液氮浅低温冷冻对皮肤血管影响的实验研究

进行了液氮浅低温冷冻对皮肤血管影响的实验研究,结果显示冷冻后真皮浅层血管显著扩张,数目增多（Ｐ＜００１）,尤以毛囊周围为显著。说明该方法主要通过改善毛囊及其周围的血液循环和组织代谢而促进了毛发生长,为临床采用该法治疗斑秃提供了理论依据     

液氮浅低温冷冻对家兔皮肤黑素细胞组织学和超微结构的影响

目的: 评价液氮浅低温冷冻疗法对家兔皮肤黑素细胞组织学和超微结构的影响.方法: 用棉签蘸液氮对实验组家兔进行浅低温冷冻实验,观察冷冻后皮肤组织的组织学和超微结构变化.结果: 实验组冷冻2～3周后局部皮肤逐渐出现色素沉着,组织学显示表皮及毛囊上皮增厚,黑素颗粒弥漫分布,黑素细胞数目显著增多,真皮浅层毛细血管扩张充血,数目增多,毛囊周围尤为明显,与对照组对比有显著性差异.透射电镜见黑素细胞体积增大,内质网和游离核糖体明显增多,线粒体分布较密集,腺腔明显扩大,胞核周围有较多不同阶段的黑素小体,以II和III期为主.结论: 液氮浅低温冷冻疗法能刺激表皮和毛囊的黑素细胞和新生毛发生长, 为临床治疗斑秃和白癜风提供有力的理论依据.     

毛囊周围纤维瘤

组织病理特征表皮大致正常, 真皮内可见较多的毛囊,毛囊周围可见纤维组织增生包绕,呈同心圆状排列,增生的纤维组织与周围的结缔组织之间有裂隙. 组织病理分析图1 的病理特征符合毛囊周围纤维瘤(perifollicular fibroma).毛囊周围纤维瘤是一种少见的毛囊周围痣样损害,组织病理上具有特征性表现.其主要组织病理改变为真皮内毛囊数目增加,多为毛胚和退化的毛乳头,几乎所有的毛囊周围均有同心圆样排列的纤维组织增生,似洋葱皮样外观.增生的纤维组织与周围的结缔组织之间往往有裂隙,周围可有成纤维细胞和毛细血管增生.     

持久性发疹性斑状毛细血管扩张症

报告1例持久性发疹性斑状毛细血管扩张症。患者男，42岁。临床表现为躯干浅褐色斑丘疹4年伴微痒，Darier征阳性。皮损组织病理检查显示真皮浅层毛细血管扩张，周围稀疏单一核细胞浸润，Giemsa染色阳性。结合临床表现和组织病理改变，诊断为持久性发疹性斑状毛细血管扩张症。     

巨大毛囊皮脂腺囊性错构瘤

报告1例巨大毛囊皮脂腺囊性错构瘤。患者男，15岁。右臀部丘疹，结节15年。体格检查示右臀部多个大小不一的丘疹及结节、部分融合成硬斑块。组织病理检查示毛囊扩张畸形，其上端为毛囊漏斗部扩张，形成囊性结构，下端为增生的皮脂腺，周围胶原增生硬化，且在真皮浅层及中部可见散在成熟的脂肪组织。诊断：巨大毛囊皮脂腺囊性错构瘤。     

幼年局限型毛发红糠疹1例

患儿女,9岁,四肢关节鳞屑性红斑伴掌跖角化痒1个月。组织病理示:表皮部分区域角化过度与角化不全大致交替出现,部分区域水平与柱状角化不全交替出现,毛囊角栓,其周围灶性角化不全。棘层增厚,轻度棘细胞间水肿,部分表皮突和真皮乳头相应增宽。真皮浅层毛细血管扩张、充血,管周轻度淋巴细胞、组织细胞浸润。诊断为毛发红糠疹。     

秃发性毛发角化症

报告1例秃发性毛发角化症。患者女，22岁。因全身泛发毛囊性红色丘疹8年，头皮瘢痕性秃发伴瘙痒4年就诊。临床表现为头部毛发稀疏，部分秃发区可见毛囊萎缩。面颊部毛细血管扩张，密集毛囊性粉刺样丘疹，四肢、躯干泛发粟米大毛囊性丘疹。枕部头皮组织病理检查：表皮角化过度，表皮突局灶性延长，毛囊口有角质栓，毛囊内外根鞘灶性萎缩或消失，局部多核巨细胞反应性增生，毛囊周围及真皮血管周围见较多淋巴细胞浸润。诊断：秃发性毛发角化症。     

