阳痿的超声诊断分析

目的应用多普勒超声（DUS）技术观察阳痿（ED）患者阴茎血流情况,并进行诊断分型,为临床治疗提出指导性建议。方法对32例国际勃起功能评分（IIEF-5）为12．1-15．7（13．6±5．1）的ED患者,测定双侧海绵体动脉及阴茎背静脉内径、阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期最大血流速度（PSV）、舒张期最低血流速度（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）。阴茎海绵体内一次性注射（ICI）罂粟碱30mg＋酚妥拉明1mg 10min后,再次测定双侧海绵体动脉及阴茎背静脉内径、阴茎海绵体动脉PSV、EDV、RI、阴茎背静脉流速。应用SPSS12．0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果非血管性ED8例阴茎海绵体动脉PSV均≥35cm／s,RI≥1．0;阴茎背静脉常为间断低速静脉血流;15例为动脉性ED,阴茎海绵体动脉PSV均〈25cm/s,阴茎背静脉见间断低速静脉血流;6例为静脉性ED,阴茎海绵体动脉EDV均〉0cm／s,阴茎背静脉见持续静脉血流;3例为动静脉混合性ED,阴茎海绵体动脉PSV均〈25cm／s,阴茎背静脉见持续静脉血流。结论DUS检测阴茎海绵体动脉和阴茎背静脉血流并结合国际勃起功能评分（IIEF-5）是诊断阳痿疾病及其分型的有效方法。     

非血管性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎-尿道海绵体血管连接的彩色多普勒研究

目的 探讨非血管性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者阴茎-尿道海绵体血管连接(CSS)的形态及血流动力学特征.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)检测22例非血管性ED患者阴茎CSS形态和血流动力学状况.结果 勃起前所有病例阴茎均可观察到1～3支CSS,且都为朝向尿道海绵体的低速动脉频谱;勃起后阴茎可观察到CSS达4～8支,亦均为朝向尿道海绵体的动脉频谱,但其收缩期峰值速度(PSV)高于勃起前(P<0.001),RI则低于勃起前(P<0.05).阴茎勃起时CSS的PSV及RI均低于CA(P<0.001),但其PSV明显高于尿道海绵体动脉(UA)(P<0.001),而RI低于后者(P<0.001).结论 非血管性ED患者阴茎CSS为血流方向朝向尿道海绵体的动脉连接.     

彩色多普勒超声在阴茎异常勃起诊断中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在阴茎异常勃起诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经超声检查的16例阴茎异常勃起患者声像图表现。结果阴茎异常勃起分缺血性和非缺血性2种,非缺血性阴茎异常勃起多由外伤所致,患者阴茎海绵体内可见血肿或假性动脉瘤及海绵体动脉-海绵体窦状隙漏,一侧海绵体动脉血流速度明显增快,峰值流速(PSV)>40cm/s,阴茎背深静脉增宽,血流速增快,流速(V)>20cm/s;缺血性阴茎异常勃起患者阴茎海绵体回声随时间延长,内回声逐渐不均匀,海绵体动脉血流速减低,PSV<18cm/s,阴茎背静脉增宽,可有血栓形成,内无血流显示或呈星点状血流信号,V<10cm/s。结论阴茎异常勃起具有较特征性的声像图表现,彩色多普勒超声在该病的诊断中有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声结合海绵体药物注射在阴茎勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声结合海绵体药物注射（ICI）在阴茎勃起功能障碍（ED）诊断中的应用价值。方法117例ED患者阴茎海绵体内注入罂粟碱注射液30mg诱导阴茎勃起,应用超声观测注药前后海绵体动脉内径、收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、舒张末期流速（EDV）及阻力指数（RI）。结果注药后阴茎勃起正常46例（39．32％）,其海绵体动脉PSV≥135cm／S,EDV〈5cm／s,RI≥1．0。血管性ED中,动脉性ED24例（20．5％）,海绵体动脉PSV〈35cm／s,EDV〈5cm／s;静脉性ED30例（25．6％）,海绵体动脉PSV≥35cm／s,EDV≥5cm／s;混合性ED17例（14．5％）,海绵体动脉PSV〈35cm／s,EDV≥5cm／s。所有血管性ED患者RI〈1．0,注药后动脉内径无明显差异。结论彩色多普勒超声与ICI结合是诊断血管性ED一种可靠的检查方法。     

