纳布啡联合右美托咪定预防性镇痛对鼻内镜手术患者血流动力学和术后疼痛的影响

目的 探讨纳布啡联合右美托咪定预防性镇痛对鼻内镜手术患者血流动力学和术后疼痛的影响。方法 选取择期在鼻内镜下行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术的患者60例，随机分为右美托咪定联合纳布啡组（DN组）和右美托咪定组（D组），每组30例。D组于麻醉诱导前15 min给予右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg泵注；DN组于麻醉诱导前15 min给予右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg泵注，同时静脉注射纳布啡0.20 mg/kg。观察麻醉前（T₁）、插管后即刻（T₂）、手术开始时（T₃）、气管导管拔除即刻（T₄）和拔管后5 min（T₅）的平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR），记录术中丙泊酚、舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼用量，以及苏醒和拔管时间，用数字分级评分（NRS）评估拔管后0.5 h（T₆）、4.0 h（T₇）、8.0 h（T₈）和24.0 h（T₉）的疼痛情况，记录补救镇痛率及不良反应发生率。结果 与T₁时点比较，D组T₂～T₅时点MAP明显升高，HR明显加快（P < 0.05），DN组T₂～T₅时点MAP和HR与T₁时点比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。DN组T₂～T₅时点MAP明显低于D组，HR明显慢于D组（P < 0.05），T₆～T₉时点NRS明显较D组低（P < 0.05），瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚用量明显较D组少（P < 0.05），补救镇痛率明显较D组低（P < 0.05）。结论 在鼻内镜手术中使用纳布啡联合右美托咪定预防性镇痛，可稳定患者血流动力学，减少术中麻醉药物用量，减轻术后疼痛，对苏醒及拔管时间无明显影响。     

右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果分析

目的 分析右美托咪定与酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的麻醉效果。方法 选取2018年1月－2020年1月该院行LC的患者120例,随机分为对照组（60例）和观察组（60例）。手术过程中,对照组给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛,观察组给予右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛。比较两组患者不同时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、镇痛评分、镇静评分、氧化应激情况及不良反应。结果 切胆时（T₂）,两组患者HR和MAP水平均明显低于术前（T₁）（P < 0.05）,观察组HR和MAP水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）;气管拔管时（T₃）,对照组HR和MAP水平明显高于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,观察组HR和MAP水平明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。术后6 h（T₅）和12 h（T₆）,两组患者Ramsay评分均明显高于术后1 h（T₄）（P < 0.05）;T₄、T₅和T₆时点,观察组Ramsay评分明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）,数字分级评分（NRS）的动态评分明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。T₅时点,两组患者血清丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平均明显高于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平明显低于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,且观察组SOD和T-AOC水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）,MDA水平明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P = 0.648）。结论 在酮咯酸氨丁三醇基础上辅以右美托咪定超前镇痛,有助于提高镇痛镇静效果,纠正LC患者机体血流动力学紊乱,控制机体氧化应激反应,且安全性较高。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者术后粘连的疗效与安全性分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者术后粘连的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月－2020年7月该院63例行胆囊切除术的患者的临床资料，根据手术方式不同分为对照组（n = 32）和观察组（n = 31）。对照组行开腹胆囊切除术，观察组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。比较两组患者临床指标、炎症因子水平、并发症及肠粘连发生率。应用Pearson相关系数分析炎症因子与术后粘连的相关性。结果 观察组手术时间、肛门排气时间和肠鸣音恢复时间均短于对照组［（56.7±8.3）和（82.6±9.4）min、（22.5±2.3）和（35.6±4.3）h、（13.2±5.7）和（19.1±6.8）h］，术后疼痛评分低于对照组［（7.6±0.3）和（9.2±0.5）分］（P < 0.05）。术后2 d，观察组血清C反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素原（PCT）明显低于对照组［（11.3±3.6）和（26.7±6.5）mg/L，（5.5±1.3）和（6.4±2.5）μg/L］（P < 0.05）。观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组（6.5%和25.0%，P < 0.05）。术后3个月，观察组肠粘连发生率明显低于对照组（12.9%和28.1%，P < 0.05）。术后CRP和PCT水平与肠粘连发生率存在明显正相关。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术可明显改善患者临床指标，降低患者炎症因子水平、并发症和肠粘连发生率。     

