锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折

背景：锁定接骨板是一种新型的内固定钢板,可以改善肱骨近端骨折的临床治疗效果。目的：探讨锁定接骨板置入内固定治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折疗效以及并发症的发生情况。方法：回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院骨科2008年1月至2009年12月行锁定接骨板内固定治疗31例肱骨近端骨折患者临床资料,其中男13例,女18例;年龄28-81岁,平均56.4岁。骨折类型采用Neer分类,三部分骨折19例,四部分骨折12例。内固定治疗采用胸大肌三角肌间沟入路,行肱骨近端锁定接骨板内固定术。另外,检索锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折并发症的相关研究文献,对并发症的发生情况进行研究分析。综合分析临床病例疗效与检索文献中并发症的发生情况,获得锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折的特点。结果与结论：复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院骨科应用锁定接骨板内固定治疗31例患者均得到13-49个月随访,平均随访19.8个月。骨折均愈合,无内固定失效,临床愈合时间为8-16周。根据Constant评分标准评定肩关节功能,其中优11例,良16例,可3例,差1例。锁定接骨板内固定是治疗肱骨近端三、四部分骨折可靠有效的方法。但也可发生螺钉松动、肱骨头坏死等相关并发症,因此,内固定治疗操作时应注意保护肱骨头血运,复位肱骨颈内侧骨折块并牢固固定,以减少并发症的发生,提高内固定治疗疗效。     

PHILOS锁定加压接骨板与肱骨近端锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

背景:PHILOS锁定加压接骨板和肱骨近端锁定加压接骨板均是国际内固定研究学会根据生物接骨的理念,以及肱骨局部解剖特点和生物力学特性研究设计的新一代接骨板.目的:对比分析PHILOS锁定加压接骨板和肱骨近端锁定加压接骨板手术治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效.方法:49例肱骨近端骨折患者按照植入接骨板的不同随机分成2组,PHILOS组:24例,三部分骨折13例,四部分骨折11例,采用PHILOS锁定加压接骨板内固定;LPHP组:25例,三部分骨折15例,四部分骨折10例,采用肱骨近端锁定加压接骨板内固定.两组均经胸大肌三角肌入路,用Neer肩关节功能评分标准行术后患肩功能评分,对两组疗效行统计学比较.结果与结论:PHILOS组22例、LPHP组23例获得随访,平均随访(15.6±4.8)个月.3个月内显示骨折愈合PHILOS组16例、LPHP组18例;6个月内显示骨折愈合PHILOS组21例、LPHP组21例;1年内均全部达骨性愈合.按Neer功能评分标准,患侧肩关节功能:PHILOS组优9例、满意11例,优良率达91%;LPHP组优10例、满意11例,优良率达91%.提示PHILOS锁定加压接骨板和肱骨近端锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端均具有固定牢靠、并发症少、满意率高等优点,是较好的治疗肱骨近端骨折的内置物,但若合并肱骨干骨折PHILOS锁定加压接骨板疗效可能更满意.     

两种锁定钢板置入内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

背景：肱骨近端内固定锁定系统（proximal humeral internal locking system,PHILOS）和肱骨近端锁定钢板（locking proximal humerus plate,LPHP）均作为内固定锁定钢板,用于治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效显著,但目前尚不能肯定PHILOS和LPHP治疗老年肱骨近端骨折哪个更具优势？目的：探讨比较PHILOS和 LPHP这两种锁定板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效。方法：回顾性分析具有完整随访资料的61例老年肱骨近端骨折患者,根据不同治疗方法分为 LPHP 治疗组（n=27）和PHILOS治疗组（n=34）。均根据Neer分类,LPHP组二部分骨折7例,三部分骨折11例,四部分骨折9例;PHILOS组二部分骨折9例,三部分骨折14例,四部分骨折11例。记录手术时间、出血量、引流量,观察骨折愈合时间、功能恢复、并发症,并进行统计学分析。结果与结论：61例患者全部获得随访,随访时间12-36个月（平均20.6个月）,PHILOS组和LPHP组手术时间、出血量、引流量,观察骨折愈合时间、功能恢复、并发症比较,差异并无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。PHILOS和LPHP治疗老年肱骨近端骨折均可获得良好的效果,随访1年时优良率分别为81.5%,82.4%;具有固定可靠、并发症少、满意率高等优点,两种锁定板目前具有较高的临床应用价值,是治疗移位和不稳定老年肱骨近端骨折有效的切开复位内置物。     

锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折28例分析

目的探讨锁定加压接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法对漯河市医专二附院2009-01-2010-12采用锁定加压接骨板切开复位内固定治疗的肱骨近端骨折28例进行回顾性分析。结果优21例,良5例,可2例,优良率92.9%。术后未见骨折再移位、无切口感染、骨折不愈合以及肱骨头坏死、肩关节撞击症等并发症发生。结论肱骨近端骨折应用锁定加压接骨板治疗固定牢靠,可早期进行功能锻炼,肩关节功能恢复良好,值得推广应用。     

锁定接骨板内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨锁定接骨板内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效。方法:分析2007年1月—2011年12月在江苏大学附属金坛医院骨科接受锁定接骨板内固定治疗的37例肱骨外科颈骨折患者的临床资料。37例患者中男性20例,女性17例;年龄24～78岁,平均(40.7±15.8)岁。结果:本组患者随访时间为9～52个月,平均(24.6±11.3)个月;按Neer百分制评分标准,本组患者总优良率为89.2%。结论:锁定接骨板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折,具有固定可靠、骨折愈合率高等优点,且患者可在术后早期即行康复锻炼,有利于肩关节功能的恢复。     

锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效观察

目的观察应用肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法收集我院2004年1月至2007年1月收治的肱骨近端骨折患者17例,骨折按Neer分类Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型4例,Ⅴ型2例,Ⅵ型2例,所有病例均采用肱骨近端锁定接骨板内固定治疗。结果所有病例均获随访,按照Neer评分标准评定,优9例,良6例,可1例,差1例,优良率88.2%。结论对肱骨近端骨折,特别是粉碎性骨折或伴有骨质疏松者,采用肱骨近端锁定接骨板内固定是一种较好的方法。     

经皮钢板与解剖锁定钢板置入内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

背景：对于肱骨近端骨折或者严重并发症的患者,需要通过内固定物置入达到有效的固定,这样不会影响到肩关节的活动功能,而且创伤小。目的：探讨经皮钢板内固定联合解剖锁定钢板置入内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的生物力学特征。方法：选取广州医科大学附属第三医院骨科2007年3月至2011年12月收治的肱骨近端骨折患者75例,观察锁定钢板治疗后的愈合以及内固定后肩关节评分。分析锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在生物力学方面的优势。结果与结论：①75例患者治疗后均获得随访,随访时间6-24个月,平均13.3个月。②治疗后X射线片显示所有螺钉位置良好,骨折复位满意,骨折均得到了愈合,未发生神经血管损伤以及肱骨头坏死的病例,其中1例出现感染经治疗痊愈,72例无肩痛,3例偶有肩痛。③Neer评分优57例,良11例,中7例,差0例,优良率为90.7%。与其它内固定物比较,锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的固定强度大,疗效满意,已成为临床治疗肱骨近端骨折的首选。     

锁定肱骨近端接骨板治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折

目的研究采用有限切开复位技术和锁定肱骨近端接骨板（LPHP）内固定治疗复杂性肱骨近端骨折的临床治疗效果。方法 2004年1月至2007年6月收治20例3、4部分肱骨近端骨折患者,所有骨折均采用切开囊内复位技术进行治疗,采用Neer骨折分类及评分标准进行手术疗效的评价。结果 20例均得到随访,随访时间3~23个月,平均时间13个月,骨折都顺利愈合,愈合时间3~5个月,按Neer肩关节功能评分,优10例,良8例,优良率90.0%,未发现肱骨头缺血性坏死病例。结论采用切开囊内复位技术和LPHP锁定肱骨近端接骨板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折可减轻对肱骨头血运的影响,提高骨折复位的有效性和固定的稳定性。     