斑秃皮损内朗格汉斯细胞及CD8+ T细胞的数量及分布分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨斑秃患者脱发皮损中朗格汉斯细胞在斑秃病理进程中的分布以及与T细胞的关系。 方法 对29例斑秃患者（活动期16例,非活动期13例）头皮脱发皮损进行CD1a免疫组化染色,对其中17例斑秃患者行CD4、CD8免疫组化染色。荧光半定量PCR测定局部皮损浅层和深层CD1a和粒细胞巨噬细胞刺激因子（GM-CSF）的mRNA表达水平。 结果 斑秃患者表皮和真皮各处包括真皮浅层血管周围、毛囊周围,真皮深层血管周围、毛囊周围CD1a阳性LC数量均较健康对照显著增加（Z = 4.354,2.884,4.640,3.217, 3.496,均P ＜ 0.01）,活动期皮损表皮层、深层血管、深层毛囊CD1a阳性LC数量较非活动期皮损高（Z = 2.457, 2.130,1.954,P ≤ 0.05）。斑秃患者CD1a 、GM-CSF mRNA相对表达量在皮损真皮浅层虽与健康对照无差异,但在深层均高于健康对照（Z = 2.702,2.941,均P ＜ 0.01）。斑秃患者浅层血管周围LC与深层毛囊周围CD8+ T细胞数量呈正相关（r = 0.618,P ＜ 0.05）,活动组浅层血管周围LC与深层毛囊周围CD8+ T细胞数量分布呈正相关关系（r = 0.795,P = 0.01）,非活动组浅层血管周LC与深层毛囊周围CD8+ T细胞数量分布则无相关关系。 结论 斑秃患者皮损LC数量增加,且在活动期皮损升高更明显。活动期斑秃皮损中浅层血管周围LC与深层毛囊周围CD8+ T细胞数量呈正相关,推测LC在斑秃疾病进展中发挥作用。     

黄褐斑患者组织病理特征分析

目的 探讨黄褐斑组与正常对照组组织病理学及超微结构差异。方法 分别取8例黄褐斑患者的皮损组织,16例面部色素痣皮损周围正常组织,分别取2 mm活检,进行HE染色、Fontana?Masson染色、Verhoeff?van Gieson染色,HMB45、NKI/beteb免疫组化及透射电镜观察。光镜下半定量及计算机图像定量分析。结果 黄褐斑组组织病理表现为以基底层、棘层为主的黑素颗粒增多,部分伴真皮黑素颗粒增加。黄褐斑组黑素细胞仅存在于表皮层,较正常皮肤黑素细胞数量无增加,但表皮层黑素细胞体积增大,染色强度增加,树突增多。8例黄褐斑患者均在真皮浅层及毛细血管周围观察到轻到中度的淋巴细胞浸润,8例黄褐斑患者均在真皮浅层观察到轻到中度的毛细血管扩张。电镜：黄褐斑组黑素细胞,角质形成细胞内都含有更多黑素小体,此外,还观察到黑素细胞树突伸入到真皮层。结论 8例黄褐斑患者中,仅有表皮型和混合型（表皮真皮型）2型,无单纯真皮型黄褐斑。炎症反应、毛细血管扩张可能引发或加重黄褐斑。     

拉坦前列素对大鼠毛发生长影响的实验研究

目的:明确拉坦前列素对毛发生长的影响并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:对28只(雌雄各半)SPF级SD大鼠局部剃毛后外用不同浓度拉坦前列素,采用自身对照法,观察局部毛发生长的变化,并取局部皮肤HE染色,镜下观察单位面积毛囊数、真皮浅层毛细血管。采用免疫组织化学染色方法和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测局部组织TGF-β1的表达情况。结果:(1)外用高浓度拉坦前列素的鼠毛比对照部的毛长,毛囊密度比对照部分高;(2)各组真皮浅层毛细血管数量和形态均无显著差别。(3)免疫组化染色和RT-PCR可见TGF-β1在生长初期毛发表达减少。结论:拉坦前列素可促进大鼠局部毛发生长,增加毛发密度,其作用与药物浓度有关。其机制可能与下调TGF-β1的表达有关。     

