改良家庭肺康复训练对中度以上慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的效果评价

目的探讨改良家庭肺康复训练对中度以上慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的呼吸困难症状、肺功能、运动耐力、生活质量的影响。方法便利抽样法选择2014年9月至2015年12月在常州市第一人民医院呼吸内科出院的中度以上COPD患者125例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法,将其分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组62例,观察组63例。对照组给予常规治疗护理措施加呼吸训练,观察组给予常规治疗护理措施加改良肺康复训练计划,干预时间均为12周。观察干预前后两组患者的呼吸困难评分(modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale,mMRC)、肺功能指标、圣乔治呼吸问卷(St·Gorge’s respiratory questionnaire,SGRQ)和6min步行试验(6minute walking test,6MWT)的变化。结果观察组患者干预后SGRQ的呼吸症状(54.93±11.90)分、活动受限(52.64±14.33)分、疾病影响(55.40±9.91)分及总分(54.66±10.68)分均显著降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)与对照组比较,观察组患者干预后6MWT(372.09±67.15)m显著提高,mMRC(秩和值1726.00)显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组和对照组患者干预后肺功能指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论中度以上COPD患者实施改良家庭肺康复计划,有助于改善其呼吸困难症状、提高机体活动能力、改善生活质量,可作为其缓解期康复治疗的有效手段。     

水中肺康复对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者肺功能的效果

目的 观察水中肺康复在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者的疗效。方法 2020年2月至2021年2月,本院COPD稳定期患者50例根据训练方法分为对照组(n = 25)和试验组(n = 25),分别接受陆上和水中肺康复8周。治疗前后,采用肺功能仪测量患者第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV₁)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV_l%)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV₁/FVC),采用表面肌电图测量膈肌和右腹横肌肌电均方根(RMS),采用改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)、6分钟步行试验(6MWT)、成人COPD生活质量量表(COPD-QOL)进行评定。结果 治疗后,两组FEV₁、FEV_l%、FEV₁/FVC、膈肌和腹横肌RMS、6MWT距离和COPD-QOL评分均提高(t > 2.08, P < 0.05),试验组均较对照组提高更多(t > 2.27, P < 0.05);两组mMRC评分均减少(t > 2.09, P < 0.05),试验组较对照组减少(t = 2.13, P < 0.05)。结论 在水中进行肺康复训练,可显著改善COPD患者的肺功能,增强呼吸肌肌力,改善呼吸困难,提高运动耐量,改善生活质量。     

Minimally supervised home rehabilitation improves exercise capacity and health status in patients with COPD

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on exercise tolerance and quality of life of an outpatient rehabilitation program implemented at home without a physiotherapist's direct supervision in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. DESIGN: Patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied. The rehabilitation program included lower limb exercise on a stationary bicycle and upper limb exercise and stretching, together with education, and it lasted for 12 wks. Every 2 wks, a physiotherapist contacted patients by phone to evaluate their compliance with the rehabilitation program and any adverse effects. The main measures of outcome were the Health Status Index, cycle ergometer test, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and forced vital capacity. Patients were evaluated at the baseline and at 12 wks. RESULTS: A total of 32 patients were recruited and 28 (mean age, 70.4 yrs) completed the trial. After pulmonary rehabilitation, a significant improvement was found in seven of the nine Health Status Index quality-of-life subscales. Exercise tolerance also improved significantly, whereas no variation was observed in pulmonary function tests. There was no correlation between the improvement in quality of life and the improvement in exercise tolerance. The improvements in the Health Status Index physical function and general health subscales correlated negatively with forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (percentage of predicted value) and positively with residual volume/total lung capacity ratio. The improvement in exercise tolerance (expressed in watts or as maximum oxygen uptake), but not in quality-of-life indexes, was associated negatively with age and positively with weight, cognitive function, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity ratio. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that an inexpensive home rehabilitation program can improve quality of life and exercise tolerance in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, our results indicate that exercise tolerance evaluated by cycloergometry and quality of life evaluated by the mean of the Health Status Index questionnaire are independent outcome measures of pulmonary rehabilitation.     

家庭康复训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响

目的通过考察家庭康复训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的影响,以探讨家庭康复锻炼的方法和效果。方法组织在1998-01/2002-12吉林军医学院附属中心医院接受治疗的COPD患者进行为期12周的以步行为主要锻炼内容的家庭康复训练。训练强度以往复运动实验(SWT)为准。测量记录肺功能、运动能力和呼吸困难等内容。结果训练12周后,康复训练组的FVC(%预期值),FEV(%预期值)和FEV1/FVC比率明显高于对照组(t=1.851～2.892,P<0.05);康复组患者SWT与对照组相比有明显改善(t=2.137～2.938,P<0.05);康复组患者的运动时间和距离明显高于对照组(t=2.892～2.912,P<0.01),心率和呼吸困难程度明显低于对照组(t=2.268～2.938,P<0.05)。结论简单的家庭康复训练,在COPD患者中取得了很好的训练效果,患者的运动能力和呼吸困难程度得到改善。     

社区肺康复对轻中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生存质量的影响

目的 探讨社区肺康复对轻、中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者生存质量的影响.方法 对161例轻、中度COPD患者给予运动疗法、教育、心理社会与行为干预等肺康复干预措施,干预前后分别进行肺功能、呼吸困难、体质指数、6min步行测验、日常生活活动能力(ADL)和生活满意指数(LSIA)两个量表进行评估.结果 干预1年后患者的呼吸困难、6min步行测验、ADL和LSIA有显著改善(P＜0.01);肺功能、体质指数有改善(P＜0.05).结论 社区肺康复可提高轻、中度COPD患者的运动耐力,减轻呼吸困难症状,提高ADL,改善生活质量等,从而有效提高患者的生存质量.     