免充喉罩与气管内插管用于全身麻醉下经气管镜超声引导针吸活检的临床研究

目的 探讨免充喉罩与气管插管用于全身麻醉下经气管镜超声引导针吸活检（EBUS-TBNA）对患者围手术期血流动力学、气道峰压、麻醉恢复时间及围手术期不良反应的影响。方法 选择全身麻醉下行EBUS-TBNA的患者64例,随机分为喉罩组（L组,n = 32）和气管插管组（T组,n = 32）。观察两组患者麻醉诱导前（T₀）、诱导后插入喉罩/气管导管前（T₁）、诱导后插入喉罩/气管导管后即刻（T₂）、超声支气管镜置入即刻（T₃）、针吸活检时（T₄）、拔管即刻（T₅）和拔管后10 min（T₆）的血流动力力学变化;记录插入免充喉罩/气管插管后（P₁）、活检镜置入后（P₂）和拔出活检镜后（P₃）的气道峰压;记录两组患者呼吸恢复时间、清醒拔管时间、阿片类药物和顺式阿曲库铵使用量;比较两组患者围手术期不良反应发生率。结果 T组T₂和T₅时点收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）均明显高于L组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;在P₂时点,T组气道峰压明显高于L组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;L组呼吸恢复时间与清醒拔管时间均短于T组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;T组瑞芬太尼使用量大于L组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;T组拔管躁动发生率高于L组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 与气管插管相比,免充喉罩应用于全身麻醉下EBUS-TBNA,可维持血流动力学平稳,缩短麻醉恢复时间,是围手术期较为安全可行的麻醉管理方式。     

盐酸纳布啡用于无痛纤维支气管镜对呛咳反应及相关指标的影响

目的 观察丙泊酚复合盐酸纳布啡或舒芬太尼在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中对患者呛咳反应、血流动力学和术中呼吸抑制等的影响。方法 将择期行无痛纤维支气管镜检查的103例患者随机分为纳布啡组（N组）、舒芬太尼组（S组）和纯丙泊酚组（C组）,所有患者操作开始前经外周静脉通道注射丙泊酚复合盐酸纳布啡或舒芬太尼。其中,N组：纳布啡10～20 mg+丙泊酚100～150 mg,S组：舒芬太尼5～10 μg + 丙泊酚100～150 mg,C组：丙泊酚100～150 mg。记录入室时（T₀）、纤维支气管镜进入声门时（T₁）、检查过程中（T₂）、检查完毕（T₃）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、经皮动脉血氧饱和度（SpO₂）以及纤维支气管镜进入声门时呛咳程度、检查全过程托下颌面罩给氧次数等。结果 3组患者各时间点的MAP、HR、SpO₂和检查过程中托下颌次数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;C组呛咳评分高于N组和S组（P < 0.05）,苏醒时间长于N组和S组（P < 0.05）,但N组和S组比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 小剂量盐酸纳布啡或舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于无痛纤维支气管镜检查,对血流动力学影响较小,同时可有效抑制操作过程中的呛咳反射,相比于单纯使用丙泊酚,未增加呼吸抑制的发生率。     

右美托咪定复合布托啡诺在无痛支气管镜检查中的应用效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定复合布托啡诺在无痛支气管镜检查中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年5月－2022年5月该院呼吸与危重症医学科支气管镜室行电子支气管镜检查的144例肺结节患者作为研究对象。将144例患者分成A组（利多卡因组）、B组（利多卡因+右美托咪定组）、C组（利多卡因+右美托咪定+舒芬太尼组）和D组（利多卡因+右美托咪定+布托啡诺组）,每组36例。该研究为随机对照单盲试验。全部入组患者入室后,予以鼻导管给氧,按分组实施麻醉后,完成支气管镜检查。比较各组入室时（T₀）、麻醉诱导后5 min（T₁）、电子支气管镜通过声门时（T₂）、操作5 min（T₃）、操作结束时（T₄）和出室时（T₅）各时点的心率（HR）、经皮动脉血氧饱和度（SpO₂）和平均动脉压（MAP）,观察并记录各组术中和术后不良反应,待患者清醒后,行患者舒适度和术者操作满意度问卷调查。结果 4组患者全部完成电子支气管镜检查。4组患者T₂和T₃时点与T₀时点HR的差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（H值分别为21.15和19.63,P < 0.05）,Bonferroni检验显示,C组T₂和T₃时点与T₀时点HR的差值与A组和B组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。4组患者T₂时点与T₀时点SpO₂的差值比较,差异有统计学意义（H = 9.58,P = 0.023）,Bonferroni检验显示,D组T₂时点与T₀时点SpO₂的差值与A组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。4组患者T₂和T₃时点与T₀时点MAP的差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（H值分别为9.65和21.31,P < 0.05）,Bonferroni检验显示,A组T₂时点与T₀时点MAP的差值及D组T₃时点与T₀时点MAP的差值与其他3组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。D组患者舒适度评分和术者操作满意度评分高于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义（Z值分别为62.77和53.94,P < 0.01）,D组不良反应发生率明显低于其他3组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论 右美托咪定复合布托啡诺麻醉方案用于无痛支气管镜检查,更能达到无痛苦效果,血流动力学更平稳,不易发生呼吸抑制,患者舒适度及术者操作满意度更高,不良反应较少,值得临床推广应用。     

