患者的生活满意度、心理健康状况及其相关性。方法采用老年人生活质量调查表(Senile Life Quality Scale,SLQS)中的生活满意度(life satisfaction,LS)及症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist90,SCL-90)对62名老年脑卒中患者(观察组)及62名老年人(对照组)进行测评,并对生活满意度与心理健康状况进行相关性分析。结果观察组LS总分、经济收入、吃穿、子女孝顺、身体健康、家庭生活及人际关系评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);而躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对及恐怖评分均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。老年脑卒中患者的生活满意度评分与抑郁、躯体化、焦虑及人际关系敏感评分均呈负相关。结论老年脑卒中患者的生活满意度及心理健康状况均低于对照组,其生活满意度与心理健康状况有关。     

Life satisfaction of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using long-term mechanical ventilatory support

The Life Domain Satisfaction Measures and Semantic Differential Scale of General Affect are instruments designed by Campbell to measure perceived well-being. They were used to survey 82 ventilator-assisted individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 273 physically intact health care professionals. A third instrument was devised to study the relative undesirability of dependence on mechanical ventilation. Ten of 80 responding patients (12.5%) expressed dissatisfaction with their lives in general. This compares with 9% of the surveyed health care professionals and 7% of the general population studied by Campbell. The health care professionals significantly underestimated the patients' scores in the life satisfaction and general affect instruments and significantly overestimated the patients' assessment of the relative hardship associated with ventilator dependence. We conclude that the vast majority of severely disabled chronic ventilator-assisted individuals with DMD have a positive affect and are satisfied with life despite the physical dependence which precludes many of the activities most commonly associated with perceived quality of life for physically intact individuals. Health care professionals should not use their judgment of the patient's quality of life to justify withholding life-sustaining therapy.     

Life satisfaction in 6 European countries: the relationship to health, self-esteem, and social and financial resources among people (Aged 65-89) with reduced functional capacity

The aim of this study was to investigate how overall health, participation in physical activities, self-esteem, and social and financial resources are related to life satisfaction among people aged 65 and older with reduced activities of daily living (ADL) capacity in 6 European countries. A subsample of the European Study of Adults' Well-Being (ESAW), consisting of 2,195 people with reduced ADL capacity from Sweden, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Austria, and Italy, was included. The Older Americans' Resources Schedule (OARS), the Life Satisfaction Index Z, and the Self-Esteem Scale were used. In all national samples, overall health, self-esteem, and feeling worried, rather than ADL capacity, were significantly associated with life satisfaction. The findings indicate the importance of taking not only the reduction in functional capacity into account but also the individual's perception of health and self-esteem when outlining health care and nursing aimed at improving life satisfaction. The study thus suggests that personal rather than environmental factors are important for life satisfaction among people with reduced ADL capacity living in Europe.     

Predictors of life satisfaction: a spinal cord injury cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To determine unique demographic, medical, perceived health, and handicap predictors of life satisfaction 2 years after spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as the predictors of change in life satisfaction from year 1 to year 2. DESIGN: Prospective predictive study performed by using longitudinal data from 18 Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems. SETTING: University physical medicine and rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with traumatic onset SCI (N = 940) evaluated at 1 and 2 years' postinjury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) 2 years post-SCI. Predictor variables: demographic characteristics, impairment and disability classifications, and 1 year post-SCI measures of life satisfaction (SWLS), medical complications, self-perceived health (Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey), and extent of handicap (Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique). RESULTS: The factors uniquely associated with an increased risk of lower self-reported life satisfaction at year 2 post-SCI included being male and unemployed, with poor perceived health, decreased mobility, and decreased social integration. After controlling for year 1 estimates of life satisfaction (ie, examining change in life satisfaction), only mobility and perceived health were uniquely related to life satisfaction 2 years post-SCI. CONCLUSION: Mobility and perceived health appear to be the consistent predictors of life satisfaction at year 2 post-SCI, as well as change in satisfaction from year 1 to year 2. Because both factors are amenable to change, they are reasonable targets of intervention programs. Identifying specific mechanisms of perceived health and mobility associated with life satisfaction should be an important area of continued research.     

对老年人实施超越老化团体支持的研究

目的探讨超越老化团体支持对老年人超越老化观感、抑郁及生活满意度的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将符合标准的70名老年人分为试验组和对照组,试验组给予超越老化团体支持,对照组则保持原有的生活方式。干预前后分别用超越老化观感量表、老年人抑郁量表及生活满意度量表对两组研究对象进行问卷调查。结果试验组干预后,超越老化观感、生活满意度得分皆优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超越老化团体支持对老年人超越老化观感、抑郁以及生活满意度具有积极影响。     

Quality of life of elderly patients after treatment in the ICU

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment on quality of life (QOL) outcomes for critically ill elderly patients 4-6 months after ICU discharge. A mean overall score of 21.4 (SD=6.3) was obtained with the Quality of Life Index (Ferrans & Powers, 1985), indicating that all the ICU survivors in the sample (N=164) reported good QOL and were satisfied with areas of life that were important to them. Greater social support, better perceived health status, fewer days of hospitalization, and a hospital readmission since discharge were associated with higher QOL (R2=.51). This sample of elderly ICU survivors maintained a good QOL after their critical illness regardless of age.     

