血红蛋白α肽与β肽的分离、检定

在基因重组血红蛋白的研究与血红蛋白有关的遗传性疾病的诊断方面，血红蛋白的α肽和β肽的分离有着十分重要的意义。现笔者将α肽和β肽的分离和鉴定结果报道如下。１材料与方法１．１材料血液（来自血库的Ｏ型血），二氯甲烷（ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２），ＰＭＢ（苯甲酸氯），ＣＭ...     

心钠肽、脑钠肽与心房颤动复律关系研究

心房颤动（AF）是临床最常见的心律失常之一，如何恢复并维持窦性心律日益受到重视。心钠肽（ANP）、脑钠肽（BNP）与AF之间的关系少有文献报道。本研究通过AF患者复律前后血浆BNP、ANP变化，探导AF复律后并能维持窦性心律与血浆BNP、ANP变化的关系。     

BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT在慢性肺源性心脏病患者病情发展及疗效评估中的应用

目的 探究血清脑钠肽(BNP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血清精氨酸加压素(AVP)、和肽素(CPT)在慢性肺源性心脏病(肺心病)患者病情发展及疗效评估中的应用价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年1月本院呼吸内科诊治的肺心病患者80例,其中肺心病缓解期42例、肺心病急性加重期38 例,选择同期于医院进行体检的健康人群60例为对照组。检测并对比3组BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平,并对肺心病患者进行低流量吸氧,通畅气道,控制心力衰竭等治疗,记录并对比80例肺心病患者治疗前后BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平变化。结果 肺心病患者BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平均显著高于对照组。治疗后,两组BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平均显著降低,肺心病急性加重期组BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平依然均高于肺心病缓解期(P<0.05)。结论 肺心病患者BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平高于正常对照组,且随着病情的加重,BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平越高,加强BNP、Hcy、AVP、CPT水平的监测,有利于肺心病患者的防治。     

高血压病人血糖、胰岛素、C肽测定的临床意义

近年研究表明，高血压与高胰岛素血症（ＨＩＳ）、胰岛素抵抗（ＩＳＲ）及糖代谢紊乱有关。本文对３８例原发性高血压患者进行空腹及服７５ｇ葡萄糖后２小时血糖（ＢＧ）、胰岛素（ＩＳ）、Ｃ肽检测并与正常对照组比较，以探讨高血压与ＢＧ、ＩＳ的关系及高血压患者检测Ｂ...     

危重症患儿应激状态下血糖、胰岛素、C肽的变化及检验意义

为探讨危重症患儿在应激状态下胰岛功能的代偿能力，我们测定30例危重症患儿血清胰岛素、C肽、血糖的水平，为临床危重症患儿合理葡萄糖静脉滴注提供依据，以防因血糖的变化而加重机体的损害，现将结果报告如下。     

血液透析中C型利钠肽、心脏扩张肽的连续动态观察

目的通过对血液透析过程中CNP(c-type natriuretic peptide)、CDN(cardiodilatin)的连续动态观测,对单次血液透析的影响作出评估.方法选取2000年6月～2001年8月在我中心长期维持性血液透析全部患者18例,透析前血肌酐>500μmol/L,其中男14例,女4例,年龄29～74岁(平均48.4岁),血液透析时间2个月～55个月(平均17个月),每次血液透析5小时,每周2～3次;血液透析器为德国Braun HE1400,血液透析液为碳酸氢盐透析液.随机观测30次血液透析过程,选取血液透析开始前、血液透析治疗第1、2、3、4小时及血液透析结束时(第5小时)共6个时间,记录血压及采取血标本.用放免法检测CNP及CDN.数据按血液透析中标本采取时间分为6个组进行自身组间对照,因素间行直线相关分析.结果①CNP正常参考值14.40～25.52ng/L[(19.96±5.56)ng/L].血液透析前较血液透析中各组均低,有显著性差异;血液透析过程中及血液透析后各组间无显著性差异.各组均数均明显高于正常参考值.②CDN正常参考值210～260ng/L.从均数上显示血液透析前、透析后较高,超出正常参考值上限,透析中降低,透析中各组均数均在正常参考值内,各组间两两比较无显著性差异.③相关分析显示CNP与收缩压、CNP与舒张压呈正相关.结论慢性肾衰竭及血液透析影响了血浆内多种血管活性肽的变化.CNP值高于正常参考值,血液透析过程中浓度逐渐升高;CDN血液透析前、透析后较高,超出正常参考值上限,透析中降低,透析中各组均数均在正常参考值内.CNP与收缩压、CNP与舒张压呈正相关.     

