Long-term clinical performance of flapless implant surgery compared to the conventional approach with flap elevation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The conventional implant approach involves flap elevation,which may result in increased soft tissue and bone loss and postoperative morbidity.The flapless surgical technique,aided by three-dimensional medical imaging equipment,is regarded as a possible alternative to the conventional approach to alleviate the above issues.Several studies have been performed regarding the role of flapless implant surgery.However,the results are inconsistent and there is no robust synthesis of long-term evidence to better inform surgeons regarding which type of surgical technique is more beneficial to the long-term prognosis of patients in need of implant insertion.AIM To compare the long-term clinical performance after flapless implant surgery to that after the conventional approach with flap elevation.METHODS PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and grey literature databases were searched from inception to 23 September 2019.Randomised controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies comparing the long-term clinical performance after flapless implant surgery to that after the conventional approach over a follow-up of three years or more were included.Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)or mean differences(MDs)and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)between the long-term implant survival rate,marginal bone loss,and complication rate of the flapless and conventional groups.Subgroup analyses were carried out to account for the possible effects of the guided or free-hand method during flapless surgery.RESULTS Ten articles,including four RCTs and six cohort studies,satisfied the eligibility criteria and nine of them were included in the meta-analysis.There was no significant difference between the long-term implant survival rate[OR=1.30,95%CI(0.37,4.54),P=0.68],marginal bone loss[MD=0.01,95%CI(-0.42,0.44),P=0.97],and complication rate[OR=1.44,95%CI(0.77,2.68),P=0.25]after flapless implant surgery and the conventional approach.Moreover,subgroup analyses revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the implant survival rate[guided:OR=1.52,95%CI(0.19,12.35),P=0.70];free-hand:n=1,could not be estimated,marginal bone loss[guided:MD=0.22,95%CI(-0.14,0.59),P=0.23;free-hand:MD=-0.27,95%CI(-1.10,0.57),P=0.53],or complication rate[guided:OR=1.16,95%CI(0.52,2.63),P=0.71;free-hand:OR=1.75,95%CI(0.66,4.63),P=0.26]in the flapless and conventional groups either with use of the surgical guide or by the free-hand method.CONCLUSION The flapless surgery and conventional approach had comparable clinical performance over three years or more.The guided or free-hand technique does not significantly affect the long-term outcomes of flapless surgery.     

Sustained complete response to erlotinib in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck:A case report

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck(SCCHN) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling has been shown to be a critical component of therapeutic option. Herein, we report a case of durable complete response to erlotinib.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old Caucasian male who presented with metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of right cervical lymph nodes(levels 2 and 3). Imaging studies including(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT) and contrast-enhanced CT scan of neck and chest did not reveal any other disease elsewhere. Panendoscopic examination with random biopsy did not reveal malignant lesion in nasopharynx,oropharynx, and larynx. He underwent modified neck dissection and postoperative radiation. Within 2 mo after completion of radiation, he developed local recurrence at right neck, which was surgically removed. Two mo after the salvage surgery, he developed a second recurrence at right neck. Due to suboptimal performance status and his preference, he started erlotinib treatment.He achieved partial response after first 2 mo of erlotinib treatment, then complete response after total 6 mo of erlotinib treatment. He developed sever skin rash and diarrhea including Clostridium difficile infection during the course of erlotinib treatment requiring dose reduction and eventual discontinuation. He remained in complete remission for more than two years after discontinuation of erlotinib.CONCLUSION We report a case of metastatic SCCHN achieving durable complete response from erlotinib. Patient experienced skin rash and diarrhea toxicities which were likely predictors of his treatment response.     

