腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术的临床体会

目的应用腹腔镜技术行腹腔内多脏器联合手术。方法分析10余年来由肝胆外科、妇产科、泌尿外科等联合完成腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术，其中行LC＋肠粘连松解术23例，LC＋阑尾切除术10例，LC＋肝囊肿开窗引流术12例，LC＋肝活检术13例，LC＋子宫附件手术6例，LC＋右肾囊肿去顶术2例，肝囊肿开窗引流＋肠粘连松解术3例。结果69例手术均顺利完成，无不可控制的出血，无中转开腹，无术后并发症发生。平均手术时间为100min，单病灶LC为45min；术后平均住院天数为5．2d，LC3．8d。所有患者均在术后36h内下床活动，术后第2天恢复饮食。结论腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术不增加患者痛苦，一次手术同时完成两个病灶，缩短了麻醉、手术和住院时间，从而减轻了患者的经济负担，兼有微创美容的效果。     

腹腔镜联合多脏器手术18例报告

随着腹腔镜手术应用范围的拓宽,腹腔镜下联合多脏器手术已被广泛采用。我院于1998年1月～1999年8月共完成腹腔镜联合多脏器手术18例,报告如下。1　临床资料本组腹腔镜联合多脏器手术18例,男4例,女14例,年龄22～67岁,平均41岁。均采用连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉加强化。其疾病种类及手术方法见附表。附表　疾病种类及手术方法疾病种类手术方法例数胆囊结石 肝囊肿ＬＣ 肝囊肿开窗术4胆囊结石 慢性阑尾炎ＬＣ 阑尾切除术5胆囊结石 胆总管结石ＬＣ 胆总管切开取石术2胆囊结石 卵巢囊肿ＬＣ 卵巢囊肿切除术3胆囊结石 肝血管瘤ＬＣ 无水酒精注射1胆囊结…     

腹腔镜在腹部多脏器联合手术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合手术治疗胆囊疾病合并非寄生虫性肝囊肿或／和阑尾炎的临床价值。方法 21例胆囊炎合并肝囊肿，11例胆囊炎合并阑尾炎，11例胆囊炎合并肝囊肿，阑尾炎。9例胆囊息内合并肝囊肿。均在腹腔镜下切除胆囊，肝囊肿囊壁电凝开窗，吸尽囊液，切除阑尾。结果 平均手术时间增加20～30min，全组术后恢复良好，不增加住院时间，无并发症。结论 腹腔镜联合手术治疗腹腔内多种疾病，更能体现微创优势。     

腹腔镜联合手术治疗肠粘连合并阑尾炎45例临床分析

目的明确腹腔镜联合手术治疗肠粘连合并阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法选取我院2010年1月～2012年6月收治的肠粘连合并阑尾炎患者87例,随机分为观察组45例和对照组42例,观察组施行腹腔镜阑尾切除术联合肠粘连松解术,对照组施行常规开腹手术,观察两组手术情况、临床效果及并发症情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、肠蠕动恢复时间、平均住院时间和并发症率均显著少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜联合手术治疗肠粘连合并阑尾炎疗效显著,手术创伤小,安全性高,术后胃肠功能恢复快,肠粘连复发等并发症率低,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合术中内镜下乳突肌切开术治疗胆总管结石的手术配合

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除联合术中内镜下乳突肌切开术(EST)治疗胆总管结石手术的护理配合方法。方法:对14例胆囊结石合并胆总管继发结石患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,术前做好患者准备和物品准备,手术体位的正确摆放术中配合顺序以及术后正确处理。结果:14例手术患者均顺利完成,无术中并发症及术后并发症的发生,效果满意。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除联合术中EST治疗胆总管结石,可以部分取代开腹手术,且具有创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少等优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合术中内镜下乳突肌切开术治疗胆总管结石的手术配合

目的：总结腹腔镜胆囊切除联合术中内镜下乳突肌切开术（EST）治疗胆总管结石手术的护理配合方法。方法：对14例胆囊结石合并胆总管继发结石患者的临床资料进行回顾分析，术前做好患者准备和物品准备，手术体位的正确摆放术中配合顺序以及术后正确处理。结果：14例手术患者均顺利完成，无术中并发症及术后并发症的发生，效果满意。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除联合术中EST治疗胆总管结石，可以部分取代开腹手术，且具有创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少等优点     

胆囊合并肝外胆管结石的微创治疗探讨

目的 探讨胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石的微创治疗方法、适应证和安全性.方法 选择胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石患者90例,分别行腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜三镜联合和腹腔镜、胆道镜两镜联合手术,并观察术后临床表现.结果 三镜组34例,中转开腹1例(2.94％);腹腔镜手术平均历时92 min;术后发生胆漏2例,无其他并发症,无死亡;术后平均住院日8d.两镜组56例,中转开腹3例(5.36％);手术平均历时73 min;残余结石2例,未发生胆漏,无其他并发症,无死亡;术后平均住院日6.5 d.结论 三镜联合或两镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石具有微创、安全的优点;三镜联合分期治疗更适合于合并急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎患者;两镜联合治疗对于非急性炎症期患者更经济、更安全,患者更易接受.     

后腹腔镜直视下肾穿刺经皮肾镜治疗肾囊肿并上尿路结石(附16例报告)

目的:探讨同期后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶减压术联合MPCNL术治疗肾囊肿合并上尿路结石的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院近年收治的16例肾囊肿合并上尿路结石患者,实施同期后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶减压术联合MPCNL术的临床效果,观察手术成败、手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率及囊肿复发情况。结果:16例手术均顺利完成,术后无发热、感染、高血压等并发症。手术平均时间125 min;术中平均出血量82 ml;平均住院8.5 d;随访6~12个月,未见囊肿复发;其中首次结石清除13例(81.25%),二期手术结石清除3例(18.75%),结石总清除率100%。结论:同期后腹腔镜下囊肿去顶减压术联合MPCNL术治疗肾囊肿合并上尿路结石效果明显,兼备了微创手术创口小、恢复快、住院时间少等优点,同时具有结石清除率高的优点,但同时存在一定局限,受研究样本限制,研究仅供参考。     

十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石80例的护理

目的探讨护理在十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石中的作用。方法分析徐州医学院附属淮安医院2005-06-2010-01间采用十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者80例。结果 77例患者均成功实施十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗,术后恢复快,护理效果满意。结论十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石创伤小、恢复快、并发症少,加强围术期护理可为治疗的成功提供重要保证。     

子宫附件肿块合并慢性阑尾炎腹腔镜联合手术

目的 探讨子宫附件肿块合并慢性阑尾炎腹腔镜联合手术的可行性及临床意义.方法 对该院1999年6月～2005年6月实施的22例子宫附件肿块合并慢性阑尾炎腹腔镜联合手术进行回顾性分析.结果 22例全部腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,无中转开腹手术,无手术并发症.结论 子宫附件肿块合并慢性阑尾炎腹腔镜联合手术是安全可行的,符合联合手术的原则,体现了微创的优越性,并可以明确慢性阑尾炎的诊断.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.