SPECT/CT脑脊液断层显像定位隐匿性脑脊液鼻漏的临床意义及注意事项

目的探讨Hawkeye SPECT仪融合图像对隐匿性脑脊液鼻漏诊断和定位的临床价值及检查过程中的一些注意事项。方法选择30例确诊脑脊液鼻漏的患者,术前腰椎穿刺注射99mTc-DTPA后3h行SPECT/CT同机脑脊液断层显像,扫描结束后,进行图像处理及图像融合,通过图像分析确定脑脊液鼻漏的位置,进行定位诊断。结果 30例患者中,28例颅底至鼻部有异常放射性浓聚影,其中24例与手术证实漏口完全一致,其诊断灵敏度和定位准确性分别为93.3%（28/30）、85.7%（24/28）。结论 SPECT/CT同机脑脊液断层显像作为灵敏、简便和定位准确的检查手段,可用于隐匿性脑脊液鼻漏的定位诊断。     

Incremental value of CT in PET/CT of patients with colorectal carcinoma

Background: We assessed the contribution of dedicated computed tomographic (CT) interpretation to the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) plus CT in imaging patients with suspected primary or metastatic colorectal carcinoma.Methods: One hundred PET/CT scans in 90 consecutive patients were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging was performed on a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. PET images were obtained from the skull base through the midthigh after intravenous administration of 15 to 20 mCi of [¹⁸F] fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Noncontrast axial CT images were obtained at the same anatomic locations, with 140 kV, 80 mA, 0.8 s/CT rotation, a pitch of 6, and a table speed of 22.5 mm/s. The CT component of the PET/CT study was reviewed independently by consensus of two blinded readers. Scans were evaluated for the presence of primary disease, local recurrence, and distant metastases. Results were compared with the PET/CT report. The gold standard was clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 6 months, surgery, or biopsy.Results: The study included 40 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 63 years (range, 31–92 years). The indications for the examination were to evaluate for recurrence of colorectal cancer in 83 cases, determine disease spread in 15 cases, and evaluate for possible primary malignancy in two cases with rising carcinoembryonic antigen. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the PET/CT report and of the combined PET/CT with dedicated CT interpretation were 0.914, 0.633, and 0.830 and 0.986, 1.000, and 0.980, respectively. The difference between PET/CT and the combined PET/CT with dedicated CT interpretation with respect to accuracy was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The CT portion of PET/CT provides valuable anatomic and pathologic information to the functional information provided by PET and helps improve the overall accuracy of the combined study.     

正常人体部18F-FDG PET/CT 2D与3D显像各器官的SUV分布与比较

目的：比较研究正常人体部18F-FDG PET/CT 2D与3D显像各器官的标准化摄取值（SUV）分布。方法：健康体检者40人，按性别、年龄、体重、身高匹配分成两组，每组各20人，分别行18F-FDG PET/CT 2D与3D体部成像。计算各器官SUV，对组间SUV进行比较分析，并对左心室壁放射性分布进行评价分级。结果：2D与3D显像组各器官放射性分布均具有良好的一致性，SUV分布无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：2D或3D采集方式对正常人体部18F-FDG显像SUV半定量分析结果无明显影响。     

Demonstration of an internal pancreatic fistula by computed tomography

The computed tomographic demonstration of a mediastinal pseudocyst communicating with the pancreatic duct in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis is reported. An awareness of this communication was essential in planning the appropriate surgical management.     

比较PET/CT与PET/MRI诊断成人淋巴瘤

目的 比较PET/CT与PET/MRI诊断成人淋巴瘤的效能。方法 前瞻性观察45例淋巴瘤患者，行全身PET/CT和PET/MR检查，分别由2名医师独立评估PET/CT和PET/MRI，获得病灶最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）及对应D值、D^*值和f值，分析两种模式的诊断效能及分期差异。结果 PET/CT与PET/MRI均测出55个淋巴结和5个结外病灶的SUV_max，基于体素内不相干运动（IVIM）模型测出39个病灶的对应值。医师间对阳性病灶检测率一致性极强（k=1.000），PET/CT与PET/MRI的一致性极强（k=0.956）；对于淋巴瘤分期，PET/CT与PET/MRI一致性极强（k=0.965）；PET/CT与PET/MRI的SUV_max呈高度相关（r=0.892，P<0.001），D值与SUV值低度相关（r=-0.312，P<0.050），f值与SUV值呈中度相关（r=0.520，P<0.001）。结论 PET/CT与PET/MRI对成人均有良好诊断效能，PET/MRI可提高淋巴瘤诊断及分期的准确率，多参数联合可预测和评估肿瘤异质性。     

