基于电磁感应原理的两自由度直线旋转电机研究综述

塔中沙漠地区地表广泛分布的条带状沙丘,对地震资料采集品质产生了很大的影响。区内各种类型沙丘产生的各类干扰在一定程度上影响了地震资料的信噪比。针对塔中沙漠低信噪比地震资料开展了地表一致性全三维振幅保真处理,主要包括 折射波层析反演静校正技术、系列去噪技术、稳健地表一致性反褶积、加权最小平方拉冬变换压制多次波等技术。处理研究应用结果改善了该区的地震资料品质和成像效果,为提高塔中沙漠低信噪比地震资料储层预测精度和烃类检测可靠性提供有力支撑。     

井控Q补偿在哈拉哈塘三维地震拓频处理中的应用

哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系油气勘探目的层埋深大,构造复杂,储层非均质性差。针对这一问题,利用能同时进行振幅校正和相位畸变校正的井控Q补偿方法对该区的三维地震资料进行了提高分辨率处理。该方法是地震资料处理中提高分辨率的重要方法,利用哈拉哈塘地区的VSP资料提取地层的Q值,在获得的Q值附近进行扫描,将不同Q补偿的偏移剖面与井资料进行匹配分析,最终获得精确的Q值。该方法有效地补偿了地震资料的中频、高频成分,拓宽了地震信号的频带宽度,提高了地震剖面的分辨率,改善了地震资料的质量。     

多信息融合低频建模技术在东河塘速度反演中应用

特殊岩性体(火成岩、膏盐岩)空间变化剧烈。常规解决方法是通过波阻抗速度速度反演(即SEISLOG、G-LOG、VELOG)求取特殊岩性体速度,波阻抗速度反演首先将地震数据转化为相对声波阻抗,相对阻抗中缺失的低频成分通过低频模型得到补偿进而计算出绝对阻抗,消除密度影响后得到特殊岩性体层速度。多数学者都将波阻抗反演的重点放在优化求解反演方法上,主要针低频模型对速度反演结果的影响,提出通过井、地质层位、地震速度多信息联合构建低频模型,从而提高反演精度。     

基于数学形态学的功能磁共振信号漂移校正方法

目的 探讨基于数学形态学的功能磁共振信号漂移校正新方法.方法 根据fMRI信号漂移成分的形态特征,采用基于数学形态学的方法校正fMRI信号的基线漂移.结果 应用模拟数据和真实数据测试表明,数学形态学方法能够有效地校正fMRI信号的基线漂移.结论 本研究提出的方法能够同时校正线性和非线性漂移,而不需要任何统计学模型假设.     

结合峰值检测的前列腺磁共振成像偏移场平滑拟合

目的研究前列腺磁共振图像中灰度不均匀现象(偏场)的校正方法。材料与方法从几组前列腺磁共振扫描数据中截取的横断面图像。将真实图像的分段常量特性与偏移场的平滑变化特性表达到图像模型中,构造一个能量函数,通过能量函数的最小化实现偏移场评估和组织分割。利用峰值检测技术自动获得能量函数的初始化参数,并用结合三角函数与多项式函数的一组基函数实现对偏移场的平滑拟合。结果定性的实验表明笔者的方法能对前列腺磁共振图像中的偏场现象进行有效的校正。另外通过与其他方法在变化系数、均方根、Jaccard相似度等指标下的定量对比发现,笔者的方法有更好的校正结果。结论结合峰值检测的偏移场校正方法能对前列腺磁共振图像中的灰度不均匀现象有效改善。     

