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心血管疾病与抑郁障碍:共病概念引出的新问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:心理社会因素与医学临床各种疾病的相关性已越来越引起人们的重视。基于这样的现实,近年来有逐渐淡化心身疾病诊断的倾向,代之以从心、身相关的角度来考虑临床疾病问题。心血管疾病与抑郁障碍共病是值得探讨的一个问题。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库2002-01/2004-12关于抑郁障碍与心血管疾病的文章,检索词为:cardiovaseular disease,depression,文章语言限定为英语。同时手工检索万方数据库2002-01/2004-12的相关文章,限定文章语言为中文,检索词为“心血管疾病,抑郁障碍”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择与心血管疾病的心理问题、心身疾病、共病障碍有关的文献,包括对比研究及调查分析类文献,排除重复文献及综述类文献。资料提炼:共收集到40篇文献,符合纳入标准的23篇,排除重复类文献8篇,综述类文章9篇。综合文献研究结果,选择8篇文章作为本文的重要参考数据。资料综合:抑郁与躯体疾病的共病现象十分常见,特别是与许多慢性疾病共病。心血管疾病与抑郁障碍是互为因果的患病关系,女性患者尤其突出。心内科医师在临床诊治中要注意区别共病所导致的临床表现,并注意心血管疾病治疗过程中药物所诱发的情感障碍。结论:心血管疾病与抑郁障碍密切相关,临床诊治过程中应予以充分认识并注意区别,及时恰当的调整诊疗方案,使共病存在患者得到合理的治疗方案和康复干预。 相似文献
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徐桂娟 《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2005,9(11):146-147
目的:介绍血管内皮细胞在剪切力的作用下发生了形态学的变化,可直接影响内皮细胞的生理功能,并与血栓形成等疾病有一定关系。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1993-01/2004-01期间的关于剪切力的相关文章,检索词:“Deformability”和“endothelialcell”,限定文章语种类为英文;检索维普数据库1995-01/2004-01期间剪切力相关文章,检索词“剪切力”、“内皮细胞”和“细胞骨架”,限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:选择剪切力、血管内皮细胞、细胞骨架蛋白血液流变学的相关文献38篇。资料提炼:在38篇文献中,按剪切力与血管内皮细胞相关性研究的新观点进行提炼,对文献进行分类整理,用于综述,其中10篇选用为参考文献。资料综合:剪切力可使血管内皮细胞发生形态学改变。而这种变化影响细胞损伤后的再生。同时剪切力可改变内皮细胞生理功能,激活内皮细胞Ca2+通道、K通道,引起力化学信号转导。+结论:剪切力通过力化学信号转导途径,实现力化学转换,从而调节细胞的生理功能。这一生理功能改变可引起机体某些病理变化,最终导致血栓形成,从生物物理学观点阐明了剪切力与血栓形成的关系。 相似文献
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目的 探讨社区老年人睡眠与记忆障碍的相关性,寻求提高其记忆功能的有效方法.方法 对647例老年人进行记忆功能和睡眠质量测评,用随机数字表选取100例睡眠及记忆障碍者,分为单纯记忆干预和睡眠+记忆干预两组,3个月后对比效果.结果 睡眠障碍发生率38.8%,记忆障碍发生率78.4%.3个月后,单纯记忆训练组记忆训练评分在回忆故事(即刻)等7项评分提高,睡眠+记忆干预组在回忆故事(即刻)等10项评分提高,睡眠质量提高,并有5项较单纯记忆训练组提高,差异有统计学意义.结论 老年人记忆障碍发生率高.记忆训练有效,配合睡眠干预效果更好. 相似文献
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背景:近年研究显示,银杏叶提取物是一种天然的自由基清除剂,可保护机体免受自由基引起的损害,改善脑循环障碍和神经元的功能,而关于银杏叶提取物对认知功能等高级神经功能活动影响的实验或临床研究相对滞后.目的:探讨银杏叶提取物对中枢神经系统高级功能活动的作用,为临床应用银杏叶提取物治疗认知功能障碍提供实验依据.设计:随机对照实验.单位:华中科技大学同济医学院附属精神病医院老年科,华中科技大学同济医学院病理生理教研室,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经内科.材料:实验于2002-06在华中科技大学同济医学院基础部完成.选择Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为5组:正常老龄对照组、模型组、银杏叶提取物75 mg/kg组、银杏叶提取物150 m/kg组,银杏叶提取物500 mg/kg组,每组8只.方法:采用东莨菪碱致老龄大鼠学习记忆障碍的拟老年性痴呆动物模型,其中正常老龄对照组和模型组以相同体积的生理盐水灌胃,银杏叶提取物各组分别按75,150,500 mg/kg银杏叶提取物灌胃,50~400g/次,单次连续给药5 d,于第6天测试水迷宫及避暗试验,测试期间停止灌药,以水迷宫和避暗实验等学习记忆行为训练及生化检测方法,观察用药前后动物学习记忆行为和脑海马区乙酰胆碱及蛋白质含量的变化.主要观察指标:①各组大鼠游迷宫所需时间.②各组大鼠游迷宫错误次数.③各组大鼠避暗试验所需时间及错误次数.④各组大鼠脑海马区乙酰胆碱及蛋白质含量.结果:银杏叶提取物150 mg/kg组中除1只大鼠不明原因死亡外,银杏叶提取物75,500 mg/kg组各有1只大鼠在灌胃时逃走,最终进入结果分析大鼠为37只.①银杏叶提取物各剂量组造模大鼠游迷宫所需时间和途中错误次数均明显少于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),模型组大鼠游迷宫所需时间和途中错误次数明显高于正常老龄对照组(P<0.01).②银杏叶提取物500,150,75 mg/kg组大鼠为达到暗环境被动回避试验内容,学习过程明显短于模型组[(156.78&;#177;25.97),(172.66&;#177;13.56),(198.54&;#177;17.12),(208.34&;#177;28.56)s,P<0.05或P<0.01].