不孕不育家庭男方精液质量调查分析

目的观察分析不孕不育家庭男方精液检查结果,了解长沙地区不孕不育家庭男方精液质量状况。方法选取2015年1月至2018年12月长沙市妇幼保健院爱心助孕义诊下乡活动中不孕不育家庭前来就诊的182例男性作为不育组,选取同期在该院行体外受精-胚胎移植术(IVF)的445例男性作为IVF组,另选取同期孕前检查结果均正常已正常生育的272例男性作为正常组,统计分析各组精液参数。结果 3组间进行两两比较,不育组年龄、精液pH值、精液液化时间、精子浓度、精子总数、精子总活力、精子前向运动百分率和精子畸形率与IVF组结果相近,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不育组精液量低于IVF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不育组精液量、精子浓度、精子总数、精子总活力和精子前向运动百分率均低于正常组,精子畸形率高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常组精液量、精子浓度、精子总数、精子总活力和精子前向运动百分率均明显高于IVF组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不育组男性年龄和精液参数与IVF组相近,且两组年龄均大于正常组,两组精液参数明显劣于正常组,精子质量异常是不孕不育家庭男性不育的主要原因。     

精子形态、DNA碎片指数和精浆锌对体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的分析精子形态、DNA碎片指数(DFI)和精浆锌对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2015年6月至2019年2月于我院生殖中心行IVF-ET治疗的278例夫妇为研究对象,依据临床妊娠结局将其分为妊娠组(92例)与未妊娠组(186例)。比较两组的一般资料、精液参数及DFI。结果两组的年龄、不育年限、BMI、获卵数、避孕时间、鲜胚移植周期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。妊娠组IVF、ICSI周期的精子浓度、前向活动力、精浆锌水平均高于未妊娠组,DFI低于未妊娠组;妊娠组ICSI周期的精子畸形率低于未妊娠组(P<0.05)。结论精子形态、DFI及精浆锌对IVF-ET妊娠结局有明显影响,且DFI可影响精子前向运动,导致精子畸形,影响早期胚胎发育。     

精子DNA碎片率和高DNA可染性对体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨精子DNA碎片率(DNA Fragmentation Index,DFI)和高DNA可染性(High DNA Stainability,HDS)对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响。方法 回顾性分析接受IVF-ET治疗的590个周期的临床资料,根据男方精子DFI和HDS值将患者分为4组:A1组(DFI25%,HDS15%)224例、A2组(DFI25%,HDS≥15%)62例、B1组(DFI≥25%,HDS15%)260例、B2组(DFI≥25%,HDS≥15%)44例,比较各组精液常规质量、精子畸形率和妊娠率等。结果 在IVF周期中,精子DFI和HDS对精子浓度、活动率、前向运动率、畸形率和临床妊娠率有显著性差异(P0.05),对精液量无影响(P0.05)。如以DFI数据分组,精液DFI对精子浓度、活动率、前向运动率有显著性差异(P0.05),对精液量、精子畸形率和临床妊娠率无影响(P0.05)。结论 精子DFI值和妊娠结局没有相关性,同时分析精子DNA碎片率和高DNA可染性在评估男性生育能力及预测妊娠结局更有价值。     

精液参数评估男性因素不孕者夫精宫腔内人工授精临床妊娠结局的可能性

目的确定优化处理前后各精液参数与男性因素不孕者的宫腔内人工授精(IUI)临床妊娠率的关系。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年12月在该院诊断为男性精液异常的不孕夫妇所进行的128个IUI周期,统计妊娠组(16个周期)和非妊娠组(112个周期)的各精液参数,探讨优化处理前后精液参数和人工授精临床妊娠率之间的关系。结果总周期临床妊娠率为12.5%;妊娠组和非妊娠组的各精液参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,精液常规各项参数与临床妊娠率均无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论当精子正常形态率大于或等于4%时,精液常规参数与精液异常男性不育症患者的IUI临床妊娠率无明显相关性,各精液参数均不能有效预测此类型患者IUI的临床妊娠结局。     