Clinical presentation and early predictors for poor outcomes in pediatric myocarditis:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Myocarditis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, leading to long-term sequelae including chronic congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart transplantation, and death. The initial diagnosis of myocarditis is usually based on clinical presentation, but this widely ranges from the severe sudden onset of a cardiogenic shock to asymptomatic patients. Early recognition is essential in order to monitor and start supportive treatment prior to the development of severe adverse events. Of note, many cases of fulminant myocarditis are usually misdiagnosed as otherwise minor conditions during the weeks before the unexpected deterioration.AIM To provide diagnostic clues to make an early recognition of pediatric myocarditis.To investigate early predictors for poor outcomes.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional single-center study from January 2008 to November 2017 at the Pediatric Department of our institution, including children < 18-years-old diagnosed with myocarditis. Poor outcome was defined as the occurrence of any of the following facts: death, heart transplant, persistent left ventricular systolic dysfunction or dilation at hospital discharge(early poor outcome), or after 1 year of follow-up(late poor outcome). We analyzed different clinical features and diagnostic test findings in order to provide diagnostic clues for myocarditis in children. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed using all variables that had been selected by univariate analysis to determine independent factors that predicted a poor early or late outcome in our study population.RESULTS A total of 42 patients [69% male; median age of 8(1.5-12) years] met study inclusion criteria. Chest pain(40%) was the most common specific cardiac symptom. Respiratory tract symptoms(cough, apnea, rhinorrhea)(38%),shortness of breath(35%), gastrointestinal tract symptoms(vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea)(33%), and fever(31%) were the most common non-cardiac initial complaints. Tachycardia(57%) and tachypnea(52%) were the most common signs on the initial physical exam followed by nonspecific signs of respiratory tract infection(44%) and respiratory distress(35%). Specific abnormal signs of heart failure such as heart murmur(26%), systolic hypotension(24%), gallop rhythm(20%), or hepatomegaly(20%) were less prevalent. Up to 43% of patients presented an early poor outcome, and 16% presented a late poor outcome. In multivariate analysis, an initial left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) < 30%remained the only significant predictor for early [odds ratio(OR)(95%CI) = 21(2-456), P = 0.027) and late [OR(95%CI) = 8(0.56-135), P = 0.047) poor outcome in children with myocarditis. LVEF correlated well with age(r = 0.51, P = 0.005),days from the initiation of symptoms(r =-0.31, P = 0.045), and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels(r = 0.66, P < 0.001), but not with troponin T(r =-0.05, P = 0.730) or C-reactive protein levels(r =-0.13, P = 0.391). N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide presented a high diagnostic accuracy for LVEF < 30% on echocardiography with an area under curve of 0.931(95%CI: 0.858-0.995, P <0.001). The best cut-off point was 2000 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 90%,specificity of 81%, positive predictive value of 60%, and negative predictive value of 96%.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of myocarditis in children is challenging due to the heterogeneous and unspecific clinical presentation. The presence of LVEF < 30% on echocardiography on admission was the major predictor for poor outcomes.Younger ages, a prolonged course of the disease, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels could help to identify these high-risk patients.     

Min-invasive surgical treatment for multiple axis fractures: A case report

BACKGROUND Fractures of the axis are commonly seen in spinal injuries. Upper cervical fractures are usually managed conservatively. However, the complications due to long-term external immobilization cannot be ignored. The traditional open surgery has the disadvantages of too much blood loss and soft tissue injury. The aim of our paper is to introduce a minimally invasive surgical treatment for multiple axis fractures.CASE SUMMARY We report a 40-year-old Chinese male who had severe neck pain and difficult neck movement after falling from 3 meters. X-ray and computed tomography(CT) scan revealed an axis injury consisting of an odontoid Type Ⅲ fracture associated with a Hangman fracture categorized as a Levine-Edwards Type Ⅰ fracture. The patient underwent anterior odontoid screw fixation and posterior percutaneous screw fixation using intraoperative O-arm navigation. Neck pain was markedly improved after surgery. X-rays and CT scan reconstructions of 3-mo follow-up showed good stability and fusion. The range of cervical motion was well preserved.CONCLUSION Anterior odontoid screw fixation and posterior direct C2 percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with the aid of O-arm navigation and neurophysiological monitoring can be an interesting alternative option for complicated multiple axis fractures.     