基于脑梗死大鼠MR图像熵的偏差场拟合方法

背景:目前随着高场强MR设备的不断出现,由于受RF线圈等因素的影响,伪影成为MR图像不可避免的问题.在MR图像上呈现出无规律的、缓慢的灰度密度变化,相当于在增益场上叠加了一个偏差场.这不仅降低了MR图像的质量也严重干扰了数字图像分割和量化处理等方法的运用.目的:提出一种以图像数据为基础并基于熵的复杂信号偏差场的修正方法.方法:根据大鼠脑立体定位图谱,对脑梗死电凝模型大鼠进行冠状位MRI检查.采用GE Signa 1.5T磁共振扫描仪,3inch 表面线圈.层厚6 mm,间隔1 mm(3D T2WI采用层厚2 mm,间隔O.5 mm).该方法是校正场寻优的过程,优化过程以二维信息熵作为尺度.算法的目的是利用最优校正场,使带有偏差的MR图像去偏差,复原真实图像.结果与结论:实验以真实和模拟数据对该方法进行实验,与传统方法相比,经该方法去偏差场后,其各组织在直方图中的分布和对比更加明显,更易于进行组织分割和组织提取.通过计算机时间比较,文章提出的方法在低密度Delaunay三角剖分下,比传统同态滤波方法省时;但在高密度Delaunay三角剖分下,比传统方法费时.     

汶川大地震挤压伤伤员伤情特点及干预措施

目的调查总结地震所致挤压伤伤员的伤情特点及康复需求。方法对汶川地震挤压伤伤员进行随访,收集病例资料,确定及实施伤员的康复治疗方案。结果纳入伤员117例,所有伤员进行了详细的资料收集,其中14例进行了手术治疗,103例进行了非手术康复治疗。结论伤员伤情复杂,截肢率高,治疗时间长,部位多,病情易反复,且多伴有心理疾患,急需接受包括手术和心理干预在内的综合性康复治疗措施。     

塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带的发现及其油气勘探意义

塔里木盆地震旦系—寒武系发育规模礁滩型白云岩,但对其特征与分布研究十分薄弱。通过野外剖面观察、单井资料分析、地震资料刻画,首次落实柯坪—塔北西部存在下寒武统台缘带,命名为北部台缘带,该台缘带呈北东走向,长约330km,宽约7km。野外露头资料显示,下寒武统北部台缘带发育两期微生物礁,岩性以针孔状白云岩为主,溶蚀孔洞发育;地震剖面上,可见丘状前积反射特征。北部台缘带具有优质的生储盖组合配置,位于长期继承性发育的古隆起之上,具备形成大油气田的有利条件。北部台缘带的发现为该区下古生界白云岩的区带评价及目标优选指明了方向。     

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩沉积相研究及其油气勘探意义

塔里木盆地多区块、多层系含油气,油气资源十分丰富;下寒武统烃源岩是塔里木盆地非常重要的烃源岩,然而其分布研究十分薄弱,严重制约着有利勘探区带的选择。通过野外露头、钻孔资料与地震资料的综合研究,发现塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组沉积模式主要为缓坡模式,烃源岩主要发育在中下缓坡与深水陆棚相带。建立在资料点分析、地震剖面追踪基础上,识别出下寒武统烃源岩两个分布中心,其一位于北部坳陷内,其二位于塔西南坳陷的南缘呈北西向条带展布。关于烃源岩的分布与已发现油气田或油气藏的平面分布吻合,为回答主力烃源岩问题提供了支撑性证据;结合继承性古隆起的分布,指明了满西低凸起、巴东地区与塔西南坳陷内烃源岩分布区是下一步原生油气藏勘探的有利区带。     

静点硝酸甘油治疗老年人心衰疗效观察

我们对老年心衰经综合治疗,病情不能缓解者20例,加用静点硝酸甘油治疗效果良好,报道如下: 1 临床资料 男13例,女7例,年龄63～77岁。冠心病10例,高心病6例,高心病并冠心病4例。在应用静点硝酸甘油之前,均为口服硝酸酯类、钙拮抗剂、强心、利尿等综合治疗基础上,临床症状和体征无改善者。收缩压≤12kPa除外。应用过程监测血压、脉搏和心电图。 2 治疗方法 在综合治疗基础上加用硝酸甘油5mg于10％葡萄糖液500ml静点。每日一次,5～7天为一疗程。 3 疗效评定标准     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."