应用血清NT-proBNP、Copeptin、ST2水平综合评价重组人脑利钠肽治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效

目的应用NT-pro BNP、Copeptin、ST2水平综合评价重组人脑利钠肽治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效。方法采用随机、平行、阳性对照临床研究。选择射血分数≤0.40的慢性心力衰竭急性失代偿期住院患者80例,随机分配至2个组别:(1)对照组:按照指南给予慢性心力衰竭基础药物治疗,包括利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、醛固酮受体拮抗剂、正性肌力药等。(2)重组人脑利钠肽组:基础药物加用重组人脑利钠肽。治疗前及治疗1周后监测患者生命体征、心力衰竭临床表现,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清NT-pro BNP、Copeptin、ST2值。结果共75例纳入结果分析。(1)临床有效率:对照组62.5%(25/40),重组人脑利钠肽组85.7%(30/35)(P=0.035)。(2)1治疗后血清NT-pro BNP水平较治疗前下降(Con组t=5.643,P<0.001;rh BNP组t=8.820,P<0.001);试验组优于对照组(t=-2.14,P=0.011)。2治疗后和肽素水平较治疗前均下降(Con组t=5.044,P<0.001;rh BNP组t=6.669,P=0.001);试验组优于对照组(t=-3.298,P=0.003)。3对照组治疗后ST2较治疗前下降(t=3.741,P=0.004)。重组人脑利钠钛组治疗前后血清ST2水平不具有统计学差异(t=0.549,P=0.595)。试验组ST2降低明显低于对照组(t=2.308,P=0.032)。(3)对照组与试验组不良反应发生率分别为5%(2/40)与8.3%(3/35),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.663)。结论 (1)综合应用NT-pro BNP、Copeptin、ST2可以更加全面的评估心力衰竭患者的病情;(2)重组人脑利钠肽可能不利于抑制心肌炎症和纤维化的发展,从而对于心力衰竭患者长期预后不利,但对于短期改善心力衰竭症状有效。     

C肽、血脂水平与糖尿病足关系的研究

糖尿病足(diabetic foot，DF)是糖尿病患者血管病变导致的双足肢端缺血和周围神经病变而失去感觉，且易并发感染，可累及皮肤到骨与关节的各层组织。最常见的是足溃疡，病情发展迅速，处理不当会导致患者病情急转直下，严重者截肢致残甚至死亡。本研究旨在了解C肽(CP)、血脂及血糖对DF的影响，寻找与DF关系及DF的辅助治疗方法。     

一次性急性力竭运动后大鼠血浆内皮素、肾上腺髓质素、降钙素基因相关肽含量的变化

目的:观察一次急性力竭运动对机体心血管系统内分泌的影响。方法:实验于2004-05在扬州大学体育学院运动人体科学研究所实验动物中心和苏北人民医院生化检测中心放免实验室完成。①20只雄性SD大鼠按编号随机分成一次急性力竭和对照组2组,每组10只,一次力竭组大鼠做一次急性力竭游泳运动,力竭判断标准按Thomas等报道文献的标准。对照组:常规饲养,不加干预。②大鼠力竭后立即从腹主动脉处取血2mL,注入预置含100g/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠30μL和抑肽酶40μL的玻璃试管中,混匀。所有血液标本立即低温(4℃,3000r/min,10min)分离血浆,暂存于4℃冰箱内,并在24h内采用放射免疫法,测定内皮素、肾上腺髓质素及降钙素基因相关肽含量。结果:一次急性力竭组取血前死亡2只,进入结果分析18只。①一次性力竭组大鼠血浆内皮素含量比对照组升高了22.11%[(176.62±13.62),(144.64±14.30)ng/L],差异显著(P<0.05)。②一次性力竭组大鼠血浆肾上腺髓质素含量比对照组升高了6.14%[(254.55±34.72),(239.83±34.10)ng/L],差异不显著(P>0.05)。③一次性力竭组大鼠血浆降钙素基因相关肽含量比对照组下降了46.03%[(90.95±24.39),(168.52±32.23)ng/L,差异显著(P<0.05)]。结论:一次急性力竭运动会导致血管活性肽的分泌严重失衡。     

