飞行人员紧张性头痛经颅多普勒分析

目的探讨飞行人员紧张性头痛(tension type headache,TTH)经颅多普勒(transcranial doppler,TCD)检查的血流动力学特点。方法对89例飞行人员TTH患者做TCD检测,观察分析大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)收缩峰血流速度(Vs)和舒张峰血流速度(Vd),同时选择90例正常人作为对照组。结果飞行人员TTH患者有先兆偏头痛(MWA)头痛侧和非头痛侧ACA、MCA、PCA的收缩峰血流速度(Vs)和舒张峰血流速度(Vd)与对照组相比,基本上呈现非同步性同向增高或降低,无先兆偏头痛(MWO)亦是如此。发作期痛侧ACA、MCA、PCA与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。MWA与MWO比较,MWA患者ACA、PCA的Vs和Vd差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。发作期与间歇期比较,发作期ACA、MCA、PCA的Vs和Vd差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。结论 TCD检测对飞行人员TTH的诊断及治疗具有重要的参考价值。     

湖北恩施土家族地区偏头痛患者经颅多普勒分析

目的:探讨湖北恩施土家族地区偏头痛患者的脑血流动力学特点。方法:选取恩施土家族地区土家族偏头痛患者200例,收集患者临床资料,并通过经颅多普勒(TCD)检测双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)及椎动脉(VA)的血流速度,并与常模进行比较。结果:恩施土家族偏头痛患者以女性患者(男:女=1:2.45)、青壮年(40岁患者占52.5%)发病为多,血流速度增快患者173例(86.5%),MCA、ACA及PCA、VA的血流速度较同年龄段常模比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),与报道的汉族患者情况基本一致。结论:恩施土家族偏头痛患者的血流动力学特点与汉族人群基本一致。     

偏头痛经颅多普勒超声与瞬目反射检查

目的探讨偏头痛血管舒缩功能障碍和神经功能障碍的关系。方法对42例偏头痛发作期和32例间歇期患者进行经颅多普勒超声(TCD)和瞬目反射(BR)检测。结果偏头痛发作期和间歇期大脑中动脉(MCA),大脑前动脉(ACA),大脑后动脉(PCA)及椎基底动脉(VA、BA)的平均血流速度(Vm)明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),发作期的ACA、BA、VA的Vm明显高于间歇期(P<0.05);两期Vm异常率比较具有显著差异(P<0.05)。BR检测提示脑干功能障碍和三叉神经传入通路、面神经传出通路功能障碍,发作期34例(81%),间歇期24例(75%),两期异常率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论偏头痛患者存在着脑干和以三叉神经为主的神经功能障碍,这很可能是造成血管舒缩功能障碍引起偏头痛发作的原因。     

西比灵治疗儿童偏头痛频繁发作的脑血流状态研究

目的:探讨西比灵治疗儿童偏头痛频繁发作的脑血流状态变化及临床意义.方法:应用经颅多普勒超声技术(TCD)研究50例儿童偏头痛频繁发作患儿服药前及服药2周后脑血流改变及头痛发作变化情况.结果:(1)30例一侧偏头痛患儿服药前头痛侧与非头痛侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)的收缩期峰值流速(Vs)有显著性差异(P＜0.01),服药2周后双侧MCA、ACA的Vs无明显差异(P＞0.05),非头痛侧服药前与服药2周后Vs无显著性差异(P＞0.05);(2)20例双侧偏头痛患儿服药前与服药2周后的Vs有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:西比灵能明显改善偏头痛患儿的脑血流指标,可减少偏头痛的发作次数和头痛程度.     

偏头痛患者脑血管血流动力学异常研究

目的本研究拟探讨偏头痛患者是否存在脑血管血流动力学异常。方法运用经颅多普勒脑血管超声（TCD）仪检查了偏头痛患者528例,健康对照组194例,所有患者均进行双侧大脑中动脉（MCA）、双侧颈内动脉终末段（TICA）、双侧大脑前动脉（ACA）、双侧大脑后动脉（PCA）、双侧椎动脉（VA）和基底动脉（BA）的检测。结果发现偏头痛组的TCD检测异常率与健康对照者的TCD检测异常率比较,两组差异无统计学意义;有先兆偏头痛组的TCD检测异常率（18.6%）比无先兆偏头痛组的TCD检测异常率（8.2%）明显增加,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.48,P〈0.05）;偏头痛合并紧张性头痛组的TCD检测异常率（53.2%）比单纯性偏头痛组的TCD检测异常率（12.6%）明显增加,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=51.5,P〈0.01）。结论部分偏头痛患者确实存在脑血管血流动力学的异常,它们可能影响着偏头痛患者的先兆发生和疾病预后。     