多普勒超声在阴茎血流动力学检查中的应用

目的：研究多普勒超声在男性阴茎勃起功能障碍又称阳痿(ED)患者阴茎血流动力学检查中的作用。方法：120例ED患者使用多普勒超声阳痿诊断系统进行检查，在阴茎注射血管活性剂诱导勃起后，分别测量双侧阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)，舒张末期流速(EDV)以及阻力指数(RI)。结果：发现动脉性ED 23例(19．2％)；静脉性ED 39例(32．5％)；非血管性ED 58例(48．3％)。结论：多普勒超声在男性ED病因检查中具有较重要的应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍诊断的价值

目的评估彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)在血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)诊断中的临床价值。方法用CDUS检测45例ED患者药物诱导阴茎勃起前、后阴茎海绵体动脉和背深静脉血流动力学情况。结果45例中非血管性ED22例(48.9%),动脉性ED12例(26.7%),静脉性ED11例(24.4%)。勃起时动、静脉性ED组阴茎海绵体动脉PSV、EDV及RI均明显低于非血管性ED组,而疲软时前两组PSV与后一组间无显著性差异。静脉性ED组阴茎背深静脉血流主要表现为持续血流信号,而非血管性和动脉性ED组则不然。结论彩色多普勒超声对诊断血管性ED有重要意义。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在血管性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的评估彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)在血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)诊断中的临床价值。方法用CDUS检测45例ED患者药物诱导阴茎勃起前、后阴茎海绵体动脉和背深静脉血流动力学情况。结果45例中非血管性ED22例(48.9%),动脉性ED12例(26.7%),静脉性ED11例(24.4%)。勃起时动、静脉性ED组阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(EDV)及RI均明显低于非血管性ED组,而疲软时前两组PSV与后一组间无显著性差异。静脉性ED组阴茎背深静脉血流主要表现为持续血流信号,而非血管性和动脉性ED组则不然。结论彩色多普勒超声对诊断血管性ED有重要意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断阴茎勃起功能障碍中的应用价值

目的 评估彩色多普勒超声在诊断阴茎勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)中的临床应用价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声检测79例疑似为血管性勃起功能障碍患者,观察海绵体注射血管活性药物前后阴茎海绵体动脉血流动力学变化情况,测量并加以分析阴茎探动脉收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期最小流速(EDV)、海绵体动脉血流阻力指数(RI)以及阴茎背深静脉的血流状态.结果 非血管性ED 23例(29.1％),动脉性ED 35例(44.3％),静脉性ED 21例(26.6％).注射血管活性药物后非血管性ED组的收缩期峰值流速(PSV),舒张期流速(EDV)及阻力指数(RI)的数值高于动脉性ED组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声技术是目前诊断血管性勃起功能障碍的一种微创而可靠地检查方法,其能够定量反应阴茎的血流动力学状态,为合理治疗勃起功能障碍提供有价值的诊断依据.     

彩色多普勒超声对血管性阳痿及其分类的研究

目的探讨各类血管性阳痿的彩色多普勒血流特点.方法给36例各类血管性阳痿的阴茎海绵体内注入一定剂量的罂粟碱后,对其阴茎海绵体动脉和阴茎背静脉的彩色多普勒血流进行检测和分析,并把检测正常的10例非血管性阳痿设为正常对照组.结果 ①正常对照组阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期最大血流速度(PSV)均≥35 cm/s,阴茎背静脉常为间断低速静脉血流,当PSV>80 cm/s,特别是伴阴茎背静脉无血流显示时, 要特别提防阴茎异常搏起并发症的发生;②动脉性阳痿时阴茎海绵体动脉PSV均<35 cm/s,阴茎背静脉均见间断低速静脉血流;③静脉性阳痿时阴茎海绵体动脉PSV均≥35 cm/s,阴茎背静脉均见持续静脉血流;④混合性阳痿时阴茎海绵体动脉PSV均<35 cm/s,阴茎背静脉均见持续静脉血流.结论彩色多普勒超声检测阴茎海绵体动脉和阴茎背静脉血流对诊断各类血管性阳痿,以及提防阴茎异常搏起严重并发症的发生具有较为重要的价值.     