发作间期PET显像与发作期SPECT脑显像在小儿顽固性癫痫定位诊断中的价值

目的:探讨发作间期FDG PET与发作期SPECT脑显像在小儿顽固性癫痫定位诊断中的价值。方法:对30例小儿顽固性癫痫患者行发作间期FDG PET与发作期SPECT显像,并对结果进行对比分析。结果:16例发作间期PET表现为局限性单叶代谢减低,14例表现为多灶或弥漫性改变。发作期SPECT显像18例为单叶局限性高灌注,10例为多处高灌注灶。30例患者中26例(86.7%)两项检查结果相符合,12例PET发作间期呈多病灶或弥漫性改变者,6例于发作期转化为单叶局限性病灶。结论:发作期SPECT结合发作间期PET显像,两者联合应用优势互补,可提高癫痫定位的准确性,为进一步治疗提供更可靠的信息。     

骨样骨瘤99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT特征

目的 观察骨样骨瘤的⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT/CT特征。方法 对36例临床疑诊骨样骨瘤患者行⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT/CT显像,分析其特征;以手术病理或影像学随访结果为诊断标准,评价SPECT/CT显像对骨样骨瘤的诊断价值。结果 36例中,最终确诊28例骨样骨瘤。⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT/CT诊断骨样骨瘤28例、其他疾病8例,诊断敏感度、特异度和准确率均为100%。28例骨样骨瘤中,骨皮质型8例（8/28,28.57%）,骨膜下型4例（4/28,14.29%）,松质骨型16例（16/28,57.14%）;17例（17/28,60.71%）病变位于关节囊内,11例（11/28,39.29%）位于关节囊外;⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT/CT显像均可见双密度征,瘤巢显像剂摄取明显高于周围骨质硬化,并逐渐递减。结论 骨样骨瘤的⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT/CT表现具有一定特征性,可为诊断及鉴别诊断提供信息。     

18F-FDG PET/CT检测淋巴结转移癌原发灶

目的 观察¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检测淋巴结转移癌原发灶的价值。方法 回顾性分析133例接受¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查的淋巴结转移癌患者,以临床综合诊断结果为标准,与淋巴结免疫组织化学结果对比,评估PET/CT检出淋巴结转移癌原发灶的效能。结果 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检出淋巴结转移癌原发灶的敏感度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.09%(37/44)、82.02%(73/89)、17.98%(16/89)、15.91%(7/44)、69.81%(37/53)及91.25%(73/80),淋巴结免疫组织化学分别为41.03%(16/39)、69.15%(65/94)、30.85%(29/94)、58.97%(23/39)、35.56%(16/45)及73.86%(65/88),前者的敏感度高于后者(P＜0.001);¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及淋巴结免疫组织化学检出淋巴转移癌原发灶的曲线下面积分别为0.83和0.62。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT用于检测淋巴结转移癌原发灶具有一定临床应用价值。     

原发性肺癌18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与其临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨原发性肺癌¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与其临床病理特征的关系。方法 回顾性收集经PET/CT及手术、经皮穿刺肺活检或纤维支气管镜组织病理检查证实的159例原发性肺癌患者,分别根据患者年龄、性别,原发灶位置、最大径、T分期、N分期及M分期进行分组,比较组间PET/CT及临床特征,分析其相关性。利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析肿瘤原发灶最大径、代谢参数与淋巴结转移的关系,以曲线下面积（AUC）评价其诊断效能。结果 组间比较,患者性别、原发灶大小、T分期、N分期、组织病理类型及肿瘤各代谢参数差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;肿瘤代谢体积（MTV）、病灶糖酵解总量（TLG）与M分期差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）、瘦体重标准化SUV_max（SUL_max）、MTV及TLG均与肿瘤原发灶最大径、T分期呈正相关（P均<0.05）,与N分期均无明显相关（P均>0.05）;MTV、TLG均与肿瘤M分期呈正相关（P均<0.05）。联合肿瘤原发灶最大径和SUV_max可预估淋巴结转移风险。结论 PET/CT所示肺癌SUV_max、SUL_max、MTV及TLG与其临床病理特征存在一定关系;联合应用原发灶最大径及SUV_max可预测淋巴结转移风险。     

非转移性甲状腺癌的比较影像学分析

目的探讨各种影像学检查方法在非转移性甲状腺癌中的诊断价值,提高该病的影像诊断水平。方法选择32例经临床病理证实为非转移性甲状腺癌的病例,回顾性分析其术前超声、CT、MRI和PET/CT图像,并与手术病理对照。结果肿瘤位于一侧叶者27例,一叶及峡部者4例,双叶者1例。病灶大小0.4cm×0.5cm-5.5cm×8cm,其中≤1cm者4例,〉1cm及≤4cm者22例,〉4cm者6例。形态呈类圆形28例,不规则形4例。边缘清楚者20例,边缘或部分边缘不清者12例。密度均匀者7例,密度不均者25例（其中囊变18例、出血5例）。内部见钙化者14例,无钙化者18例。四种检查对各种病变征象显示率不同,对病变诊断有不同的优缺点。定性诊断的准确率从高到低依次为PET/CT 87.5%、CT 68.8%、B超62.5%、MRI 50.0%,PET/CT与CT、B超和MRI之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,CT、B超与MRI之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 B超是诊断非转移性甲状腺癌首选和重要检查。CT是肿瘤定性和术前检查的必要方法。PET/CT是非转移性甲状腺癌定性诊断的最有效的手段。PET/CT和MRI在甲状腺微小癌诊断上有一定优势。     

