右佐匹克隆联合阅读疗法对失眠症患者心理健康与睡眠质量的影响

目的：探讨右佐匹克隆联合阅读疗法对失眠症患者心理健康与睡眠质量的影响。方法将68例失眠症患者分为两组,均口服右佐匹克隆,治疗组联合阅读疗法治疗,观察12周。治疗前后采用症状自评量表评定心理健康状况,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评定睡眠质量。结果失眠症患者症状自评量表总分与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）;治疗组治疗各时点症状自评量表总分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、附加因子分及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分、各因子分均显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）,治疗12周末治愈率显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。对照组在治疗第12周匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分有回升趋势。结论睡眠质量与心理健康状况密切相关,两者相互作用、相互影响,右佐匹克隆联合阅读疗法能显著改善失眠症患者的心理健康状况和睡眠质量,疗效持久,优于单纯药物治疗。     

脑电生物反馈治疗失眠症疗效观察

目的观察脑电生物反馈治疗失眠症的临床疗效。方法将70例失眠症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各35例,研究组给予脑电生物反馈治疗,对照组给予药物治疗。于治疗前后采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表评定睡眠质量。结果治疗后两组匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表总分及各因子分较治疗前均有显著降低（P〈0．05或0．01）;与对照组比较,研究组匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表总分、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续性、功能紊乱因子得分下降更显著（P〈0．05）,使用睡眠药物更少（P〈0．01）。结论脑电生物反馈治疗可以明显改善失眠症患者症状,提高睡眠质量。     

急诊科护士睡眠质量和心理健康状况的调查及分析

目的:调查分析急诊科护士的睡眠质量和心理健康状况.方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对本市两所三级甲等医院68名急诊科护士和70名普通内科护士的睡眠质量和心理健康状况进行调查.结果:急诊科护士匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分和各因子得分均高于普通内科护士,差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).症状自评量表中除敌对、偏执因子外,其余因子分及总分均高于普通内科护士,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).急诊科护士除睡眠时间这个成分外,其余匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表各成分与症状自评量表各因子及总分间呈正相关关系.结论:急诊科护士睡眠质量和心理健康水平值得关注,需采取多种措施改善急诊科护士的睡眠质量和提高其心理健康水平,以保证护理安全和质量.     

脑电生物反馈治疗失眠疗效评价

目的探讨脑电生物反馈治疗失眠患者的临床疗效。方法将30例失眠患者设为研究组,给予10次脑电生物反馈治疗;将30例正常人设为对照组,应用数字化脑电图仪记录两组治疗前后各波功率值及总波功率值。于治疗前后采用匹茨堡睡眠指数量表、症状自评量表评定临床疗效。结果研究组治疗前脑电波总波功率值、口波功率高于对照组,但差异无显著性;经脑电生物反馈治疗后显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;治疗后症状自评量表总分、各因子分及匹茨堡睡眠指数量表分均较治疗前有显著下降（P〈0．01）。结论脑电生物反馈治疗可显著改善失眠患者的脑电波,提高睡眠质量。     

小剂量喹硫平对失眠症患者睡眠质量及心理健康状况的影响

目的 探讨小剂量喹硫平对失眠症患者睡眠质量及心理健康状况的影响.方法 将57例失眠症患者随机分为两组,研究组29例,口服小剂量喹硫平治疗,对照组28例,口服阿普唑仑治疗,观察8周.于治疗前及治疗8周末采用症状自评量表、自我和谐量表评定两组患者的心理健康状况,采用匹慈堡睡眠质量指数评定临床疗效.结果 治疗前两组症状自评量表、自我和谐量表、匹慈堡睡眠质量指数总分及各因子分差异均无显著性(P＞0.05);治疗8周末,研究组症状自评量表总分及躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分,自我和谐量表总分及不和谐度因子分,匹慈堡睡眠质量指数总分及睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、日间功能因子分均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或0.01).研究组显效率55.2%、总有效率86.2%,对照组分别为17.9%、50.0%,研究组显效率、总有效率均显著高于对照组(χ2=8.52、8.64,P＜0.01).结论 小剂量喹硫平治疗失眠症疗效显著,能改善患者的负性情绪,增强日间功能,提高睡眠质量和心理健康水平,优于阿普唑仑治疗.     