弱畸形精子症与体外受精受精率和胚胎发育的相关性分析

目的比较弱畸形精子症(同时患有弱精子症和畸形精子症者)和精液正常患者行常规体外受精(IVF)的受精率和胚胎发育的差异,分析原发性与继发性不育对于弱畸精子症患者IVF受精率的影响,同时分析弱畸精子行分半ICSI(H-ICSI)和早补救ICSI是否改善受精结局,为今后选择合适的治疗方案提供参考。方法将2016年1月至12月在沈阳九州家圆医院生殖医学中心行IVF-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的患者分为弱畸精子症组(A组)和精液正常组(B组),A组内分为原发不育组(P组)和继发不育组(S组)。分别比较各组间的受精率、2PN受精率、卵裂率、2PN卵裂率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率等指标有无显著性差异。结果 A组受精率和2PN受精率显著低于B组(61.23%vs.75.19%,43.05%vs.56.58%,P<0.01),卵裂率、2PN卵裂率、优质胚胎率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。P组受精率显著低于S组(56.35%vs.66.37%,P<0.01),妊娠率显著低于S组(33.333%vs.73.33%,P<0.05)。R-ICSI中,ICSI优质胚胎率B组显著高于A组(60.61%vs.39.74%,P<0.01)。结论弱畸精子症显著影响IVF的受精率和2PN受精率,但是不影响后续胚胎发育和妊娠。原发不育的弱畸精子症会显著影响IVF周期中的受精率和临床妊娠率。对于这类患者,在IVF周期中应采取相应的短时受精以防止受精失败和低受精。精子活力和形态对受精和胚胎发育都有重要影响。     

精子DNA损伤程度与精液常规参数及活性氧的相关性及对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的探讨男性的精子DNA损伤程度与精液常规分析各项指标及活性氧(ROS)的相关性及对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法选取2016年12月至2017年12月该院收治的行IVF-ET的夫妇169对为研究对象,根据男方精液DNA损伤程度分为正常组(84例)、轻度损伤组(57例)、重度损伤组(28例),检测各组男方精液常规参数、ROS水平,分析精液常规参数、ROS水平与精子DNA损伤程度相关性,观察各组IVF-ET结局。结果各组精子活力、精子正常形态百分率及ROS水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),重度损伤组精子活力、精子正常形态百分率均低于正常组和轻度损伤组,ROS水平高于正常组和轻度损伤组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);精子活力、精子正常形态百分率与DNA损伤程度均呈负相关(r=-0.371、-0.334,P0.05),ROS与DNA损伤程度呈正相关(r=0.380,P0.05);重度损伤组受精率低于正常组和轻度损伤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但各组在卵裂率、优胚率、妊娠率及分娩率方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论男性精子DNA损伤可能与高水平ROS有关,精子DNA损伤可导致精子质量下降,降低受精率,对IVF-ET产生不利影响。     

正常形态精子百分率联合精子DNA碎片指数对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的预测价值

摘要:目的探讨男性 正常形态精子百分率联合精子DNA碎片化指数对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2023年2月在本中心行IVF-ET的641例患者的临床资料。根据正常形态精子百分率和精子DNA碎片化指数水平,分为A组(正常形态精子百分率<4%,精子DNA碎片化指数<25%,403例)、B组(正常形态精子百分率≥4%,精子DNA碎片化指数≥25%,9例)、C组(正常形态精子百分率≥4%,精子DNA碎片化指数<25%,125例)、D组(正常形态精子百分率<4%,精子DNA碎片化指数≥25%,104例)、A1组(正常形态精子百分率<1% ,精子DNA碎片化指数<25% ,106例)、D1组(正常形态精子百分率<1%,精子DNA碎片化指数≥25% ,60例)。比较各组一般资料、精液参数、胚胎发育及妊娠结局指标。结果各组女方年龄、 男方年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B、C、D、A1、D1 组的精子活动率、前向运动精子比率、精子总数、受精率指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而可利用胚胎率、优胚率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率、活产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论男性正常形 态精子百分率降低和精子DNA碎片化指数升高与精子活动力和总数下降相关,影响IVF-ET 受精率,但对临床妊娠结局无显著影响。联合检测正常形态精子百分率和精子DNA碎片化指数对预测IVF-ET妊娠结局的价值有限。     