FDG PET和CT对肺内病灶鉴别诊断的比较

目的:评价FDG PET显像及胸部CT对肺部病灶良恶性的鉴别能力。资料和方法:88例肺部肿块患者行FDG PET全身或胸部显像,以目测法和SUV值相结合判定病灶的良恶性,并与CT对照分析。结果:PET显像诊断肺部恶性肿瘤的灵敏度和特异性分别为93%(65/)和72%(13/18),而CT分别为61%(43/70)和17%(3/18)。结论:同CT相比,FDG PET能更准确地鉴别肺部病灶的良恶性,是一种有效的无创性诊断技术。     

罗萨伊-多尔夫曼病18F-FDG PET/CT表现

目的 观察罗萨伊-多尔夫曼病(RDD)¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT表现。方法 纳入6例活检病理确诊RDD患者，分析其¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及其他常规影像学检查资料，观察RDD ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT表现特点。结果 本组6例RDD中，1例为皮肤原发病变，3例为淋巴结内+结外病变，2例仅有淋巴结内病变；最常见的结外受累部位为骨(n=3),其次为鼻咽/鼻腔及鼻窦(n=2);PET/CT示其均呈FDG高摄取，最大标准摄取值为4.3～16.5。结论 RDD病灶¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT表现为FDG高摄取。     

Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease: the case for multiparametric imaging

Interventions to treat coronary artery disease are available but they must be targeted at the correct individuals (and indeed lesions), in order to gain maximal benefit with the minimal adverse effects. Coronary contrast angiography is not able to provide all the information required for the assessment of the effects of artery disease. Other imaging modalities are of growing importance as they can reduce radiation exposure and invasiveness of screening, as well as providing important extra information. The ideal ‘multiparametric’ imaging technique would assess anatomy, viability and lesion activity in a single quick scan. Currently, MRI is the technology closest to achieving this ideal, although the existing technology still has some limitations. This review discusses the currently available techniques for the imaging of coronary anatomy and of myocardial viability, and considers their benefits and limitations. We also discuss the developing field of imaging molecularly targeted to active coronary lesions. Finally we provide a 5-year view of the current and likely future optimal imaging strategies.     

Computed tomography for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in pediatric and adult patients

The development of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) has increased the clinical use of cardiac CT imaging in patients with congenital heart disease. Multi-slice CT has the advantages of fast scan speed; high spatial resolution, enabling the acquisition of isotropic volume data; and simultaneous evaluation of airways and lung parenchyma, thus increasing the ability to answer most clinical questions about structural abnormalities in patients with congenital heart disease. When coupled with electrocardiography-gating, multi-slice spiral CT can be used in functional evaluations, including ventricular wall motion, ventricular ejection fraction, and motion of cardiac valves, as well as enabling the performance of high-quality coronary CT angiography. In this article, we review imaging techniques of multi-slice spiral CT and imaging findings in pediatric and adult patients with various congenital heart diseases.     

18F-FP-DTBZPET/CT鉴别不同类型帕金森综合征

目的 观察¹⁸F-FP-DTBZ PET/CT鉴别不同类型帕金森综合征的价值。方法 回顾性分析77例不同类型帕金森综合征患者的¹⁸F-FP-DTBZ PET/CT脑显像资料，包括21例帕金森病(PD)、35例多系统萎缩[MSA,含20例共济失调型(MSA-C)及15例帕金森型(MSA-P)]、12例进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)、5例皮质基底节变性(CBD)及4例路易体痴呆(DLB)。采用视觉评估法分析不同类型帕金森综合征患者尾状核、壳核前部及壳核后部摄取¹⁸F-FP-DTBZ特点，比较PD、MSA-C、MSA-P、PSP、CBD及DLB与健康志愿者(对照组)标准摄取值比值(SUVR)的差异。结果 PD多表现为双侧尾状核摄取正常或减低，双侧壳核摄取不对称性减低并以单侧后部为著。MSA-C存在2种代谢模式：双侧尾状核摄取正常或减低、双侧壳核摄取多呈均匀对称性减低，且后部减低程度大于前部；或双侧尾状核及壳核摄取均正常。MSA-P双侧尾状核摄取可正常或减低，双侧壳核摄取不对称性减低、少数可对称性减低。PSP双侧尾状核摄取多减低，双...