支气管封堵器与双腔支气管导管对开胸前肺萎陷影响的比较

目的 比较支气管封堵器（BB）与双腔支气管导管（DLT）对开胸前肺萎陷效果的影响。方法 选取择期行电视胸腔镜下左肺叶切除术的患者72例,采用随机数表法分为3组（n = 24）：DLT常规萎陷组（DLT组）、DLT开胸前肺萎陷技术组（PTLCT-DLT组）和BB开胸前肺萎陷技术组（PTLCT-BB组）。其中,PTLCT-DLT组和PTLCT-BB组中分别有2例和1例发生低氧血症［经皮动脉血氧饱和度（SpO₂） < 90%］,被剔除,最终DLT组24例、PTLCT-DLT组22例、PTLCT-BB组23例完成该项研究。DLT组右侧卧位前左通道被夹闭并向空气开放,PTLCT-DLT组双肺纯氧通气并在侧卧位前夹闭左通道,PTLCT-BB组在侧卧位前封堵左支气管,排气管被故意堵塞。比较3组患者侧卧位即时（T₁）、单肺通气8 min（T₂）、单肺通气10 min（T₃）和开胸后2 min（T₄）的心率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、SpO₂和动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）,记录3组患者在胸腔镜置入即刻的肺萎陷评分（LCS）。结果 与DLT组比较,PTLCT-DLT组和PTLCT-BB组的LCS明显升高（P < 0.05）,PTLCT-DLT组与PTLCT-BB组比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。在T₃时点,PTLCT-DLT组和PTLCT-BB组SpO₂较DLT组明显降低（P < 0.05）,PTLCT-DLT组和PTLCT-BB组在T₂和T₃时点PaO₂较DLT组明显降低（P < 0.05）,在T₄时点较DLT组明显升高（P < 0.05）。结论 开胸前肺萎陷技术有助于BB和DLT完成开胸前肺萎陷,两者对开胸前肺萎陷的影响无差异。     

股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞在膝关节骨性关节炎关节镜术中的作用分析

目的 探讨股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞在膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）关节镜术中的作用。方法 选取2019年5月－2021年10月该院收治的拟行膝关节镜术治疗的KOA患者86例,依据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。对照组行连续硬膜外麻醉,观察组行股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组患者的运动和感觉阻滞起效时间及持续时间,记录并比较两组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉前（T₀）、麻醉后5 min（T₁）、手术10 min（T₂）、手术30 min（T₃）和手术结束时（T₄）的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）和不良反应总发生率。结果 观察组运动和感觉神经阻滞起效时间较对照组短（P < 0.05）,运动和感觉神经阻滞维持时间较对照组长（P < 0.05）;两组患者HR和MAP在组间、时间和交互方面比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;对照组的HR在T₀时点与T₁时点、T₁时点与T₃时点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,MAP在T₀时点与T₁、T₂、T₃和T₄时点以及T₁时点与T₃时点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;观察组患者T₁、T₂、T₃和T₄时点的MAP高于对照组（P < 0.05）;在不良反应方面,观察组发生率较对照组低（P < 0.05）。结论 股神经+坐骨+股外侧皮神经阻滞能够提高患者在KOA关节镜术中的麻醉效果,阻滞效果理想,可维持血流动力学稳定,降低不良反应发生率。值得临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术患者镇痛效果及认知功能的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术（LM）患者镇痛效果及认知功能的影响。方法 选取2018年11月－2020年11月该院LM患者128例,依据随机数表法分为定全组（n = 64）和单全组（n = 64）,单全组给予全身麻醉处理,定全组在此基础上给予右美托咪定处理,比较两组患者血流动力学［平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）］、镇痛效果［视觉模拟评分法（VAS）］、全身麻醉药用量、认知功能［简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）］和不良反应发生率。结果 定全组麻醉30 min时（T₁）、肌瘤剔除时（T₂）和术毕时（T₃）的MAP、HR及术后2、6和12 h的VAS均明显低于单全组（P < 0.05）;定全组全身麻醉用药量少于单全祖,认知功能障碍率低于单全组,定全组术后12、24和48 h的MMSE评分明显高于单全组（P < 0.05）;定全组不良反应率低于单全组,但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 右美托咪定可有效稳定LM患者血流动力学,加强镇痛效果,减少全身麻醉用药量,改善认知功能障碍,安全有效。     

腹腔镜胆囊切开取石术中圈套器套扎胆囊壁切口法与丝线缝合胆囊壁切口法的临床疗效对比

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切开取石术中圈套器套扎胆囊壁切口法与丝线缝合胆囊壁切口法的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析同济大学附属东方医院胆石中心2020年1月－2022年1月收治的206例胆石病患者的临床资料,按照手术方式分为圈套组（n = 86）和缝合组（n = 120）,对比两组患者手术情况、手术并发症情况和术后胆囊恢复情况。结果 所有患者顺利完成手术,圈套组手术时间较缝合组短［（19.98±2.31）和（34.97±2.21）min］,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。圈套组术中出血量较缝合组少［（5.29±1.00）和（16.98±2.17）mL］,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）;两组患者住院时间［（2.28±0.75）和（3.46±0.66）d］比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。两组患者手术并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,圈套组术后无胆囊内血凝块形成和胆囊急性炎症发生。两组患者术后胆囊结石复发率比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。圈套组术前与术后的胆囊排空率和胆囊壁厚度比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 圈套器套扎胆囊壁切口法安全可行,可明显缩短手术时间和住院时间,减少术中出血量,避免胆囊切开取石术后胆囊内血凝块形成及急性炎症的发生,值得临床推广。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.