球部尿道膀胱颈吻合治疗前列腺术后尿失禁的疗效观察

目的探讨球部尿道膀胱颈吻合治疗前列腺术后尿失禁的疗效。方法前列腺切除术后尿失禁患者5例，行球部尿道膀胱颈吻合术。结果4例患者术后能完全控制尿，无排尿困难；1例术后出现排尿困难，经膀胱颈部电切后排尿通畅。结论球部尿道膀胱颈吻合术是治疗前列腺切除术后尿失禁的一种可行方法。     

尿道膀胱镜下后尿道形态研究与外科临床

近年来,随着腔道泌尿外科的发展,许多后尿道疾病的治疗,根据情况,已不需要开放手术,通过内镜即可完成临床治疗,如尿道狭窄,前列腺增生,精阜肥大症、膀胱颈挛缩（纤维化）输尿管间嵴肥厚等,这些疾患经内镜治疗,创伤小、安全,受到广泛欢迎,最常用的方法是在尿道膀胱镜下,使用激光,电切以及电汽化来治愈疾患,因而除掌握激光、电切、电汽化固有特性外,熟练掌握后尿道的解剖及活体病态时形态特点极其重要,它关系到手术治疗效果及安全。自１９９４年至今,通过尿道膀胱镜我们集中观察了５５２例病人后尿道结构与形态变化,并结合…     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄原因分析及预防措施

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电切术后发生尿道狭窄的原因及预防措施。方法：回顾分析我院2001年6月至2008年6月施行的456例诊断为良性前列腺增生症经尿道前列腺电切术的临床资料和术后随防资料。结果：456例中术后1-24个月发生尿道狭窄22例,占4.8%,其中尿道外口狭窄5例,阴茎阴囊连接部狭窄2例,尿道膜部狭窄9例,球部尿道狭窄1例,前列腺部尿道狭窄2例,膀胱颈口挛缩狭窄3例。结论：尿道狭窄为经尿道前列腺电切术后常见并发症之一,术中操作轻柔、尽可能切净增生腺体、避免过度电凝止血、术后留置导尿管时间不宜过长、预防泌尿系感染是防止尿道狭窄的重要措施。     

钬激光尿道内切开治疗尿道狭窄疗效观察

我院自 2 0 0 1年 2月始 ,在腔镜下应用钬激光行尿道内切开及瘢痕切除术治疗创伤后尿道狭窄及闭锁 3 8例 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料　本组 3 8例 ,均为男性 ,年龄 2 2～ 78岁 ,平均 48岁。病程 1个月～ 3年 ,平均 10个月。尿道狭窄 2 5例 ,完全闭锁 13例。病因 :骨盆骨折所致 16例 ;经膀胱前列腺摘除术后 9例 ,汽化电切前列腺术后 11例 ,膀胱镜下经尿道取石损伤 2例。狭窄部位 :阴茎部 5例 ,尿道球部 7例 ,尿道膜部 9例 ,球膜部 4例 ,膀胱颈闭锁 8例 ,膜部闭锁 3例 ,球膜部闭锁 2例。 9例入院前已有耻骨上膀胱造瘘…     

经尿道手术治疗复杂性尿道狭窄64例

198 9～ 1998年我院采用经尿道手术 (包括 :尿道内切开术、尿道电切术及尿道激光术 )治疗复杂性尿道狭窄 6 4例 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料本组 6 4例均为男性 ,年龄 2 0～ 78岁。外伤性4 9例 ,医源性 13例 (前列腺增生术后 11例 ,卡介苗膀胱灌注所致 2例 ) ,炎症性 2例。尿道闭     

TUVP联合TURP治疗良性前列腺增生病人的护理

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺汽化切割术联合经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的护理对策。方法：回顾性分析2006年1月～2008年5月我院经尿道前列腺汽化切割术联合经尿道前列腺电切术81例病人的临床护理资料，总结围术期护理对策。结果：平均手术时间（52．9±13．6）min，术中出血量（52．1±29．8）ml，术后离床活动时间（23．8±2．27）h，平均住院天数（7．3±1．1）d。术后病理报告均为良性前列腺增生。术后发生电切综合征2例、暂时性尿失禁4例、膀胱颈痉挛6例、术后出血2例、尿道狭窄并尿路感染1例，术后无1例输血。均及时采取有效的治疗和护理措施，全部痊愈出院。结论：经尿道前列腺汽化切割术联合经尿道前列腺电切术是治疗前列腺增生安全有效的外科治疗方法，同时良好的围术期护理是手术成功的保障。     

小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术

目的探讨小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切方法。方法回顾性分析32例体积小于15g的良性前列腺增生患者经尿道电切加膀胱颈切开术的临床资料。结果32例术后症状缓解,排尿通畅。术前IPSS评分24.7±4.8,术后降至12.9±2.4;术前Qmax(8.2±3.4)ml/s,术后升至(13.1±3.8)ml/s,无出血、漏尿、尿失禁及水中毒等并发症发生。结论小体积前列腺增生开放手术很难剥离、单纯经尿道前列腺切除及单纯经尿道膀胱颈切开术术后膀胱颈挛缩发生率较高,经尿道前列腺电切术加膀胱颈切开术是治疗小体积前列腺增生的理想术式。     

经尿道膀胱颈电切治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻

目的 回顾性分析76例女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断及治疗经验.方法 自2000年5月～2005年5月,采用Gyrus双极等离子环状电切袢,对76例临床诊断为膀胱颈梗阻的女性患者行膀胱颈电切术.切除部位依膀胱镜下梗阻性质的不同,切除5、7点或6点.术后对症状改善不明显的患者,再次行膀胱颈电切或配合定期尿道扩张.结果 76例中,经一次膀胱颈电切后自觉排尿症状明显改善者62例;14例改善不明显者,术后1个月复查膀胱镜,5例切除深度不够者再次电切,9例定期行尿道扩张.术后随访3～6个月,排尿通畅,感觉满意.结论 经尿道膀胱颈电切治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻疗效确切,值得推广.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后再入院病人的诊治分析

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电切术后再入院病人的病因和治疗方法。方法：对2002年4月至2006年12月我院开展的经尿道前列腺电切术480例中术后再入院的24例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析并随访。结果：480例前列腺电切术后再入院24例。占4．6％。其中术后血尿导致屎潴留12例，均在膀胱镜下行血肿清除术：术后前尿道狭窄4例。定期尿道扩张治愈。术后并发膀胱结石3例，行经尿道膀胱结石气压弹道碎石术；膀胱颈挛缩2例。再次行电切术：术后膀胱过度活动症1例，给予药物治疗后缓解；术后并发晚期前列腺癌1例，给予去势手术＋氟他胺＋局部放疗治疗。结论：术后继发性出血，前尿道狭窄，继发性膀胱结石，膀胱颈挛缩是术后再入院的主要原因，治疗上根据相应的病因选择适当的治疗方法。[著者文摘]     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术后排尿困难38例原因分析

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术是目前腔内治疗前列腺增生症的新方法,疗效满意,但也有不少并发症,其中术后排尿困难就是其中之一.我院近4 a来,行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TUVP）治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）412例,术后出现排尿困难38例,现分析如下. 1 临床资料 本组年龄58～87岁.中叶增生20例,两侧叶增生18例.合并糖尿病5例,陈旧性脑出血3例.因腺体残留引起排尿不畅23例,膀胱颈水肿3例,膀胱颈后唇过高、输尿管间嵴肥厚及膀胱颈瘢痕性挛缩4例,尿道外口狭窄4例,血块堵塞3例,神经原性膀胱1例.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.