厦门市在校学生睡眠质量与生活事件相关性研究

目的 了解厦门市不同年龄段在校学生的睡眠质量,探讨该群体睡眠质量与生活事件的相关性.方法 对厦门市879名在校学生应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表及青少年生活事件量表进行测评分析.结果 初中生、高中生、大学生、研究生睡眠障碍检出率依次为7.7％、21.7％、20.6％、26.3％,四者比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01);除睡眠效率因子分外,不同层次学生匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分及各因子分比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01);中学生及大学生匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分与青少年生活事件量表总分及各因子分呈著正相关(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 厦门市不同年龄段在校学生存在不同类型、不同程度的睡眠问题,随着年龄的增长睡眠障碍检出率呈增高趋势,其睡眠质量与生活事件密切相关.     

突发性群体暴力事件后一线救援医护人员心理健康状况调查

目的 探讨突发性群体暴力事件后一线救援医护人员的心理健康状况,为制定有针对性的心理干预措施提供依据.方法 将突发性群体暴力事件后某部队医院55名一线救援医务人员设为研究组,随机抽取同期普通病房医护人员82名设为对照组,采用事件冲击量表、睡眠量表及症状自评量表对两组进行测评分析.结果 两组事件冲击量表及睡眠量表评分均显著高于正常人群,研究组事件冲击量表总分及各因子分、睡眠量表总分均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或0.01).研究组症状自评量表总分及焦虑、偏执因子分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或0.01),总分、总均分、阳性项目数及除强迫症状因子外的8个因子分显著高于中国常模(P＜0.01),总均分、阳性项目数及躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子分显著高于军人常模(P＜0.01);对照组症状自评量表总分、总均分、阳性项目数及除强迫症状、偏执因子外的其他因子分均显著高于中国常模(P＜0.05或0.01),阳性项目数及强迫症状、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子分与军人常模比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 突发性群体暴力事件后一线救援医护人员普遍存在不同程度的心理问题,及时开展有针对性的心理健康教育对提高其心理健康水平具有重要意义.     

不同体质量指数男性不育患者心理评估

目的：探讨不同体质量指数男性不育症患者的心理健康状况,为临床干预提供依据。方法将292例男性不育患者按照体质量指数分为3组,正常组84例,超重组117例,肥胖组91例。对3组患者应用症状自评量表进行测评分析。结果超重组和肥胖组症状自评量表总分及强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑因子分均显著高于常模（P＜0．05）,总分及强迫因子分显著高于正常组（P＜0．05或0．01）;正常组总分及抑郁、焦虑因子分显著高于常模（P＜0．05）;入组被试体质量指数与强迫、抑郁、焦虑因子分呈显著正相关（P＜0．05）。结论肥胖和超重男性不育患者存在不同程度的心理问题,应对其予以有针对性的心理干预。     

辽河油田部分高中学生心理健康状况调查

目的探讨高中学生心理健康状况,为开展中学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法对148名高中学生采用一般资料调查表和症状自评量表进行测评分析。结果本组高中生症状自评量表评分除恐惧因子分与青少年常模比较差异无显著性外（P〉0．05）,其他因子分均显著高于青少年常模（P〈0．05或0．01）,其中因子分≥2分检出率为16．8％-40．8％,≥3分检出率为2．4％-11．1％;高一学生症状自评量表躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑因子分显著高于高二学生（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论高中学生心理健康水平相对偏低,高一新生心理问题较高二学生更为严重;学校应有针对性地加强高中学生的心理健康教育工作。     

甲状腺机能亢进患者睡眠质量与心理健康状况的相关性研究

采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、临床症状自评量表（SCL-90）测试了128例甲亢患者。结果发现①年龄≥35岁的甲亢患者PSQI总均分高于年龄＜35岁组（P＜0．05）。②87．5％的甲亢患者有睡眠问题，9．38％的患者睡眠质量较差，女性睡眠质量较差者的发生率明显高于男性（P＜0．05）。③甲亢患者的SCL-90得分除人际关系敏感、偏执和精神病性3个因子外，其余6个因子平均分均明显高于常模（P＜0．05）。甲亢患者的心理问题高达10．2％。④SCL-90总分与PSQI各成分中除睡眠时间、催眠药物外，相关系数均在0．32以上，且有极显著性意义（P＜0．05～P＜0．001）。本研究提示：甲亢患者存在的睡眠问题影响其心理健康，认为甲克患者睡眠质量差是影响其心理健康状况的一个重要危险因素。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.