244例学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的调查

[目的]了解学龄前儿童饮食行为问题,为早期干预提供科学依据。[方法]自行设计调查问卷对因饮食行为问题来我院门诊就诊的244例学龄前儿童进行调查,并分析不同人口学特征对儿童饮食行为问题的影响。[结果]244例儿童中101例发生1种饮食行为,86例发生2种饮食行为,83例发生3种饮食行为,71例发生4种饮食行为,无5种和6种饮食行为的儿童。不同居住地在不良习惯方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同居住状况、抚养人、抚养人文化程度、家庭月收入在儿童胃口差、食物偏好、不良习惯、父母过度关心、害怕进食方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]不良习惯、胃口差、食物偏好、父母过度关心、害怕进食是学龄前儿童主要的饮食行为问题,对不良的饮食行为应采取有针对性的干预措施。     

太原市120名儿童饮食行为问题调查研究

[目的]对太原市120名儿童的饮食行为问题进行调查,旨在为早期干预提供依据。[方法]采用IMFeD工具对120名儿童的主要看护人进行调查,并观察主要看护人对儿童饮食行为问题的影响。[结果]儿童以胃口差、不良进食习惯、对某种食物特别偏好和父母过度关心4种饮食行为问题较常见,主要看护人与儿童的关系及其文化程度对儿童饮食行为问题有影响。[结论]儿童饮食行为问题较为普遍,可根据IMFeD工具提供的健康处方进行干预。     

家庭饮食环境对儿童饮食行为的影响

综述了国外关于家庭饮食环境对儿童饮食行为影响的研究现状,分类具体阐述家庭饮食环境的影响作用,为国内开展家庭饮食环境和儿童饮食行为问题的干预研究提供参考。     

家庭饮食环境对儿童饮食行为的影响

综述了国外关于家庭饮食环境对儿童饮食行为影响的研究现状,分类具体阐述家庭饮食环境的影响作用,为国内开展家庭饮食环境和儿童饮食行为问题的干预研究提供参考。     

儿童饮食行为评估工具的研究进展

通过饮食行为评估有助于医护人员发现儿童不良饮食行为,并制订针对性的干预措施,以预防肥胖、营养不良等问题。该文回顾了国内外常见的儿童饮食行为评估工具,对评估工具的内容、特点、应用情况等进行综述,以期为儿童饮食行为评估工具的应用、开发提供参考依据。     

240名学龄前儿童饮食行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生情况,分析其相关家庭因素,为预防和干预措施的制定提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2018年1月—2019年7月在空军军医大学第二附属医院儿童保健中心进行健康体检的240名学龄前儿童为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问题诊断及管理评估问卷、学龄前儿童家庭养育环境量表、儿童喂养问卷对其进行调查。采用二分类Logistic回归分析探讨学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的影响因素。结果 本组学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率为64.6%;二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示：平均每日活动时间>1 h（OR=0.915,P=0.016）、高活动多样性/游戏参与评分（OR=0.966,P=0.006）、高环境气氛评分（OR=0.941,P=0.013）是学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的保护因素;照护者为（外）祖父母（OR=1.122,P<0.001）、高限制饮食评分（OR=3.787,P=0.046）、高逼迫进食评分（OR=2.615,P=0.029）、高忽视/干预/惩罚评分（OR=12.912,P=0.001）,是学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的危险因素。结论 学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生率较高,平均每日活动时间>1 h、儿童照护者为父母、低限制饮食评分、低逼迫进食评分、低忽视/干预/惩罚评分、高活动多样性/游戏参与评分、高环境气氛评分的学龄前儿童更不容易发生饮食行为问题。照护者应遵循生长发育规律,培养儿童科学健康的饮食行为习惯,充分发挥儿童自身对饱腹感和饥饿感的感知和调控能力,多鼓励儿童进行户外活动,同时营造轻松愉悦的家庭氛围,减少饮食行为问题的发生。     

儿童家庭饮食环境评估和干预

<正>儿童家庭饮食环境(family dietary environment)是指儿童家庭中影响和塑造儿童饮食行为的各种因素[1],其对儿童饮食行为的形成、体格发展的近期和远期影响均得到了广泛的证实。通过正确科学的评估,早期发现儿童家庭饮食环境中的问题,及时采取干预措施,能将家庭中影响和塑造儿童饮食行为的各种负     

莆田市学龄前儿童睡眠习惯对饮食行为影响的分层分析

目的:探索莆田市学龄前儿童睡眠习惯对饮食行为的影响,运用分层分析肥胖对结果的影响。方法:2019年3—6月期间,整群抽样选取639名莆田市学龄前儿童,采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)、儿童饮食行为问题诊断,及管理评估问卷(IMFeD)和自制问卷进行调查。结果:学龄前儿童的CSHQ总分为(45.28±8.27)分,睡眠习惯问题检出率50.55%,饮食行为问题检出率为59.62%。Logistic回归显示:问题睡眠(OR=1.490,95%CI为1.076～2.065)、肥胖(OR=2.012,95%CI为1.266～3.209)、早产(OR=2.013,95%CI为1.078～3.757)、三餐主要照顾者为(外)祖父母(OR=1.661,95%CI为1.203～2.295)是学龄前儿童问题饮食行为的影响因素。分层分析显示,无肥胖学龄前儿童中,问题睡眠组儿童的胃口差、害怕进食比例高于正常睡眠组(χ~2=4.627,12.154,P=0.031,0.000);肥胖学龄前儿童中,问题睡眠组儿童的胃口差比例高于正常睡眠组(χ~2=4.892,P=0.027)。结论:莆田市学龄前儿童问题睡眠习惯和问题饮食行为发生率较高,问题睡眠习惯会导致胃口差和害怕进食等问题饮食行为,应采取针对性措施改善睡眠习惯和饮食行为。     

儿童保健门诊干预对儿童饮食行为问题的提升影响

目的:分析儿童保健门诊干预对儿童饮食行为问题的提升效果.方法:选取在笔者所在卫生院就诊的120例存在饮食行为问题的儿童,根据儿童的四种不良饮食行为评分进行分组,分为对照组60例和观察组60例,对照组实施常规喂养指导,观察组实施综合性儿童保健,对比两组的改善情况.结果:干预前,两组的调查评分结果相比,差异不存在显著性(P＞0.05);干预后,对照组、观察组的调查评分均较干预前出现改善,两组间比较,观察组优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:针对儿童饮食行为不良的儿童实施综合儿童保健门诊干预,能够有效改善儿童饮食行为,具有显著的提升效果,值得临床推广.     

营养健康教育扑克牌模式对改善单纯性肥胖儿童营养认知水平的效果观察

目的观察营养健康教育扑克牌模式与传统教育模式对改善单纯性肥胖儿童营养认知水平的影响。方法于2015年1月至2016年6月选取我院管辖下的某社区单纯性肥胖儿童180例,并采用随机数字法等分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用营养健康教育扑克牌模式干预;对照组采用传统教育模式干预,对比两组儿童的不同营养认知水平。结果干预前,两组儿童的营养知识、饮食态度、饮食行为得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,观察组儿童的营养知识、饮食态度、饮食行为得分均高于对照组(P0.05)。干预前,两组儿童的饮食行为比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,两组患者的饮食行为明显改善(P0.05),且观察组儿童饮食行为改善程度优于对照组(P0.05)。结论对单纯性肥胖儿童应用营养健康教育扑克牌模式干预,能够提高儿童的营养认知水平,改善儿童的饮食态度及饮食行为。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.