多普勒超声对海绵体内小剂量联合用药的疗效评价

目的本文探讨多普勒超声在评价阴茎海绵体内前列腺素E1 (PGE1)和罂粟硷(PAP)小剂量联合用药对勃起功能障碍(ED)的剂量选择.方法对20例勃起功能正常组和45例非血管性勃起功能障碍组采用不同剂量注射,用多普勒超声检测阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期最大流速(PSV)和舒张期流速(EDV).结果①小剂量(PGE1 10μg+PAP 7.5mg)联合用药就可明显增加阴茎血流,产生良好的勃起,与ICI前相比有显著差异(P＜0.01);②增加剂量注射与小剂量注射相比阴茎血流稍有增加,但各组之间无显著差异(P＞0.05);③小剂量联合用药未出现阴茎持续勃起和局部疼痛.结论多普勒超声可客观地评价阴茎的血流参数,为ICI的药物剂量选择提供依据,而小剂量联合用药对勃起功能障碍者能产生良好的阴茎血流,是治疗和筛选勃起功能障碍的一种有效方法.     

Cavernosal arterial anatomic variations and its effect on penile hemodynamic status.

OBJECTIVE: With continuous improvements in ultrasound technology, small vessels with remarkably slow blood flow that may not be assessed by color Doppler ultrasonography, can be evaluated using power Doppler ultrasonography. In the present study, penile arterial anatomic variations were determined with power Doppler ultrasonography and its impact on penile hemodynamic status. METHODS: A total of 54 patients with erectile dysfunction were evaluated with power Doppler ultrasonography. The effects of vascular anatomic variations and the structure of the corpora cavernosa and tunica albuginea on vascular status were assessed on both sides. RESULTS: A normal penile vascular system was observed in 35.2% and 25% of 54 patients (mean age: 46.6+/-11.5 years) at the radix and mid-shaft of the penis, respectively. Pure arterial component was observed in 40.7% (22/54) and 47.2% (17/36) of the patients at the base and mid-shaft of the penis, respectively. Penile arterial insufficiency was severe in 9.2 and 5.5% of the patients at the base and mid-shaft of the penis, respectively, whereas intrapenile truncus was found in six patients (5.5%), the ratio of single cavernosal artery, intrapenile and extrapenile bifurcations were 69.4, 7.4 and 12.0%, respectively. Twenty (18.5%) dorso-cavernosal perforators, 15 (13.9%) cavernoso-dorsal and 30 (27.8%) intercavernosal branches were found. Peak systolic blood flow velocity values were decreased in 12 of 36 patients (33.3%) distally, while increased blood flow was observed in 11 (30.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic parameters might be variable at either side of the penis and depend on intrapenile arterial anatomic variations. Parameters determined using power Doppler ultrasonography should be evaluated from the proximal to distal side of the penis to obtain reliable and standard results. However, variations of penile arterial anatomy and its effect on penile hemodynamic changes should not be overlooked especially in the patients who are candidates for penile reconstructive or vascular surgery.     

彩色多普勒超声对阳萎阴茎血流动力学研究

目的 应用彩超探讨不同硬度阴茎血流动力学改变。方法 ＣＤＦＩ检测７４例阳萎患者,在海绵体注药前后,间隔５分钟连续测定海绵体动脉及背动脉ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ、ＲＩ及背觉醒胸脉血流速度,并将诸测值与阴茎硬度对比。结果 海绵体动脉ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ、ＲＩ在不同硬度有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）;ＣＤＦＩ能较准确地反映阴茎血内流动力学改变,根据海绵体动脉ＰＳＶ减小及ＥＤＶ升高,可提示海绵体动脉和静脉异常;测定海绵体动     

多普勒超声联合口服西地那非评价阴茎血流动力学

目的 探讨多普勒超声联合口服枸橼酸西地那非(万艾可)评价血管性勃起功能障碍(ED)的临床价值.方法 选择血管性ED患者8例(ED组)、勃起功能正常的志愿者10名(勃起功能正常组),口服枸橼酸西地那非后勃起达最佳状态时,采用多普勒超声进行纵、横切面扫查并观测,观测指标包括阴茎深动脉收缩期最大流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI).结果 所有受检者均顺利完成检查并进行成功观测.与勃起功能正常组比较,ED组患者的阴茎深动脉PSV明显降低.结论 多普勒超声联合口服枸橼酸西地那非可以检测出血管性ED患者的阴茎深动脉血流速度异常,且该方法具有无创、安全、易接受、操作简便的特点,临床运用前景良好.     

