血清铁蛋白与类风湿性关节炎疾病活动性的关系

目的 观察类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清铁蛋白水平的变化,分析血清铁蛋白与RA疾病活动性、C反应蛋白(CRP)及抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)的关系.方法 入选RA患者68例,健康对照60例,分别检测血清铁蛋白、抗CCP抗体、CRP,RF和红细胞沉降率(ESR).记录RA患者的临床资料,疾病活动性以DAS28评分表示.分析RA患者血清铁蛋白水平与DAS28评分、CRP、抗CCP抗体和RF的关系.结果 11.8%的RA患者血清铁蛋白升高;RA患者血清铁蛋白平均水平比对照组显著升高(t=11.79,P<0.01);重度活动组(DAS28>5.1)血清铁蛋白水平明显高于轻中度组和缓解组(DAS28≤5.1),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清铁蛋白水平与DAS28评分和CRP成正相关(r=0.485,P<0.05和r=0.633,P<0.01),与抗CCP抗体和RF无相关性(r=0.211,P>0.05和r=0.157,P>0.05).结论 血清铁蛋白水平反映了RA患者的疾病活动状态,是除CRP外的又一个评价RA疾病活动性的重要指标.     

补体C1q与类风湿关节炎活动度相关性研究

目的探讨血清补体C1q水平在类风湿关节炎(RA)活动度中的应用价值。方法收集160例RA患者(RA活动组110例,RA缓解组50例)和30例健康体检人群(健康对照组)的外周静脉血,测定其血清补体C1q水平,同时检测与RA疾病活动度相关指标红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)及环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)的表达,采用SPSS19.0软件进行比较分析。结果 RA活动组C1q、ESR、CRP水平高于RA缓解组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而RA缓解组与健康对照组C1q水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),ESR、CRP与C1q比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);RA活动组RF阳性率高于RA缓解组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CCP阳性率高于健康对照组,但与RA缓解组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),C1q与RF比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而与CCP比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C1q、ESR、CRP、RF与28-类风湿关节炎疾病活动分数(DAS28)呈显著相关(P0.05),CCP与DAS28无显著相关。结论补体C1q与RA活动度呈显著相关,可作为评价RA活动度的指标。     

嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-1、类风湿因子和抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿关节炎活动度的相关性分析

目的研究嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-1(Eotaxin-1)、类风湿因子(RF)和抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体与类风湿关节炎活动度的相关性。方法将淄博矿业集团中心医院2014年12月至2015年12月就诊的早期类风湿关节炎患者58名,同时期非类风湿关节炎患者46名,健康人对照者53名纳入本研究。收集其肿胀关节计数、压痛关节计数和DAS28评分评价RA的活动度。免疫透射比浊法检测其血清RF水平,ELISA检测Eotaxin-1和抗CCP抗体的水平,不同组间因子水平的比较采用方差分析,其水平与临床评分的相关性采用Spearman相关分析。结果 RA组Eotaxin-1、RF和抗CCP抗体的水平分别为(96.02±21.07)pg/m L、(183.42±87.45)U/m L、(119.09±62.30)RU/m L,较非RA组和健康人对照组均高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。RA患者血清Eotaxin-1水平与其肿胀关节计数、压痛关节计数和DAS28评分有显著相关性(P0.01);抗CCP抗体的水平与其压痛关节计数和DAS28评分有相关性;RF仅与DAS28评分有相关性。结论 RA患者血清Eotaxin-1和抗CCP抗体的水平与患者的疾病活动度相关,有望发展成为监测RA疾病活动度的新的血清学指标。     