师生恋的伦理透析及应对策略分析

师生恋的背后可能是教师对学生诱骗、性骚扰、性侵的本质。师生恋也往往充斥着非法交易,因此社会各界不乐见师生恋带来的不良影响。国际上基本都禁止师生恋的发生,我国也须加强对师生恋的立法,加强对在校女大学生的保护。     

Apoptosis, the dermatologist, the venereologist and the patient

Apoptosis is the genetically mediated process whereby individual cells determine their deletion from normal and diseased tissues. Deregulation of apoptosis occurs to a greater or lesser extent in malignant tumours and in certain skin diseases, and also largely accounts for the progressive depletion of CD4⁺ lymphocytes in HIV infection. Greater understanding of apoptosis modulation by oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes such as c-myc. Fas, p53, bcl-2, and abl will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases.     

On the physiology and biochemistry of the scalp and hair lipids

Analyses were made of the scalp and hair lipids of 67 test persons. These were the most important results: 1. Seborrhoea is caused on one hand by a high secretion performance of the sebaceous glands. A further cause is that a longer period of time passes before a constant lipid amount is established. 2. There was an average of 19.32% of free fatty acids in the scalp and hair lipids on the 1st day after the hair was washed, and 38.68% on the 10th day. These results allow an assessment of the physiological significance of microbial lipolysis outside the secretory ducts of the sebaceous glands. 3. On the hairy head the percentage of free fatty acids in the scalp and hair lipids is independent of the amount of lipids. Such a difference in the concentration of fatty acids as is found between seborrhoea oleosa and seborrhoea sicca on hairless skin can not be found on the hairy head.     

Osler and the skin

William Osler was the greatest physician of his time. Specialists reading his textbooks agreed that in their own specialities he was accurate and illuminating. His grasp of dermatology was particularly striking and skin changes are prominent in five of the syndromes named after him and in at least 100 of his papers. This paper describes how his early training in dermatology under Tilbury Fox in London and Hebra in Vienna combined with his unusual personal qualities to enable him to make massive contributions to a wide variety of dermatological topics. These include smallpox, cutaneous tuberculosis, nail growth, leprosy, scleroderma, pigmentation and purpuric eruptions as well as the more obvious hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, angio-neurotic oedema and Osler's nodes.     

Oestrogens and the skin

Oestrogen loss at the menopause has a profound influence on skin. Oestrogen treatment in post-menopausal women has repeatedly been shown to increase collagen content, dermal thickness and elasticity. Data on the effect of oestrogen on skin water content are also promising. Further, physiological studies on oestrogen and wound healing suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may play a beneficial role in cutaneous injury repair. Results of the effect of HRT on other physiological characteristics of skin, such as elastin content, sebaceous secretions, wrinkling and blood flow, are discordant. Given the responsiveness of skin to oestrogen, the effects of HRT on ageing skin require further examination and careful molecular studies will probably clarify oestrogen's effects at the cellular level.     

Bleomycin and the skin

Bleomycin is frequently used as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat various kinds of malignancy. However, the cytotoxic effects of bleomycin cause a number of adverse responses, in particular in the lung and the skin. Bleomycin is used by dermatologists as a treatment for various skin cancers, recalcitrant warts, keloid and hypertrophic scars. This article discusses the use of bleomycin for various skin disorders, as well as the risk factors and cutaneous side-effects resulting from its use.     

Aging skin and food supplements: the myth and the truth

The frenzied rhythm of our times leads our patients not only to resource to diet integrators—remorselessly overcoming difficulties or prejudices—to fulfill increasingly frequent nutritional needs due to decreasingly “correct” eating habits, but also to fight against a myriad of skin conditions. The rationale of a combined approach for the antiaging treatment of skin is based on the synergic effect between functional substances applied locally, where the problem arises, and other agents working from the inside to correct a need, to restore altered functions or conditions and to guarantee the correct intake of nutrients or active substances. This work discusses the active ingredients mostly used in the oral treatment of skin aging, together with the scientific evidences that do or do not support their use.