迟缓青霉素过敏反应高热休克1例

患者,女,38岁,教师。既往健康,因患上呼吸道感染1周,来院就诊,青霉素皮试(-),加入5%葡萄糖注射液500m l静脉滴注。上午11时静脉滴注结束,当日无不良反应及不适,下午正常生活。第2日上午继续静脉点滴青霉素800万U。批号、方法同前。11∶30静脉滴注结束,身体无不适。未用其他任何药物。13∶30在家中出现心悸、气短、胸闷、寒战、高热、脉搏细数。查体:体温40.3℃,心率124次/分,呼吸12次/分,血压测不清。急性痛苦病容,神志恍惚,烦躁不安,强迫体位,寒战,高热,张口呼吸,呼吸极度困难,带有喘鸣音,语音微弱,吐字不清,全身皮肤苍白,双眼球上翻,颈静…     

运用心理知识做好门诊医患纠纷协调工作

随着人们对医疗服务需求的日益增长以及法律意识和维权观念的不断增强,医患纠纷呈不断上升趋势.门诊是医院的一个"大窗口",人员流动性大,病人需经过挂号、看病、划价、取药、检查等许多过程,身心极易疲惫,情绪会变得烦躁、易怒,很容易与医务人员发生冲突,因此门诊是医患纠纷易发场所.所以运用心理知识做好门诊医患纠纷协调工作显得尤为重要.     

泌尿系结石患者的饮食管理

泌尿系结石的形成与食物的组成有关。根据文献报道，能影响泌尿系结石形成的食物成分有蛋白质、脂肪（胆固醇、鱼油、多不饱和脂肪酸）、糖类、嘌呤、草酸、矿物质（钙、镁、钠等）、维生素（A、B6、D、C、K）、蔬菜（菠菜）、磁化水、乳制品、液体、微量元素等。改变饮食习惯或进行饮食控制，有助于预防结石复发。     

全膝人工关节股骨假体屈曲对疗效的影响:1年随访结果

背景:对于全膝人工关节置换术的股骨假体屈曲问题,多数人认为不能或不太影响膝关节术后功能,仅仅是术后X射线片令人不甚满意,因此尚未引起人们足够的重视.目的:回顾分78例123膝全膝人工关节置换术股骨假体屈曲对随访疗效的影响.设计:分组对比观察.单位:中国中医科学院望京医院骨关节一科.对象:选择2001-10/2004-06在中国中医科学院望京医院关节一科行全膝人工关节置换者78例123膝,其中发生股骨假体不同程度屈曲15例17膝(13.8%),男5例,女10例,年龄47～81岁:未发生屈曲63例106膝(86.2%),男22例,女41例,年龄47～79岁.方法:回顾性分析方法比较股骨假体屈曲组和非屈曲组手术前后HSS(HSS knee rating score)评分、膝关节活动范围和屈曲挛缩畸形,并测量屈曲角和屈曲距离,股骨假体屈曲对置换效果的影响.主要观察指标:①股骨假体屈曲的测量结果.②患者膝关节HSS评分和活动度.③患者屈曲挛缩畸形例数及角度.④不良事件及副反应.结果:患者获随访1年以上.①17膝股骨假体屈曲角为7°～19°,平均为11.3°;股骨假体屈曲距离为2～4 mm,平均为2.6 mm.②术前屈曲组与非屈曲组患者HSS评分和膝关节活动范围差异均无显著性(P＞0.05),但术后屈曲组低于非屈曲组(P≤0.01);术后均高于术前(P=0.02或P＜0.01).③屈曲组术后屈曲挛缩例数和角度多于和大于非屈曲组(P＜0.01),两组术后屈曲挛缩均有改善(屈曲组P＜0.05,非屈曲组P＜0.01).④非屈曲组并发右股深静脉血栓1例,骨化性肌炎1例;屈曲组并发髌骨假体撞击征1膝.结论:本组资料证明,股骨假体屈曲对全膝人工关节置换效果的影响是增加术后膝关节屈曲挛缩的发生率,造成伸膝功能障碍.     