系统性呼吸功能训练对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者肺功能及呼吸指标的影响

目的 探讨系统性呼吸功能训练对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(asthma-COPD overlap syndrome,ACOS)患者肺功能和呼吸指标的影响。方法 选择笔者所在医院2019年5月-2020年10月收治的102例ACOS患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各51例。对照组行常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上融合系统性呼吸功能训练。比较2组干预前后的肺功能指标和呼吸指标。结果 干预后,研究组的肺功能各项指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);气道阻力各项指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05),呼吸困难程度轻于对照组(Z=-2.996,P=0.003)。结论 对ACOS患者在护理过程中融合系统性呼吸功能训练,可明显降低患者气道阻力指标,对改善肺功能、缓解患者呼吸困难具有明显效果。     

The effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme on older patients with chronic pulmonary disease

Aim. The aim of this study was to answer the question: is there an effect on the respiratory capacity and activity tolerance of older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who participate in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme? Background. Pulmonary rehabilitation is now an integral part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. Evidence supports the positive effects of breath training and exercising training on quality of life, exercise tolerance and improved physical condition of individual with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Limited empirical documentation exists to support the effectiveness of a nurse managed rehabilitation programme for older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study was done to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation provided by nurses on the pulmonary function, gas exchange and exercise tolerance in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design. A one group pre‐test–post‐test design was used to evaluate the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Method. The sample consisted of 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme including breathing exercises, upper‐limb exercises and inspiratory muscle training. Results. The findings indicated improvement in exercise performance and a decrease in dyspnea after participation in the pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Relevance to clinical practice. The clinical nurse can make a significant impact on the illness trajectory and quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse has a critical role in helping patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease learn to cope, adjust and adapt to life with a chronic illness. Active nurse involvement with a patient in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme can assist in the identification of factors that motivate the patient, help in establishing realistic out comes expectations and provide patient teaching opportunities. The nurse can assist the patient to develop skills of self‐awareness regarding particular symptoms, self‐monitoring and health status change identification.     

Improved quality of life among patients completing a pulmonary rehabilitation program: one center's early experience

INTRODUCTION: The conclusion of previous investigations that pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective intervention for the management of chronic lung disease may not be generalizable to PR programs with limited experience delivering this complex, interdisciplinary service. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether PR is effective for the first group of patients treated in a newly formed interdisciplinary PR program. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of changes in health-related quality of life and 6-minute walk test for the first group of patients completing our newly formed 8-week outpatient PR program. We studied 6 men, age 65-77 years, with stable severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients completed the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire immediately before and 1 year after participation in our PR program. RESULTS: Four patients completed the PR 6-minute walk test both before and after the program. We found improvement in all Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire domains at follow-up (mean +/- SD before and after): dyspnea 1.67 +/- 0.82 vs 4.92 +/- 0.49; emotional function 2.33 +/- 0.82 vs 5.50 +/- 0.55; fatigue 2.00 +/- 0.63 vs 5.00 +/- 0.63; feeling of mastery over disease 1.83 +/- 0.41 vs 5.83 +/- 1.17. The interval improvements in all health-related quality of life domains were statistically significant (p < 0.02 for all comparisons). There was a trend toward improvement in exercise tolerance: 231 +/- 213 ft before PR vs 353 +/- 66 ft at the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: PR can result in sustained improvement in the quality of life of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, even when this complex, interdisciplinary service is delivered by a newly formed and inexperienced PR program.     

虚拟现实康复训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中应用的系统评价

目的 系统评价虚拟现实康复训练在COPD患者中的应用效果。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL、Psyc-INFO等11个中英文数据库,检索时限从建库至2022年6月。纳入COPD患者使用虚拟现实康复训练的试验性研究。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取、文献质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入13篇文献,包括836例患者。Meta分析结果显示,虚拟现实康复训练有助于增加COPD患者的6 min步行距离[MD=20.31,95%CI(8.74,31.89),P<0.001];提升COPD患者的肺功能,血氧饱和度[MD=0.86,95%CI(0.33,1.39),P=0.002],第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比[MD=6.85,95%CI(4.13,9.58),P<0.001],第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值[MD=9.81,95%CI(5.16,14.46),P<0.001];改善COPD患者的认知功能[MD=4.04,95%CI(3.36,...     

Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation and clinical practice

Pulmonary rehabilitation(PR) is comprehensive care for patients with chronic pulmonary disorder, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PR is done by team approach and individualized according to the patient's goal. The important components of PR are assessment, patient education, exercise, psychosocial support and follow-up. Patient education includes understanding of pathophysiology of patient's own lung disease, breathing retraining, bronchial hygiene, smoking cessation, medications, nutrition and prevention of acute exacerbation. The role of exercise training is most important and its efficacy has been strongly supported. Exercise training program should include both lower and upper extremity training, and in selected patients ventilatory muscle training is recommended. PR improves exercise tolerance, dyspnea, health-related QOL. Follow-up care is needed for long-term benefits.