类风湿关节炎患者肿瘤标志物CA50水平的临床意义研究

目的观察类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原50(CA50)的水平变化及其阳性率,探讨CA50与RA及RA活动度的关系。方法选择2014~2015年确诊为RA同时行肿瘤标志物CA50检测的住院患者86例作为RA组,以年龄性别相匹配的健康体检者88例作为对照组。收集RA的类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及疾病活动度分数(DAS28)。结果与对照组比较,RA组血清肿瘤标志物CA50阳性率偏高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且RA组血清肿瘤标志物CA50水平与RF、抗CCP抗体、ESR、DAS28评分呈正相关(P0.05),而与hs-CRP无相关性,肿瘤标志物升高的患者未发现肿瘤共存依据。结论 RA患者血清CA50升高,且与病情活动度相关,但并不提示相关肿瘤共存,之后患肿瘤风险是否增加仍需继续随访。     

血清抗CCP抗体、RF、CRP、ESR水平联合检测在类风湿性关节炎患者早期诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨血清红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)联合检测在类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者早期诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2015年5月至2017年7月该院收治的39例RA患者设为研究组,另选取同期进行健康体检者39例设为对照组。以电化学发光法测定血清抗CCP抗体水平,以免疫散射比浊法测定血清CRP、RF水平,以全自动动态红细胞沉降率分析仪测定ESR。统计分析两组血清ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体水平、RA与上述血清指标相关性、RA发病危险因素,并统计分析血清ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体单独检测与联合检测诊断RA价值。结果研究组血清ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体水平较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);RA与ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体呈正相关(P0.05);血清ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体均为RA发病的危险因素(P0.05);联合检测诊断灵敏度为92.31%(36/39)、准确度为94.87%(74/78),均高于单独检测血清ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);联合检测4种指标的特异度与单独检测相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 RA患者血清ESR、CRP、RF、抗CCP抗体水平异常增高,联合检测上述指标水平可有效提高疾病诊断灵敏度及准确度,减少漏诊及误诊,可为临床及早确定干预方案提供一定参考依据。     

血清抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与类风湿关节炎合并间质性肺疾病的相关性分析

目的探讨血清抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体与类风湿关节炎(RA)合并间质性肺疾病(ILD)的相关性。方法选择RA患者共57例,其中RA-ILD患者22例(研究组),RA未合并ILD患者35例(对照组),检测RA患者抗CCP抗体、类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、IgG、IgA、IgM水平,采用疾病活动评分(DAS28)评估疾病活动性,并进行统计分析。结果抗CCP抗体在高滴度水平即抗CCP抗体500 U/ml时,研究组的CCP抗体500 U/ml的人数比率著高于对照组。两组在各种滴度分组下的RF水平均无统计学差异。研究组RF滴度与抗CCP抗体水平无明显相关性(r=0.192,P=0.637),两组其余各项指标也无统计学差异。结论高滴度抗CCP抗体在评价RA-ILD方面有一定的参考价值,较RF好。对高滴度抗CCP抗体的RA患者应注意间质性肺疾病的发生。     

类风湿性关节炎患者红细胞体积分布宽度及相关炎性因子与病情活动度的相关性

目的探讨红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)及相关炎性因子与类风湿性关节炎(RA)病情活动度的相关性。方法选择RA患者110例、痛风患者50例及正常对照者50名,检测其RDW、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)及抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体等实验室指标。以疾病活动指数(DAS)285.1和2.6~3.2将RA组分为高活动期组(60例)和低活动期组(50例),分别比较各项指标的水平。结果正常对照组、痛风组、RA低活动期组、RA高活动期组RDW、CRP、ESR、抗CCP抗体、RF依次升高(P0.01)。RA患者骨损伤发生率为60.9%,骨损伤组RDW、ESR和CRP明显高于无骨损伤组(P0.01)。RA患者中高滴度抗CCP抗体(300 RU/mL)、RF(200 IU/mL)者骨损伤发生率明显升高。结论 RDW及高滴度抗CCP抗体、RF可作为RA疾病活动程度的评价指标。     