Laparoscopic repair of complete intrathoracic stomach with iron deficiency anemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Giant paraesophageal hiatal hernias(HH)are very infrequent,and their spectrum of clinical manifestations is large.Giant HH mainly occurs in elderly patients,and its relationship with anemia has been reported.For the surgical treatment of large HH,Nissen fundoplication is the most common antireflux procedure,and the reinforcement of HH repair with a patch(either synthetic or biologic)is still debatable.CASE SUMMARY We report on a case of giant paraesophageal HH in a middle-aged male patient with reflux symptoms and severe anemia.After performing a series of tests and diagnostic approaches,results showed a complete intrathoracic stomach associated with severe iron deficiency anemia.The patient underwent successful laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh reinforcement and Nissen fundoplication.Postoperatively,reflux symptoms were markedly relieved,and the imaging study showed complete reduction of the hernia sac.More importantly,anemia was resolved,and hemoglobin,serum iron and ferritin level were returned to the normal range.The patient kept regular follow-up appointments and remained in a satisfactory condition.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the relationship between large HH and iron deficiency anemia.For the surgical treatment of large HH,laparoscopic repair of large HH combined with antireflux procedure and mesh reinforcement is recommended.     

Rare anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney:A case report

BACKGROUND Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney(ASK)is a rare and newly recognized renal neoplasm.The tumor usually is extensive and cystic,characterized by pleomorphic spindle cells with marked atypia and associated with multinucleated cells.To date,only 27 cases have been reported in the literature.The authors present an additional case and summarize the relevant knowledge in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a palpable mass over the abdomen and right flank soreness for one year.After the computed tomography study,the patient underwent right radical nephrectomy obtaining a 1680-g tumor with a size of 18.4 cm×14.5 cm×11 cm.The tumor is chiefly composed of anaplastic spindle cells with marked nuclear atypia admixed with multinucleated cells.Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor cells exhibited diffuse positivity for CD56,p53,and vimentin,and focally positive for desmin.The diagnosis of ASK was established.Unfortunately,a local tumor recurrence followed by a distant metastasis developed within months.The patient died 26 months after the initial surgery.Comparing to the previously 27 cases of ASK,the current case had a relatively worse prognosis,which might be potentially associated with older patient age,larger tumor size,and the lack of en-bloc resection of adjacent organs during the initial radical nephrectomy.CONCLUSION This case points out the featured pathological findings for diagnosing ASK and suggests more aggressive management for patients with ASK.     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血清ADAM10水平的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清解整合素-金属蛋白酶10(ADAM10)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化分级的相关性,并探究T2DM并发动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取昆明医科大学第一附属医院2017年9月至2018年6月收治的T2DM患者87例,根据颈部血管彩超检查结果分为3组,即无动脉粥样硬化组(n=25)、动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)增厚组(n=14)、粥样斑块形成组(n=48),比较各组间血清ADAM10水平,采用Logistic回归分析动脉粥样硬化危险因素;根据颈部血管情况分为无动脉粥样硬化组(n=25)及动脉粥样硬化组(n=62),使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清ADAM10水平的诊断价值。结果依颈动脉粥样硬化程度进展(无动脉粥样硬化组→动脉IMT增厚组→粥样斑块形成组),血清ADAM10水平有递升趋势[(1676.12±736.42)pg/ml→(1835.00±798.79)pg/ml→(2016.77±787.63)pg/ml,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病病程延长、增龄、收缩压升高、血清ADAM10水平增加是T2DM患者动脉粥样硬化加重的危险因素。血清ADAM10水平预测T2DM并发颈动脉粥样硬化的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.612(95%CI:0.480,0.743),最佳截断值为1426.50 pg/ml,灵敏度为0.82,特异度为0.44。结论糖尿病病程延长、增龄、收缩压升高、血清ADAM10水平升高是T2DM颈动脉粥样硬化加重的危险因素。血清ADAM10升高对T2DM并发颈动脉粥样硬化可能具有警示作用。     