勃起功能障碍患者阴茎螺旋动脉的彩色多普勒研究

目的探讨阴茎勃起障碍（ED）患者螺旋动脉（HA）形态及血流动力学特征。 方法用彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）检测60例ED患者HAs形态及血流动力学情况。 结果（ICI）后所有病例HAs均能清晰显示。非血管性ED组均可观察到HAs三级分支，静脉性ED组HAs显示二级或三级分支，而动脉性ED组HAs分支明显减少；动、静脉性ED组HAs的收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、舒张末期流速（EDV）及阻力指数（RI）与非血管性ED组存在显著差异（P〈0．05），静脉性ED组RI明显低于动脉性ED组（P〈0．05）。 结论HAs在阴茎勃起过程中发挥着重要作用，其形态及血流动力学特征对CDUS评估ED有重要意义。     

Doppler sonography of the penile cavernosal artery: comparison of intraurethral instillation and intracorporeal injection of prostaglandin E1

PURPOSE: We compared the Doppler sonographic findings in the penile cavernosal artery (arteria profunda penis) after intraurethral instillation and intracorporeal injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to evaluate the hemodynamic changes during drug-induced erection. METHODS: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled in the study. Ten subjects (intraurethral group) were examined with Doppler sonography of the penile cavernosal artery after intraurethral administration of 1 mg of PGE1. The remaining 10 subjects (intracorporeal group) underwent Doppler sonography of the cavernosal artery after intracorporeal injection of 5 microg of PGE1. The peak systolic velocity, minimal diastolic velocity, and resistance index were determined at 5-minute intervals for 30 minutes following administration of PGE1 in both groups. The results were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The peak systolic velocity in the intraurethral group increased progressively from a mean of 31.1 cm/second at 5 minutes to 65.6 cm/second at 30 minutes after intraurethral administration of PGE1. In the intracorporeal group, the mean peak systolic velocity ranged from 44.1 to 83.2 cm/second, reached a maximum at 10 minutes, and then decreased continuously through 30 minutes after intracorporeal injection of PGE1. The mean peak systolic velocities were significantly higher in the intracorporeal group at 10 and 15 minutes (p < or = 0.05); the mean minimal diastolic velocities were significantly lower in the intracorporeal group at 15, 20, and 25 minutes (p < or = 0.05); and the mean resistance indices were significantly higher in the intracorporeal group at all time points except 5 minutes (p < or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The intracorporeal injection of PGE1 produced a greater vasoactive response in the cavernosal artery than did intraurethral instillation.     

Duplex Doppler sonography of the flaccid penis: potential role in the evaluation of impotence

PURPOSE: Duplex Doppler sonography of the cavernosal arteries of the penis with intracavernous injection (ICI) of vasoactive agents has been widely used to evaluate arterial insufficiency in impotence. Our goal was to assess the potential value of peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements on the flaccid penis in the diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence. METHODS: Forty-four men underwent duplex Doppler sonography with PSV measurements before and after ICI of prostaglandin E(1). Three different cutoff values for lowest normal PSV before injection-5 cm/second, 10 cm/second, and 15 cm/second-were tested. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had arteriogenic insufficiency based on post-ICI duplex sonography and clinical response. Results for our different cutoff PSV values of 5 cm/second, 10 cm/second, and 15 cm/second in diagnosing arteriogenic impotence were, respectively: sensitivity 29%, 96%, and 100%; specificity 100%, 92%, and 23%; negative predictive value 80%, 92%, and 100%; positive predictive value 100%, 81%, and 41%; and overall accuracy 79%, 93%, and 44%. In the flaccid state, there was a significant difference in mean PSV between the "normal" group (12.6 +/- 0.9 cm/second) and the arteriogenic impotence group (7.7 +/- 1.1 cm/second). Twenty-nine patients with a bilateral PSV of 10 cm/second or less before ICI had a normal clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: A cutoff PSV value of 10 cm/second in the flaccid state had the best accuracy in predicting arterial insufficiency. Duplex Doppler sonography is proposed as the initial test to evaluate the penile arterial supply and to determine whether patients are good candidates for therapy with ICI.