理性情绪疗法联合正念减压疗法对腋臭患者术后情绪应对方式及自我效能的影响

目的探讨理性情绪疗法联合正念减压疗法对腋臭患者术后情绪、应对方式及自我效能的影响。方法将90例行手术治疗的腋臭患者按建档顺序分为两组,各45例。两组均采取常规护理干预,研究组在此基础上采取理性情绪疗法联合正念减压疗法开展护理干预,观察14 d。比较干预前后两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、简易应对方式问卷、一般自我效能感量表、自我感受负担量表、生活质量量表评分及护理满意度。结果(1)干预后两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分较干预前显著降低(P<0.01),研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)干预后两组简易应对方式问卷的积极应对维度评分较干预前显著升高(P<0.01),消极应对维度评分较干预前显著降低(P<0.01),研究组显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)干预后两组一般自我效能感量表的日常生活行为管理、认知症状管理、疾病管理评分较干预前显著升高(P<0.01),研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)干预后两组自我感受负担量表的情感因素、经济因素、身体因素评分较干预前显著降低(P<0.05或0.01),研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)干预后两组生活质量量表的精神健康、情感职能、社会功能评分较干预前显著升高(P<0.01),研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。(6)研究组护理总满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论理性情绪疗法联合正念减压疗法能显著缓解腋臭患者术后的焦虑抑郁情绪,改善患者的应对方式,减轻自我感受负担,提高其自我效能水平、生活质量及护理满意度。     

理性情绪疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁患者心理状态的影响

目的：探讨理性情绪疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁患者心理状态的影响。方法将84例精神分裂症后抑郁患者分为两组,每组42例。两组均予以精神科常规治疗及健康宣教,研究组在此基础上联合理性情绪疗法治疗。观察6周。于治疗前后采用自尊量表、自我接纳问卷、汉密顿抑郁量表评定干预效果。结果治疗后两组汉密顿抑郁量表评分均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．05或0．01）,研究组显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05）;自尊量表、自我接纳问卷评分均较治疗前显著升高（P＜0．05或0．01）,研究组显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论理性情绪疗法能显著改善精神分裂症后抑郁患者的抑郁情绪,提高其自尊水平及自我接纳程度。     

自我效能干预对大面积烧伤康复期患者焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨自我效能干预对大面积烧伤康复期患者焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的影响.方法:将108例大面积烧伤康复期患者按入院顺序随机分为两组,每组54例.两组均予以烧伤科常规治疗及护理,研究组在此基础上联合自我效能干预,观察3个月.于干预前后采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定焦虑抑郁情绪,简明烧伤健康量表评定患者的生活质量.结果:干预后研究组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和对照组焦虑自评量表评分较干预前显著降低(P＜0.05或0.01),研究组显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);研究组简明烧伤健康量表总分及各维度分、对照组躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能维度分均较干预前显著升高(P＜0.01),研究组显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:自我效能干预能显著改善大面积烧伤康复期患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,提高其心理健康水平及生活质量.     

理性情绪疗法对精神分裂症患者心理状态的影响

目的探讨理性情绪疗法对精神分裂症患者自尊水平及心理状态的影响。方法按住院先后顺序将112名精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组,对照组进行常规治疗、护理及健康教育,研究组在此基础上进行理性情绪疗法。干预前、后采用自尊量表、自我接纳问卷及症状自评量表分别进行效果评价。结果干预前两组患者的自尊量表、自我接纳问卷及症状自评量表评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后研究组患者的自尊量表、自我接纳问卷评分高于对照组(P0.01),而症状自评量表评分低于对照组(P0.01)。结论理性情绪疗法可帮助精神分裂症患者消除自卑心理,增加自我评价和自我接纳程度,并提高其自尊水平。     

自我管理技能训练联合音乐疗法对精神分裂症患者社会功能及生活能力的影响

目的 探讨自我管理技能训练联合音乐疗法对精神分裂症患者社会功能及生活能力的影响.方法 将120例精神分裂症患者按随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各60例.两组均给予常规药物治疗及护理,研究组在此基础上给予自我管理技能训练联合音乐疗法干预,观察8周.干预前及干预8周末采用简明精神病量表评定临床症状严重程度,社会功能缺陷筛...     

音乐疗法联合配偶同步健康教育对IVF-ET患者焦虑抑郁情绪及应对方式的影响

目的 探讨音乐疗法联合配偶同步健康教育对体外受精-胚胎移植患者焦虑、抑郁情绪及应对方式的影响.方法 将80例体外受精-胚胎移植患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各40例.两组均给予常规干预,研究组在此基础上给予音乐疗法联合配偶同步健康教育.比较两组妊娠结局、不同阶段两组配偶健康知识掌握度,干预前后采用焦虑自评量表...     

基于焦点解决模式的干预对脑卒中恢复期患者肢体功能及自我效能感的影响

目的 探讨基于焦点解决模式的干预对脑卒中恢复期患者肢体功能及自我效能感的影响.方法 将300例脑卒中恢复期患者按照入院时间分为研究组与对照组,各150例.两组均给予常规干预,研究组在此基础上给予基于焦点解决模式的干预.干预前后采用焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评定两组焦虑抑郁情绪,采用自我效能感量表评定两组自我效能感,采用...     