2型糖尿病患者IL-18基因启动子区-607C/A和-137G/C位点多态性与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的　探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者IL-18基因启动子区-607C/A和-137G/C位点多态性与颈动脉粥样硬化(carotid atherosclerosis, CAS)的相关性研究。方法　收集2018年1月~2019年12月宝鸡市中心医院收治的375例T2DM患者为研究对象并记为T2DM组,另选择同期该院体检健康的200例志愿者作为对照组,T2DM组患者再根据颈部血管超声结果分为颈动脉内-中膜厚度(carotid intima-media thickness, CIMT)正常组(n=122)和CIMT增厚组(n=253)。采用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)法检测IL-18基因启动子区-607C/A和-137G/C位点基因型。分别比较各组两位点基因型和等位基因型的分布频率。采用Logistic回归分析法分析T2DM患者CIMT增厚的独立危险因素。结果　对照组和T2DM组的BMI,CIMT和高血压差异具有统计学意义(t=5.270,Z=16.038,χ2=6.261,P＜0.05),两组吸烟和血脂异常的差异无统计学意义 (χ2=0.800,1.991,均P＞0.05)。CIMT正常组和CIMT增厚组在吸烟、CIMT,糖尿病病程方面的差异具有统计学意义 (χ2=5.302,Z=15.694,12.057,均P＜0.05),两组BMI,高血压和血脂异常的差异无统计学意义 (χ2=0.567,0.741,3.133,均P＞0.05)。对照组和T2DM组IL-18基因启动子区-607C/A和-137G/C位点基因型和等位基因型分布频率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.654,4.939,1.742,2.812,均P＞0.05)。CIMT正常组和CIMT增厚组IL-18基因启动子区-607C/A和-137G/C位点基因型和等位基因型分布频率的差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=11.410,11.957,均P＜0.05),两组-137G/C位点基因型和等位基因型分布频率的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=3.696,2.931,均P＞0.05)。采用Logistic回归分析法结果显示糖尿病病程和-607C/A(CC vs CA+AA)基因型是T2DM患者CIMT增厚的独立危险因素。结论　T2DM患者中IL-18基因启动子区-607C/A位点多态性与CAS密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉内-中膜层厚度的关系:Logistic及单核细胞中介效应检验

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与颈动脉内-中膜层厚度(carotid intima-media thickness,CIMT)的关系及单核细胞在HbA1c与CIMT间的中介作用。方法选择2014年至2019年于华东疗养院体检的T2DM患者1539例,根据CIMT的厚度分为正常组808例(CIMT<1.0 mm)、增厚组731例(CIMT≥1.0 mm);通过多因素回归分析HbA1c能否作为CIMT增厚的危险因素;进而采用Hayes编制的SPSS宏中的简单中介模型分析单核细胞在HbA1c与CIMT关系中的中介效应。结果校正年龄、性别、高血压、吸烟、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等混杂因素后,HbA1c是T2DM患者CIMT增厚的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HbA1c通过单核细胞对CIMT增厚的中介效应值为0.0174(0.0021,0.0353),中介效应显著;加入中介变量单核细胞后,HbA1c对CIMT增厚的直接效应为0.0888(-0.0044,0.1821),直接效应不显著,单核细胞在HbA1c与CIMT关系中起完全中介作用。结论HbA1c是T2DM患者CIMT增厚危险因素,单核细胞在HbA1c与CIMT增厚的关系中起到主要中介作用。     

初诊2型糖尿病患者血清抵抗素与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清抵抗素水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)的关系.方法 选取新诊断的T2DM患者共122例,根据CIMT分为两组:CIMT正常组(CIMT<1.0 mm)70例和CIMT增厚组(CIMT≥1.0 mm,伴或不伴斑块)52例.采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清抵抗素水平,并采用高频彩色多普勒超声测定CIMT.结果 与CIMT正常组相比,CIMT增厚组的血清抵抗素水平明显升高(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析结果 显示,血清抵抗素水平与CIMT具有显著相关性(r=0.247,P=0.028),而且经校正性别、年龄、BMI后,血清抵抗素水平仍与CIMT显著相关(r=0.198,P=0.034);Logistic多因素回归分析结果 显示,血清抵抗素与CIMT增厚呈显著性关联(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.08～2.04,P=0.037).结论 血清抵抗素是T2DM患者CIMT增厚的独立相关因素.     