急性心肌梗死患者血浆中ET、CGRP和血清中NO、NOS含量的变化及临床意义

内皮素（endothelin，ET）是由21个氨基酸组成的肽类物质，具有强烈的收缩血管作用，而降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin’gene-related peptide，CGRP）是由37个氨基酸组成的由降钙素基因表达的生物活性多肽，具有舒张血管作用。     

NO and HNO donors,nitrones, and nitroxides: Past,present, and future

The biological effects attributed to nitric oxide (^?NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied, propelling their array of putative clinical applications beyond cardiovascular disorders toward other age‐related diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the unique properties and reactivity of the N‐O bond enabled the development of several classes of compounds with potential clinical interest, among which ^?NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides are of particular importance. Although primarily studied for their application as cardioprotective agents and/or molecular probes for radical detection, continuous efforts have unveiled a wide range of pharmacological activities and, ultimately, therapeutic applications. These efforts are of particular significance for diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role, as shown by a growing volume of in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Although in its early stages, these efforts may provide valuable guidelines for the development of new and effective N‐O‐based drugs for age‐related disorders. In this report, we review recent advances in the chemistry of NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides and discuss its pharmacological significance and potential therapeutic application.     

Lipid messenger, diacylglycerol, and its regulator, diacylglycerol kinase, in cells, organs, and animals: history and perspective

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) metabolizes diacylglycerol (DG), a glycerolipid containing two acyl chains, to convert phosphatidic acid. DG is produced through phosphoinositide turnover within the membrane and is well known to act as a second messenger that modulates the activity of protein kinase C in the cellular signal transduction. Recent studies have revealed that DG also activates several proteins, including Ras guanine-nucleotide releasing protein and ion channels such as transient receptor potential proteins. Therefore, DGK is thought to participate in a number of signaling cascades by modulating levels of DG. Previous studies have disclosed that DGK is composed of a family of the isozymes, which differ in the structure, enzymological property, gene expression and localization, subcellular localization, and binding molecules. The present review focuses on the stories of phosphoinositide turnover and DG, including historical views, structural features, metabolism, and relevant cellular phenomena, together with the characteristics of DGK isozymes and the pathophysiological findings on animal studies using knockout mice and models for human diseases. Now it is being revealed that the structural and functional diversity and heterogeneity of and around DGK support the proper arrangement of the complex signal transduction machinery.     

自立,自强,自信,再发展

2021年,世界科技、经济风云变幻,并随疫情的发展而跌宕起伏,然而,中国科技、经济的发展令人刮目相看,而我国的睡眠医学发展,正在走向自立,睡眠产业发展迅速,新的睡眠中心越建越好,中国开始拥有自己国家生产的睡眠监测设备,实现睡眠监测技术的自强,中国正在怀着极大的自信,在推进高原睡眠研究、生物节律研究以及与睡眠相应的生理学和药理学研究,脑的睡眠调控机制等方面的研究,期盼再次得到快速发展,国家开始投入资金研究破解国人亟须解决的各种睡眠障碍,世界科技也呼唤中国的睡眠科学持续发展,并加强世界各国睡眠研究者的学术交流。     

Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis

Diseases that cause vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis are major problems for populations worldwide. Patients, particularly infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, may present at any point in a wide spectrum of disease states, underscoring the need for the clinician to treat these ailments aggressively. Several promising new treatment modalities, from oral rehydration solutions to antiemetic therapies, have been introduced over the past decade. Future directions include the use of probiotic agents and better tolerated rehydration solutions. Gastrointestinal disease will continue to be a focus worldwide in the search for better ways to cure illnesses associated with vomiting and diarrhea.