模型组学习时间较正常老年对照组显著延长[(208.46&;#177;28.56),(127.46&;#177;11.03)s,P<0.01];银杏叶提取物500,150,75 m/kg组发生电击的错误次数也明显少于模型组[(3.41&;#177;0.26),(6.97&;#177;0.35),(7.23&;#177;0.62),(8.38&;#177;0.92)次,P<0.01],银杏叶提取物500mg/kg组电击次数显著少于150mg/kg组(P<0.01),150mg/kg组明显少于75mg/kg组(P<0.05).③银杏叶提取物500,150,75 mg/kg组造模大鼠海马乙酰胆碱含量明显高于模型组[(421.89&;#177;36.32),(387.45&;#177;32.76),(380.17&;#177;41.25),(36528&;#177;11.42)mg/g,P<0.05或P<0.01],而银杏叶提取物500 mg/kg组的海马乙酰胆碱含量显著高于银杏叶提取物150,75 mg/kg组(P<0.01).另外,与正常老龄对照组比较,东莨菪碱致学习记忆障碍模型组大鼠海马脑区的蛋白质含量显著降低[(41.75&;#177;3.82),(95.13&;#177;6.34)mg/kg,P<0.01],在给予银杏叶提取物后,造模后的实验大鼠海马脑区蛋白质含量虽有所增加,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论:银杏叶提取物呈剂量依赖性显著改善实验动物的学习记忆能力,并显著增加海马脑区乙酰胆碱含量. 相似文献
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女性慢性排尿功能障碍患者抑郁状态的调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨女性慢性排尿功能障碍患者伴发抑郁的特点及影响因素。方法选择2002-02/2004-08解放军第四五二医院收治的慢性排尿功能障碍女性患者,按不同年龄段分成3组:年轻组(14~35岁,n=16),中年组(36~55岁,n=29),老年组(56~72岁,n=22)。应用汉密顿抑郁量表对3组患者抑郁程度进行评定,观察女性慢性排尿功能障碍患者的抑郁状态及抑郁症的检出率,比较不同年龄段中患者抑郁症检出率的差别。结果 各组患者的评定结果均纳入分析。①抑郁症的检出率和严重程度:67例顽固性排尿功能障碍患者汉密顿抑郁量表评分为22.13&;#177;12.01;7例无抑郁,轻、中、重度分别为32,20和8例。顽固性排尿功能障碍患者伴发抑郁的发生率为89.5%。②不同年龄段患者抑郁症检出率的差异:年轻组和中年组均比老年组高,差异有显著性意义(r=8.577,11.137;P=0.003,0.001);年轻组和中年组比较,差异无显著性意义(X^2=0.564,P=0.453)。结论 女性慢性排尿功能障碍患者普遍存在抑郁情绪,中青年患者抑郁的发生率高于老年患者。 相似文献
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闫雪 《世界睡眠医学杂志》2016,(6):326-329
尽管睡眠障碍在精神疾病中非常常见,但它常常被当作精神疾病的二级症状,认为对其主要精神疾病的治疗才是缓解睡眠苦恼的最可行办法。事实上,对创伤后应激障碍而言,采用针对睡眠紊乱的治疗方案后,患者的创伤后应激症状可得到有效缓解。本文将论述创伤后应激障碍对睡眠的影响,及其发生机制和相关治疗问题。 相似文献
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通过复习近10年有关记忆障碍动物模型制作方面献,分别对记忆获得障碍模型、记忆巩固障碍模型、记忆再现障碍模型、混合记忆障碍模型等4个方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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S Emelianova P Mazzotta A Einarson G Koren 《Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale》1999,22(3):106-110
OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy. 相似文献
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心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题。随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快。由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义。 相似文献
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Harold S. Zamansky Roger F. Brightbill 《The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis》2013,61(4):279-290
A form of the Semantic Differential, containing 9 concepts related to hypnosis and research, was administered to 96 hypnotically inexperienced male Ss. The Ss were later asked to volunteer for a hypnotic experiment, and the hypnotic susceptibility of all volunteers (N = 51) was then determined. Semantic Differential responses of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of highly susceptible and unhyp-notizable Ss were compared. Differences between groups, in both comparisons, were generally not statistically significant, a finding which suggests that there is no simple relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of attitudes and volunteering for hypnotic experiments or hypnotizability. 相似文献
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In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination. 相似文献