急性脑梗死伴颈动脉斑块患者同型半胱氨酸、D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原的变化

目的：探讨老年急性脑梗死（ACI）伴颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）斑块患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原的变化规律及临床意义。方法100例确诊的老年ACI患者均接受颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,测量左右颈总动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）,根据结果分组为有CAS斑块组（n=60）和无CAS斑块组（n=40）。分别采用循环酶法、免疫比浊法及Clauss法检测血浆Hcy、D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原浓度并记录。将2组的血浆Hcy、D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原浓度进行比较,分析它们的变化规律和意义。结果老年ACI患者有CAS斑块组血浆Hcy浓度[17.77（13.00～23.10）μmol/L]高于无CAS斑块组[12.64（9.88～15.85）μmol/L];D-二聚体浓度[237.68（157.00～354.25）μg/L]高于无CAS斑块组[169.48（115.25～250.00）μg/L];纤维蛋白原浓度[2.89（2.50～3.92）g/L]高于无CAS斑块组[2.58（2.23～3.48）g/L],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论血浆Hcy、D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原水平增高与老年ACI患者的CAS斑块的形成关系密切,临床应早期干预治疗。     

脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2与中老年高血压患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的关系

目的 探讨血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)活性水平与中老年高血压患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的关系及其临床意义。方法 选取高血压患者102例行双侧颈动脉超声检查,依据超声影像、斑块形态和回声特征综合评价分为两组:稳定斑块组50例、不稳定斑块组52例。用酶活性法测定患者血浆Lp-PLA2活性水平。分析颈动脉不稳定斑块的影响因素,血浆Lp-PLA2活性水平对颈动脉不稳定斑块的预测价值。结果 不稳定斑块组血浆Lp-PLA2活性水平高于稳定斑块组(P<0.05)。血浆Lp-PLA2活性水平是影响中老年高血压患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Lp-PLA2预测颈动脉不稳定斑块的ROC曲线下的面积(AUC)为0.921,最佳临界值为551.15 U/L时,其预测的灵敏度为75%,特异度为94%。结论 血浆Lp-PLA2活性水平于中老年高血压颈动脉不稳定斑块患者中明显升高,是其独立的危险因素。血浆Lp-PLA2活性水平对颈动脉不稳定斑块有较高的预测价值,其值为551.15 U/L时可辅助预测斑块稳定与否,有望成为临床早期评估脑血管栓塞性事件的预警性炎性标志物。     

老年人骨质疏松与动脉硬化的关系

目的通过对骨密度与冠状动脉钙化积分、颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块关系的分析, 探讨骨质疏松与动脉硬化的关系.方法对66例老年冠心病、高血压或脑动脉硬化患者行双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、髋部、前臂的骨密度, 螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化积分及冠状动脉总钙化积分, 颈动脉超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块,测定血甲状旁腺激素全段、骨钙素、血钙.据骨密度分骨质疏松组(A组),非骨质疏松组(B组).结果 A组患者的冠状动脉各分支钙化积分及冠状动脉总钙化积分、颈动脉内中膜厚度、颈动脉多发性硬斑发生率高于B组(P<0.01).冠状动脉钙化积分、颈动脉内中膜厚度与甲状旁腺激素呈正相关,与骨钙素、血钙呈负相关, 与各部位的骨密度呈负相关.结论骨质疏松症与动脉硬化有密切的关系, 骨质疏松时钙从骨中溶出增加,体循环中的钙可异常沉积在血管内膜中,造成血管壁动脉粥样硬化、钙化.     