股骨近端锁定接骨板治疗股骨转子间骨折28例分析

目的：探讨应用股骨近端锁定接骨板内固定治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2007-01/2009-06应用股骨近端锁定接骨板固定治疗28例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者,采用切开直视下牵引骨折复位,保持正常颈干角,选择合适长度的股骨近端锁定接骨板固定骨折部。结果：骨折处均愈合,无切口感染、退钉、髋内翻畸形发生。黄公怡疗效标准评定：优良率92%。结论：股骨近端锁定接骨板治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折临床效果肯定满意,术后并发症少。     

肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折43例疗效

目的探讨应用肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折的方法和疗效。方法对43例肱骨近端粉碎性骨折患者应用肱骨近端锁定接骨板(LPHP)治疗。取三角肌和胸大肌之间隙入路,将骨折块复位后,将LPHP置于结节间沟外侧固定。检查关节固定牢靠以及关节面无卡压后缝合关节囊及肩袖。术后注意功能锻炼。结果 43例患者均获3～12个月随访,平均7.5个月,骨折均愈合良好,未发生切口感染、关节内螺钉穿孔、神经血管损伤、肱骨头坏死及内固定松动等并发症。按Neer评分标准,优29例,良11例,可2例,差1例,优良率为93.0%。结论应用LPHP治疗肱骨近端骨折应掌握肱骨近端的解剖特点,运用正确的手术技术,配合合理的术后康复治疗。LPHP是目前治疗肱骨近端骨折较理想的内固定术。     

Healing ourselves, healing others: second in a 3-part series

Although not used in most nursing texts and journals, the term "nurse healer" is common in holistic nursing literature. Nurses who identify themselves as healers have tapped into a source of strength and confidence that adds creativity and vitality to their nursing work. In this qualitative study, the researcher asks 11 relatively "holistically na?ve" medical-surgical nurses if they would label themselves as healers. Their responses reveal an inherent understanding of the multidimensionality of the healing process and the importance of relationships and therapeutic presence to the healing role.     

Theoretical applications of smoking cessation interventions to individuals with medical conditions: women's initiative for nonsmoking (WINS)-part III.

This paper reviews the Theory of Self-Efficacy, Transtheoretical Model of Readiness for Change, and Theory of Addictions to provide a basis for smoking cessation, and explores how these theories have been used to guide clinical research and clinical interventions. Selected randomized controlled trials of the past ten years are reviewed for demonstrated efficacy, integration of theory into the design of the interventions, and how theories guide analysis. Results show that surprisingly little effort has been put forth to examine and develop these theories within the context of clinical interventions, despite the claims of importance. For example, the relationship between stages of readiness of change and smoking cessation outcome has not been examined. Despite the complexity of smoking behaviors (quitting, relapsing, maintaining, occasional smoking and so on), the concept of self-efficacy was mostly measured on single occasions over the course of most studies reviewed; multiple measurements of concepts were not utilized in the randomized controlled trials. Taking into account the gaps between theory and application, theory driven nursing strategies are offered.     

Angiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of colorectal cancer Part 3 of a 3-part series: targeting VEGF--current and future research directions

Treatment options for advanced colorectal have improved substantially in recent years as a number of agents have been developed that have different targets and mechanisms of action. Significant improvements in outcomes have been observed by combining multiple chemotherapeutic agents instead of the single-agent approach. Some debate still remains regarding which combination is most effective and in what order regimens should be given. In addition to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, targeted biologic agents have been developed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, which may hamper the viability of the tumor. There may also be a synergistic effect between antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy. Regulation of tumor angiogenesis may actually improve blood flow throughout the tumor, which could enhance delivery of chemotherapy through the circulation. One antiangiogenic agent currently approved for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, a ligand known to be important for angiogenesis. The other currently approved biologic agent, cetuximab, targets the epidermal growth factor receptor. The combination of bevacizumab plus cetuximab has a biologic rationale. Randomized trials incorporating combination chemotherapy regimens plus both bevacizumab and cetuximab are currently underway, as are preliminary studies withnovel angiogenesis inhibitors.