彩色多普勒超声检测双侧颈内动脉闭塞患者侧支循环及血流动力学

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检测双侧颈内动脉闭塞患者颅内动脉侧支循环代偿途径及血流动力学状况的价值.方法 对7例双侧颈内动脉闭塞患者(患者组)和对照组7名健康成人,应用彩色多普勒超声检测双侧眼动脉(OA)及颅内动脉,分别根据患者OA反向血流及大脑后动脉(PCA)P1段峰值血流速度(Vs)大于对照组((-x)+2s)来判断OA、Willis环后交通动脉侧支循环代偿途径,并比较患者组与对照组大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)的平均血流速度(Vm).结果 7例患者均存在双侧OA反向血流,双侧椎动脉、基底动脉Vm明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05);4例左侧PCA P1段和3例右侧PCA P1段Vs大干对照组;MCA、ACA Vm较对照组明显降低(P均＜0.05).结论 双侧ICA闭塞患者存在OA及后交通动脉两种侧支循环代偿途径,但其颅内动脉仍供血不足.彩色多普勒超声能实时评价颅内动脉侧支循环血供和血流动力学变化.     

经颅多普勒对高原地区人群脑血管血流速度的观察

目的探讨高原低氧对脑血管血流动力学的影响。方法对居住海拔2300m(西宁地区)及3000m(青藏高原)5年以上健康青壮年(各180例)行经颅多普勒(TCD)检测,并与内地平原地区同龄健康男性的TCD参数进行比较。结果 3组血流动力学指标比较,Vs、Vd均存在统计学差异(P均<0.01);两两比较:海拔3000m地区人群的大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)的收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)和舒张末期血流速度(Vd)均低于平原地区及2300m地区人群;海拔2300m地区人群的MCA、ACA、PCA、VA和BA的Vs均低于平原地区人群,MCA、ACA、PCA、VA的Vd亦低于平原地区(P均<0.05)。结论高原地区健康青壮年脑血管血流速度偏低,并与海拔高度明显相关,海拔越高,脑血流速度越低。     

桃红四物汤对偏头痛患者脑血流动力学变化的影响

目的:探讨桃红四物汤对偏头痛的作用机理。方法:运用桃红四物汤对20例偏头痛患者进行治疗,并于治疗前后用经颅多普勒(TCD)对大脑中动脉(MCA)及大脑前动脉(ACA)的血流速度进行检测,并对治疗前后结果进行分析。结果:治疗后患者测MCA及ACA血流速度有明显改善(P <0.05)。结论:桃红四物汤对偏头痛脑血流动力学具有明显改善作用。     

氦-氖激光血管内照射治疗脑梗死及血脂血流检测

目的观察氦-氖(He-Ne)激光血管内照射(ILIB)对脑梗死的疗效及血脂、经颅多普勒(TCD)血流检测。方法将71例脑梗死患者随机分为ILIB组(36例)和对照组(35例),比较两组治疗20次前后的疗效及血脂参数变化,并对两组23例大脑中动脉区梗死者治疗前后进行TCD检测,比较大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)及大脑前动脉(ACA)的平均血流速度(Vm)。结果ILIB组治愈显效率为75%,对照组为51%,总有效率分别为97%和80%(χ2=4.602,P<0.05)。血脂中总胆固醇(CHO)和载脂蛋白B(APOB)参数两组对比及治疗前后对比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。TCD检测显示ILIB组治疗后MCA的Vm增加,ACA的Vm减慢。结论ILIB治疗脑梗死有较高疗效,能改善血脂及血流检测参数。     

经颅多普勒对偏头痛的诊断价值

本文对我科1994年以来116例偏头痛患者的TCD检查结果进行分析,现报道如下。 资料与方法 116例偏头痛患者均为我院门诊或住院病人,其中男38例,女78例,男:女=1:3,年龄9～68岁,平均35岁。临床症状为发作性头痛,经体检及神经系统检查无阳性体征。 应用仪器为以色列TR-9900型TCD仪,探头频率为2MHz,病人取坐位探查双侧椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA),取仰卧位探查双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)和大脑后动脉(PCA),观测上述     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.