代谢综合征患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与PAI-1的关系

目的观察代谢综合征(MS)患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)与血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)的关系。方法根据NCEP-ATPⅢ的MS诊断标准,323例住院患者分为MS组(160例)和非MS组(163例),采用ELISA法测定血浆PAI-1水平,应用高频多普勒超声检测颈动脉IMT及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块。结果MS组的PAI-1水平为(30.52±11.02)ng/ml,颈动脉IMT为(0.92±0.21)mm,粥样斑块发生率为63.1%,而非MS组分别为(26.57±11.09)ng/ml、(0.86±0.20)mm和49.1%,两组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05～0.01),其中颈动脉IMT及粥样斑块发生率随着MS诊断条件数的增加而逐渐增加,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,PAI-1与颈动脉IMT独立相关(标准化回归系数β=0.105,P<0.05)。结论MS患者易引起颈动脉粥样硬化,PAI-1可能与动脉粥样硬化密切相关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性的系统评价

目的系统评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)与颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的相关性。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM和VIP数据库,搜集OSAS与颈动脉粥样硬化疾病和颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intima–media thickness,CIMT)相关性的研究,检索时限均从建库至2021年8月10日。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件和Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入32个研究,包括2915例患者。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,OSAS患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率更高[OR=5.56,95%CI(0.27,8.38),P<0.00001]。亚组分析结果发现,男性[OR=5.38,95%CI(2.79,10.38),P<0.00001]、轻中度OSAS[OR=3.9,95%CI(1.66,9.15),P=0.002]、重度OSAS[OR=19.86,95%CI(6.49,60.82),P<0.00001]患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生风险均高;此外,OSAS组与对照组相比CIMT明显升高[SMD=1.24,95%CI(0.97,1.51),P<0.00001]。OSAS患者AHI和CIMT间呈正相关[r=0.52,95%CI(0.44,0.60),P<0.0001],CIMT随OSAS严重程度的增加而升高。结论OSAS患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率更高,与CIMT呈正相关,且CIMT会随AHI的升高而升高。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚需开展更多高质量研究予以验证。     

血液透析患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与血清高敏C反应蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子23和klotho蛋白的相关性研究

目的 了解维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者颈动脉粥样硬化情况,分析该人群颈动脉内中膜厚度（carotid intima-media thickness,CIMT）与血清高敏C反应蛋白（HsCRP）、成纤维细胞生长因子23（fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF23）及Klotho蛋白水平之间的相关性.方法 选取2012年1月至6月期间在卫生部北京医院血液净化中心MHD患者共88例,根据颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查结果分为CIMT增厚组和CIMT正常组.对CIMT增厚可能的危险因素进行分析,采用非条件Logistic回归分析进行CIMT影响因素的多因素分析.结果 88例MHD患者中CIMT增厚者共53例（60.2％）,CIMT正常者共35例（39.8％）,2组CIMT中位数分别为1.5mm和1.0mm,有统计学意义（P=0.000）.其中CIMT增厚组粥样硬化斑块发生率明显高于CIMT正常组（92.5％比65.7％,P=0.001）.CIMT增厚组平均年龄为66.64±10.61岁,CIMT正常组平均年龄为58.63±11.78岁,有统计学意义（t=3.320,P=0.001）;CIMT增厚组糖尿病患病率为37.7％,CIMT正常组糖尿病患病率为17.1％,有统计学意义（x2=4.294,P=0.038）;CIMT增厚组与正常组FGF23中位数分别为127.82 ng/L和86.74 ng/L有统计学意义（Z=-3.713,P=0.000）;2组HsCRP中位数分别为5.34mg/L和2.19mg/L,有统计学意义（Z=-3.547,P=0.000）.CIMT增厚组与正常组Klotho蛋白中位数分别为42.48 U/L和41.21U/L,2组无统计学意义（Z=-0.085,P=0.932）.非条件Logistic回归分析显示年龄、FGF23和HsCRP是CIMT增厚的独立危险因素.结论 MHD患者伴CIMT增厚者易形成动脉粥样硬化斑块.血清HsCRP、FGF23和年龄是MHD患者CIMT增厚的独立危险因素.