两种精液优化法在宫腔内人工授精中的应用效果分析

目的探讨密度梯度离心法与直接上游法两种方法优化处理精液行宫腔内人工授精(IUI)对精子动态参数和妊娠率的影响。方法根据精液检查结果将IUI妇女分为2组,A组:采用直接上游法;B组:采用密度梯度离心法,优化处理精液后行IUI。比较两种方法处理后的精子检测结果与妊娠结局。结果两种方法处理前、后精子密度、活率、活力(a+b)、前向运动精子总数(PTMS)的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两种方法处理后,各项指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组间临床妊娠率的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种方法处理精液均可改善精子动态参数,但行IUI后临床妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。     

不育男性精液常规参数与年龄、精子DNA碎片率和精子顶体功能的相关性研究

目的探讨不育患者精液常规参数与年龄、精子DNA碎片率和精子顶体功能存在的相关性。方法选择2015年3月-2016年2月期间在本院接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的112例不育男性患者,按照年龄将患者进行分组,对其实施精液常规、精子DNA碎片率和顶体功能检测,观察分析两组数据中精液常规参数与精子功能参数存在的相关性。结果年龄40岁组患者精子DNA碎片率显著高于年龄≤40岁组(P0.05);精液常规参数与不育男性年龄负相关;两组患者精液常规参数与其精子DNA碎片率和精子顶体功能之间均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论精子DNA碎片率及顶体功能作为精液常规以外的检测手段,对不育男性患者精液质量评估、不孕原因分析以及生育能力评估具有重要的指导意义。     

常规IVF受精失败后行补救ICSI与直接ICSI的临床比较分析

目的:探讨常规体外受精(IVF)失败后行补救性卵母细胞浆内单精子注射(Rescue ICSI)的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2009年6-12月在我院生殖中心接受IVF-ET治疗,常规IVF受精完全失败行Rescue ICSI的患者共29个周期(Ⅰ组),与同期用男方射出精液直接行ICSI的70个周期(Ⅱ组)进行比较,两组患者均为首次接受体外受精/胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗。结果:Ⅰ组正常受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率分别为(80.8±16.2)%、(76.6±24.6)%、37.9%,Ⅱ组正常受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率分别为(82.9±15.9)%、、(72.7±24.4)%、41.4%,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ组卵裂率为(91.7±13.6)%,Ⅱ组为(97.4±6.8)%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:补救ICSI可提高受精率,改善临床妊娠结局,可以作为常规IVF受精失败后的补救措施。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Imaging choices in occult hip fracture

Background: Hip fracture is a common injury, with an incidence rate of > 250,000 per year in the United States. Diagnosis is particularly important due to the high dependence on the integrity of the hip in the daily life of most people. Objectives: In this article we review the literature focused on hip fracture detection and discuss advantages and limitations of each major imaging modality. Discussion: Plain radiographs are usually sufficient for diagnosis as they are at least 90% sensitive for hip fracture. However, in the 3–4% of Emergency Department (ED) patients having hip X-ray studies who harbor an occult hip fracture, the Emergency Physician must choose among several methods, each with intrinsic limitations, for further evaluation. These methods include computed tomography, scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: We present an evidence-based algorithm for the evaluation of a patient suspected to have an occult hip fracture in the ED. Also outlined are future directions for research to distinguish more effective techniques for identifying occult hip fractures.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the April 2012 Issue of the Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD but monthly online. The April 2012 issue (second DVD for 2012) contains 5045 complete reviews, 2182 protocols for reviews in production, and 17,084 short summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 674,000 randomized controlled trials, and 15,400 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains just over 11,000 citations. One hundred and seventeen new reviews have been published in the last 3 months of which 12 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine. The impact factor of the Cochrane Library stands at 6.186. Readers are encouraged to access the full report for any articles of interest as only a brief commentary is provided.     

Platelets,thrombosis, coagulation,and atherosclerosis

When I first got the invitation to join a medical delegation going to Moldova, I thought for a moment that our destination was the fictional country in the old Marx Brothers movie Duck Soup. On further checking, it turns out that entertaining place was called Freedonia. I now know that Moldova is indeed a real country, bordered on the west by Romania and on the other three sides by the Ukraine. It is a proud country, rich with traditions, and its people are warm, giving, eager to learn ways to improve their healthcare system, and deeply appreciative of our attempts to help them in the task.