新生儿高胆红素血症换血前后血细胞指标变化的观察与分析

目的 观察和分析新生儿高胆红素血症换血前后血细胞指标的变化.方法 收集进行外周动静脉双管同步换血治疗的新生儿高胆红素血症患儿24例,患儿换血前后检测总胆红素(TBIL)浓度,进行全血细胞分析并比较换血前后各指标的变化.结果 24例高胆红素血症新生儿换血后TBIL明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血细胞分析研究项目中血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、红细胞体积平均分布宽度(RDW-CV)、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)换血后均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而红细胞(RBC)换血前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 高胆红素血症新生儿换血前后血液细胞分析结果的变化,对评估治疗效果和提高换血安全性具有重要意义.     

成分换血治疗新生儿 ABO 溶血病的疗效分析

目的：比较改良成分换血疗法与传统换血疗法治疗新生儿 ABO 溶血病前后血液指标的变化。方法选择2008年1月至2012年6月昆明医科大学第一附属医院儿科确诊为ABO溶血病且具备换血条件的患儿40例,随机分为对照组20例,给予“O型红细胞悬液＋AB型血浆”换血治疗;治疗组20例,给予“浓缩洗涤O型红细胞＋AB型血浆”换血治疗。测定换血前后血清总胆红素（TBil）、间接胆红素（IBil）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（HCT ）。结果两组患儿换血治疗后TBil、IBil水平均明显下降。对照组患儿换血后 Hb、RBC、HCT水平低于换血前;治疗组患儿换血后 Hb、RBC、HCT 水平高于换血前;两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论改良成分换血治疗新生儿ABO溶血病后血液指标明显改善,疗效较传统换血治疗好。     

新生儿换血治疗中血库血的血铅检测及其意义

<正>新生儿换血是治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的主要治疗方法,由于换血量较大,新生儿生理功能尚不成熟,对接受血液的安全性要求更高。我们在2005年10月-2006年10月对本院新生儿科因高胆红素血症换血所接受的153袋血样本     

外周动静脉同步自动换血治疗新生儿高胆红素血症26例效果观察

目的:探讨外周动静脉同步自动换血治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效.方法:监测自动换血的26例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿换血前后胆红素、血常规、电解质、血糖、pH值及凝血功能指标的变化,并监测患儿换血过程中生命体征及血氧饱和度的变化.结果:外周动静脉自动换血前后血清总胆红素分别为530.7±85.6μmol/L、230.8±93.1μmoL/L,换血前后间接胆红素分别为465.3±55.8μmoL/L、220.6±65.2μmol/L,换血后总胆红素、间接胆红素下降率分别为56.5%、52.6%.换血前后胆红素值比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论:外周动静脉同步自动换血法是治疗新生儿高胆红素血症简便易行、节省人力、安全有效的方法.     

3两种换血术治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的效果观察

目的探讨两种换血术在治疗新生儿高胆红素血症中的效果。方法将新生儿高胆红素血症的患儿按就诊的顺序编号，单号为实验组、双号为对照组各50例。两组均选择外周动静脉同步换血术，实验组用改良换血术，对照组用输液泵自动换血术。对两组患儿换血前、中、后血总胆红素值、平均换血时间、换血前、中、后T、HR、BP、R变化、堵管、并发症的发生进行观察。结果两组患儿换血前、中、后血总胆红素值，经t检验，P均〈0．01，对照组换血前、中、后HR经t检验，P％0．05，对照组发生堵管5例，并发症2例。结论改良换血术血液循环系统稳定、安全，操作简便，无并发症，可减轻患儿痛苦及经济负担。     

新生儿重度高胆红素血症换血治疗15例分析

目的探讨新生儿重度高胆红素血症换血疗法的指征、方法及效果。方法对15例重度高胆红素血症新生儿采用外周动静脉同步换血治疗,监测换血前后血清胆红素、血生化、血糖、CRP的变化。结果换血前后血清总胆红素和间接胆红素水平相比有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,换血前后血生化、血糖、CRP指标稳定。结论外周动静脉同步换血治疗是抢救治疗重度新生儿高胆红素血症简便、安全、有效的方法。     

外周动静脉同步换血治疗新生儿高胆红素血症对内环境的影响分析

目的探讨外周血动静脉同步换血疗法在重症新生儿高胆红素血症中的效果评价与安全,以及采用本方法对机体血液内环境的影响。方法 2014年1月至2016年6月32例经外周动静脉同步换血治疗的高胆红素血症新生儿,检测换血术前与术后的血清胆红素水平、血糖、电解质、血常规及凝血功能,并进行分析比较。结果与换血前比较,治疗后的血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素均明显下降;白细胞和血小板减少,血钾降低,血糖有一定程度的升高,换血治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血红蛋白轻微下降,血钙、血钠水平及凝血功能没有明显变化,换血治疗前后比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。结论换血疗法能有效降低新生儿高胆红素血症患儿血清胆红素水平,治疗效果显著,但短时间内可引起新生儿血液内环境的不同程度的变化,术后应密切观察内环境变化,以便及时处理。     

改良同步换血疗法在新生儿高间接胆红素血症中的应用

目的探讨改良同步换血疗法治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症的疗效。方法对 5例新生儿高间接胆红素血症患儿采用外周动静脉同步恒速换血疗法 ,并进行术前、术中、术后的血常规、肝功能、电解质及生命体征监测。结果 5例患儿间接胆红素、总胆红素平均换出率分别为 6 2 .4 9%与 6 2 .12 % ,在换血量达到一半时 ,其胆红素定量下降超过4 0 % ,间接胆红素、总胆红素换血前、换血中、换血后分别两两配对t检验 ,均有显著性差异 (P值均 <0 .0 0 1) ;血常规、血电解质及生命体征监测比较平稳 ,无不良反应 ;5例患儿临床症状明显改善。结论改良同步换血疗法治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症 ,疗效确切 ,安全 ,简便 ,还可提高换血效能。     

换血疗法对高胆红素血症新生儿血液常规和电解质检测结果的影响

目的 探讨换血治疗对高胆红素血症新生儿(NHB)血液常规和电解质检测结果的影响.方法 于换血前及换血后1、24 h对接受换血治疗的26例NHB患儿进行血液常规和电解质检测.结果 换血后1 h WBC、血小板(PLT)、Ca2+水平及换血后24 h PLT、Ca2+水平与换血前检测结果比较差异有统计学意义性(P<0.05).结论 换血治疗可导致新生儿WBC、PLT和Ca2+水平降低.     

应用改良排血器双血泵同步换血术的护理

目的 应用改良后的自制排血器,提高新生儿同步换血的效果。方法 2005年8月-2008年8月收治的20例高未结合胆红素症新生儿,在蓝光治疗和药物治疗的基础上,均行改良双血泵换血术。采用自行设计的排血器,在封闭的通路中进行换血,在排血过程中过滤气泡,使血液经过排血泵时不会因气泡报警而中断换血,保证换血的持续性。结果 患儿临床症状明显减轻。换血后总胆红素水平显著低于换血前,平均时间180min。20例患儿均1次换血成功。结论 应用改良排血器双血泵同步换血术,最大程度地保持了血液的新鲜度,提高了换血治疗的成功率。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.