类风湿关节炎患者血清SP、GDF-15水平与疾病活动度及亚临床动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清表面活性蛋白(SP)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)水平与疾病活动度及亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择2017年2月至2020年2月该院收治的RA患者156例为研究对象,根据28个关节疾病活动指数(DAS28)评分将RA患者分为活动组(DAS28评分2.6分)94例,非活动组(DAS28评分≤2.6分)62例,另选取同期在该院体检的健康体检者60例为对照组,比较3组血清SP、GDF-15水平,测量颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(CIMT),计算血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP),检测类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)和抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(anti-CCP)水平,分析SP、GDF-15水平与DAS28评分、CIMT,以及AIP、RF、CRP、ESR、anti-CCP的关系。结果活动组、非活动组血清SP、GDF-15水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),活动组血清SP、GDF-15水平明显高于非活动组(P0.05)。活动组RF、ESR、CRP、CIMT、anti-CCP、AIP值明显大于非活动组(P0.05)。活动组SP水平与ESR、CRP、RF、anti-CCP无相关性(P0.05),GDF-15水平与ESR呈正相关(P0.05),与CRP、RF、anti-CCP无相关性(P0.05)。非活动组SP、GDF-15水平与ESR、CRP、RF、anti-CCP均无相关性(P0.05)。RA患者SP水平与DAS28评分呈正相关(P0.05),与CIMT、AIP无相关性(P0.05),GDF-15水平与DAS28评分、CIMT及AIP均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 RA患者血清SP、GDF-15水平均与疾病活动度具有一定关系,且GDF-15对RA患者亚临床动脉粥样硬化具有潜在的预测价值。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体定量检测与类风湿关节炎早期诊断的相关性研究

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)定量检测与类风湿关节炎(RA)早期诊断的相关性。方法采用日立7600全自动生化分析仪应用乳胶增强免疫比浊法对82例病程≤1.5年的RA患者及53例非RA患者的血清抗CCP抗体水平进行检测,同时检测类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、抗链球菌溶血素O(ASO)血清水平并进行比较。结果抗CCP抗体、RF、CRP、ASO血清水平在RA组的敏感度分别为68.3%、59.8%、69.5%、12.2%,特异度分别为92.5%、79.2%、57.2%、84.9%,抗CCP抗体的敏感度与RF、CRP比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),特异度明显高于RF和CRP;对抗CCP抗体阳性而RF阴性患者进行为期3～6个月的动态观察,结果显示,其中43.5%的患者RF血清水平由阴性转为阳性。血清中抗CCP抗体水平较RF先期升高,血清抗CCP抗体水平检测对早期RA的诊断有非常高的特异度,并且可反映RA病情活动与否,有助于判断预后。结论抗CCP抗体血清水平检测对RA的诊断具有较高的敏感度和特异度,具有早期诊断价值;同时检测抗CCP抗体、RF、CRP血清水平对RA的诊断、鉴别诊断、预后观察均有一定临床意义,而ASO对RA的诊断意义不大。     

抗CCP抗体、RF、CRP和ESR检测在RA诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)在早期类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中的水平变化及其在诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2015年12月至2016年6月在该院就诊的早期RA患者210例(RA组),其中男28例,女182例;同时选取其他风湿病患者115例(非RA组),其中男38例,女77例;健康体检者85例(健康组),其中男46例,女39例。采用胶乳增强免疫比浊法定量检测抗CCP抗体;采用免疫比浊法定量检测RF及CRP水平;采用魏氏法检测ESR,检测其在RA及非RA的其他自身免疫系统病患者体内的水平变化。结果 RA组的抗CCP的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别是60.95%、97.64%、98.46%、50.30%、0.59;RF检测分别是52.38%、95.29%、96.49%、44.75%、0.48;CRP检测分别是30.48%、89.41%、87.67%、87.67%、34.23%、0.20;ESR检测分别是49.52%、87.06%、90.43%、41.11%、0.37。RA组抗CCP抗体水平明显高于RF水平,两者的检测结果明显高于非RA组和健康组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。CRP与ESR检测RA组与非RA组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在RA患者中抗CCP抗体水平较高,明显优于RF检测,抗CCP抗体检测对RA早期诊断有较高的价值。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.