分级心理干预联合医护一体化护理对冠状动脉搭桥患者术后负性情绪及睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨分级心理干预联合医护一体化护理干预对冠状动脉搭桥患者术后负性情绪及睡眠质量的影响.方法将103例冠状动脉搭桥手术患者依照入院顺序分为研究组52例,对照组51例,对照组采取常规护理干预,研究组于对照组基础上采取分级心理干预联合医护一体化护理干预,两组均干预至出院.干预前后采用焦虑自评量表评定焦虑状况,抑郁自评量表评定抑郁状况,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评定睡眠质量,日常生活能力指数评定日常生活能力,自护能力量表评定自护能力,自制护理工作满意度量表评定护理工作满意度.结果干预后两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评分较干预前显著下降(P<0.01),研究组评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.01);两组日常生活能力指数、自护能力量表评分较干预前显著升高(P<0.01),研究组评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);研究组护理工作满意度(98.1%)显著高于对照组(84.3%)(P<0.05).结论冠状动脉搭桥手术患者采取分级心理干预联合医护一体化护理干预,能显著缓解负性情绪,提升睡眠质量、日常生活能力,改善自护能力,提高护理工作满意度.     

理性情绪疗法对乳腺癌患者自尊状况的影响

目的 探讨理性情绪疗法对乳腺癌患者自尊状况的影响.方法 将118例乳腺癌患者随机分为对照组和观察组各59例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础上给予理性情绪疗法,分别于干预前后用状态自尊量表(state self-esteem scale,SSES)对2组患者进行自尊状况评定.结果 干预前2组患者的自尊总分、行为自尊、社会自尊及外表自尊等评分比较差异无统计学意义;干预后观察组患者的自尊总分、行为自尊、社会自尊及外表自尊评分较对照组明显提高,差异均有统计学意义.结论 理性情绪疗法能提高乳腺癌患者的自尊水平,从而提高患者的心理健康状况.     

叙事护理对食管癌患者情绪及癌因性疲乏的影响

目的 探讨叙事护理对食管癌患者情绪及癌因性疲乏的影响.方法 将78例食管癌患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组39例.两组均给予常规护理,研究组在此基础上给予叙事护理,观察3周.干预前后采用汉密顿焦虑量表及汉密顿抑郁量表评定两组焦虑抑郁状况,采用简易应对方式问卷评定两组应对方式,采用癌症疲乏量表评定两组疲乏程度...     

Modulation of emotion by cognition and cognition by emotion

In this study, we examined the impact of goal-directed processing on the response to emotional pictures and the impact of emotional pictures on goal-directed processing. Subjects (N=22) viewed neutral or emotional pictures in the presence or absence of a demanding cognitive task. Goal-directed processing disrupted the BOLD response to emotional pictures. In particular, the BOLD response within bilateral amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus decreased during concurrent task performance. Moreover, the presence of both positive and negative distractors disrupted task performance, with reaction times increasing for emotional relative to neutral distractors. Moreover, in line with the suggestion of the importance of lateral frontal regions in emotional regulation [Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Cooper, J. C., Robertson, E. R., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D., et al. (2004). For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down-and up-regulation of negative emotion. NeuroImage, 23(2), 483-499], connectivity analysis revealed positive connectivity between lateral superior frontal cortex and regions of middle frontal cortex previously implicated in emotional suppression [Beauregard, M., Levesque, J., and Bourgouin, P. (2001). Neural correlates of conscious self-regulation of emotion. J. Neurosci., 21 (18), RC165.; Levesque, J., Eugene, F., Joanette, Y., Paquette, V., Mensour, B., Beaudoin, G., et al. (2003). Neural circuitry underlying voluntary suppression of sadness. Biol. Psychiatry, 53 (6), 502-510.; Ohira, H., Nomura, M., Ichikawa, N., Isowa, T., Iidaka, T., Sato, A., et al. (2006). Association of neural and physiological responses during voluntary emotion suppression. NeuroImage, 29 (3), 721-733] and negative connectivity with bilateral amygdala. These data suggest that processes involved in emotional regulation are recruited during task performance in the context of emotional distractors.     

Locus of emotion: the effect of task order and age on emotion perceived and emotion felt in response to music

The relationship between emotions perceived to be expressed (external locus EL) versus emotions felt (internal locus--IL) in response to music was examined using 5 contrasting pieces of Romantic, Western art music. The main hypothesis tested was that emotion expressed along the dimensions of emotional-strength, valence, and arousal were lower in magnitude for IL than EL. IL and EL judgments made together after one listening (Experiment 2, n = 18) produced less differentiated responses than when each task was performed after separate listenings (Experiment 1, n = 28). This merging of responses in the locus-task-together condition started to disappear as statistical power was increased. Statistical power was increased by recruiting an additional subject pool of elderly individuals (Experiment 3, n = 19, mean age 75 years). Their valence responses were more positive, and their emotional-strength ratings were generally lower, compared to their younger counterparts. Overall data analysis revealed that IL responses fluctuated slightly more than EL emotions, meaning that the latter are more stable. An additional dimension of dominance-submissiveness was also examined, and was useful in differentiating between pieces, but did not return a difference between IL and EL. Some therapy applications of these findings are discussed.     

Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI

Neuroimagingstudies with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have begun to describe the functional neuroanatomy of emotion. Taken separately, specific studies vary in task dimensions and in type(s) of emotion studied and are limited by statistical power and sensitivity. By examining findings across studies, we sought to determine if common or segregated patterns of activations exist across various emotional tasks. We reviewed 55 PET and fMRI activation studies (yielding 761 individual peaks) which investigated emotion in healthy subjects. Peak activation coordinates were transformed into a standard space and plotted onto canonical 3-D brain renderings. We divided the brain into 20 nonoverlapping regions, and characterized each region by its responsiveness across individual emotions (positive, negative, happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust), to different induction methods (visual, auditory, recall/imagery), and in emotional tasks with and without cognitive demand. Our review yielded the following summary observations: (1) The medial prefrontal cortex had a general role in emotional processing; (2) fear specifically engaged the amygdala; (3) sadness was associated with activity in the subcallosal cingulate; (4) emotional induction by visual stimuli activated the occipital cortex and the amygdala; (5) induction by emotional recall/imagery recruited the anterior cingulate and insula; (6) emotional tasks with cognitive demand also involved the anterior cingulate and insula. This review provides a critical comparison of findings across individual studies and suggests that separate brain regions are involved in different aspects of emotion.     

拖沓与情绪的关系

目的:评述拖沓与情绪关系研究动态,为拖沓心理学实证研究提供有益启发。资料来源:应用计算机检索EBSCO1982-01/2003-12期间的国外关于拖沓与情绪方面的文章以及作者已发表的拖沓探讨文章,检索词为“Procrastination,emotion”。资料选择:对所获文章进行仔细研读。纳入标准:选择与情绪有关的、涉及焦虑和抑郁的文献。排除重复研究类文章。资料提炼:在收集的185篇文献中,有12篇选为参考文献。资料综合:大量文献表明,焦虑、抑郁在拖沓行为发生中扮演着重要角色,尤其是焦虑和拖沓的关联是相当复杂且颇具争论性。结论:焦虑及抑郁等情绪对于拖沓行为及习惯具有双面影响的功能,抑郁和焦虑对拖沓习惯的影响错综复杂。既要考虑情绪作为拖沓的前置因素,也应重视拖沓后的情绪反应。拖沓心理学实证研究应注重验证性因素分析和纵向研究。     

拖沓与情绪的关系

目的：评述拖沓与情绪关系研究动态，为拖沓心理学实证研究提供有益启发：资料来源：应用计算机检索EBSCO1982-01／2003-12期间的国外关于拖沓与情绪方面的文章以及作者已发表的拖沓探讨文章，检索词为“Procrastination，emotion”。资料选择：对所获文章进行仔细研读。纳入标准：选择与情绪有关的、涉及焦虑和抑郁的文献：排除重复研究类文章。资料提炼：在收集的185篇文献中，有12篇选为参考文献。资料综合：大量文献表明，焦虑、抑郁在拖沓行为发生中扮演着莺要角色，尤其是焦虑和拖沓的关联是相当复杂且颇具争论性。结论：焦虑及抑郁等情绪对于拖沓行为及习惯具有双面影响的功能，抑郁和焦虑对拖沓习惯的影响错综复杂。既要考虑情绪作为拖沓的前置因素，也应重视拖沓后的情绪反应。拖沓心理学实证研究应注重验证性因素分析和纵向研究。     

Evaluating expressed emotion and schizophrenia

This article presents another review from the Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research (NPNR) National Journal Club (see Vol 8(15): 1010-12). The article reviewed was Willets and Leff's (1997) 'Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the efficacy of a staff training programme'. The collated feedback comments from the regional journal clubs is based on the format proposed by Cormack (1991). The views expressed in this article are those of the journal club members and not necessarily those of the NPNR.     

Expressed emotion on long-stay wards

We examined the influence of an educational programme on nurses' level of expressed emotion (EE), on ward climate and on social functioning and psychopathology of hospitalized schizophrenic patients Nurses and patients were from long-stay wards of six Dutch psychiatric hospitals Despite an increase of nurses' knowledge about schizophrenia we did not find measurable effects on nurses' levels of EE According to the five minute speech sample method, a third of the nurses participating in this study had a high level of expressed emotion, mainly consisting of criticism This was a rather stable pattern Patients, however, were reluctant to give their nurses high EE ratings on the level of expressed emotion scale Psychopathology was not influenced by the educational programme, but social functioning of patients was related to EE in nurses Moreover, we found a significant decline in the number of restrictive ward rules at follow-up We conclude that, while it may be difficult to detect changes in EE level after an educational programme for nurses, there nevertheless appear to be measurable benefits for patients