The role of interpersonal sensitivity,social support,and quality of life in rural older adults

The mental health of elderly individuals in rural areas is increasingly relevant as populations age and social structures change. While social support satisfaction is a well-established predictor of quality of life, interpersonal sensitivity symptoms may diminish this relation. The current study extends the findings of Scogin et al by investigating the relationship among interpersonal sensitivity, social support satisfaction, and quality of life among rural older adults and exploring the mediating role of social support in the relation between interpersonal sensitivity and quality of life (N = 128). Hierarchical regression revealed that interpersonal sensitivity and social support satisfaction predicted quality of life. In addition, bootstrapping resampling supported the role of social support satisfaction as a mediator between interpersonal sensitivity symptoms and quality of life. These results underscore the importance of nurses and allied health providers in assessing and attending to negative self-perceptions of clients, as well as the perceived quality of their social networks.     

觉知压力在社区老年人社会支持与心理健康间的中介效应研究

目的 探讨觉知压力在社区老年人社会支持与心理健康间的中介效应,为促进社区老年人心理健康,改善其生活质量提供参考依据.方法 2020年1-9月,采用便利抽样法抽取某市社区老年人806名为研究对象,采用觉知压力量表(Chi-nese perceived stress scale,CPSS)、社会支持评定量表(social ...     

A study of spirituality and life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of spirituality and life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. A nationwide sample of 230 persons with long-term spinal cord injury completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Quality of Life Index (QLI), and a demographic data form. Data analysis also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and psychological/spiritual factors of the QLI instrument. Nurses are mandated by the International Council of Nurses, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the Patient's Bill of Rights (Maddox, 2001) to provide spiritual care for clients. Rehabilitation nurses have the opportunity to support spirituality and life satisfaction as we assist our clients with disabilities to redefine their lives and explore new life opportunities.     

Self-reported sensory impairment and life satisfaction in older French-speaking adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of sensory impairments to life satisfaction in the elderly. A secondary data analysis was conducted with 826 older French-speaking participants in a larger study. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the role played by 4 sets of variables in life satisfaction. The demographic variables included age, sex, education, and income. The health variables included number of chronic illnesses, functional limitations, and story recall.There were 4 lifestyle variables: social support, social activity, physical activity, and perceived control.The sensory impairment variables included vision and hearing.The final model explained 36% of the variance. All variables except story recall and physical activity were found to be significant. Although health explained a larger percentage of the variance, the sensory impairment variables contributed significantly to the model.The findings indicate that vision and hearing are important components of life satisfaction.     

Predicting life satisfaction among adults with physical disabilities.

The perceptions of life satisfaction among adults with physical disabilities were examined in this research. Personal interviews were conducted with 790 adults who had a physical disability. Data were collected using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, and the Life 3 Scale. Results from a stepwise multiple regression analysis (n = 344) indicated that leisure satisfaction was the most significant predictor of life satisfaction, explaining 42% of the variance in the life satisfaction scores for this population. An additional 11% of the variance in life satisfaction was explained by scores on financial status, self-esteem, health satisfaction, religious satisfaction, and marital status. Findings from this research highlight the role that leisure satisfaction plays in enhancing life satisfaction among individuals with physical disabilities. Furthermore, the findings suggest that leisure and life satisfaction levels are influenced by employment status and whether the disability was acquired. Discussion centers on the potential contribution that therapeutic recreation can have in the rehabilitation arena.     

Predictors of life satisfaction in HIV-positive Nepali women.

In a cross-sectional design, the authors examined the degree to which indicators of physical, mental, and social domains and perceived health predicted life satisfaction in 98 HIV-positive women who were former commercial sex workers in Nepal. Measures included the Quality of Life Inventory, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Life satisfaction was significantly associated with physical functioning (r = .32), role-physical (r = .31), bodily pain (r = .32), mental health (r = .39), anxiety (r = -.66), depression (r = -.47), social functioning (r = .47), and health transition (r = .49). Anxiety (beta = -.75), health transition, (beta = .45), role-physical (beta = -.43), physical function (beta = .24), and mental health (beta = -.23) explained 60% of the variance in life satisfaction. The authors discuss the challenges of international studies, including salience of the concept of quality of life, conceptual and cultural equivalence of instruments, identification of culturally relevant concerns, disclosure of private information, and instrument format.     

Life satisfaction and spinal cord injury: the patient perspective

Spinal cord injury is a high-cost disability requiring numerous personal life-style changes. As a result of advanced medical and nursing care, life expectancy of the spinal cord-injured (SCI) individual has greatly increased. Economic impact and changes in life expectancy have led to assumptions about life satisfaction in SCI individuals. Those assumptions are: (1) spinal cord-injured individuals have less life satisfaction than the general population, and (2) since these individuals cannot lead "normal" lives, they may be better off not living. This study attempted to disprove those assumptions by determining whether correlation existed between life satisfaction and physical functioning in SCI individuals. Telephone interviews were conducted with 31 individuals who had suffered spinal cord injury. Data were collected through the use of the Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale (LSES) and the Barthel Index. A correlation was found to exist between LSES scores and Barthel scores, but Barthel scores and the LSES subscale scores for goals, mood and finance had low correlations. The data suggest nurses may enhance life satisfaction in the SCI individual by focusing on adaptation in the three subscales of goals, mood and finance.