青少年健康相关危险行为问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制青少年健康相关危险行为问卷(AHRBI)并检验其信效度。方法:在文献分析的基础上,并结合前期实证研究结果,确定健康相关危险行为的6个维度。在长沙、苏州、成都和银川四地以班级为单位,共调查普通中学初一至高三的学生5755名(其中男生2997名);另外方便抽取长沙附近3所特训学校学生323名[平均年龄(15±2)岁,男生256名]。采用Zuckerman-Kuhlman人格量表(ZKPQ)中的冲动感觉寻求(ISS)和攻击敌意(AH)两个分量表以及Barratt冲动量表(BIS)作为效标。从普通中学学生样本中,分别抽取329人和347人间隔4周和8周后进行重测。结果:通过项目分析确定38个条目,每个分量表5～10个。除健康妥协行为的Cronbachα系数为0.40外,其他5个分量表的Cronbachα系数均在0.75以上。全量表及各分量表间隔4周和8周的重测系数分别在0.55～0.80和0.53～0.76之间。验证性因素分析显示,二阶单因子模型的各拟合指标分别为S-Bχ2=3933.23,df=623,NNFI=0.88,CFI=0.89,RM SEA(90%CI)=0.029(0.029,0.031)。效标关联效度分析显示攻击暴力、破坏纪律和吸烟饮酒得分与效标间的相关系数在0.06～0.43之间,而无保护性行为、自杀自残和健康妥协与效标间的相关系数在-0.06～0.27之间。特训学校学生在所有6个分量表上的得分高于普通中学学生(Cohen's d值在0.67至2.88之间)。结论:本研究编制的青少年健康相关危险行为问卷包含38个条目测查6个方面的危险行为,具有较好的心理测量学特性。     

受歧视和欺凌对艾滋病孤儿健康危险行为的影响：自尊的中介作用

目的:探讨受歧视和欺凌对凉山州艾滋病孤儿健康危险行为的影响,以及自尊在其中的中介作用。方法:采用受歧视量表、受欺凌量表、自尊量表、自杀风险量表和问题行为量表,对凉山州2554名青少年进行测量,其中单孤594人,双孤104人,非孤1829人。结果:(1)受歧视和欺凌与健康危险行为呈显著正相关,与自尊呈显著负相关,自尊与健康危险行为呈显著负相关。(2)自尊在受歧视和欺凌对健康危险行为的预测中起部分中介作用。结论:受歧视和欺凌既直接影响艾滋病孤儿的健康危险行为,又通过影响自尊间接作用于健康危险行为。     

性态度量表中文版在中国青少年中应用的信效度检验

目的:检验性态度量表中文版(Attitudes Toward Sexuality Scale,ATSS)在中国青少年人群中应用的信度和效度。方法:用ATSS中文版对697名12-19岁的青少年施测。在所有样本中抽取100人间隔2个月实施重测。另筛查出53名已经发生过无保护性行为的青少年进行测试。同时测查了青春期性心理健康量表、青少年健康相关危险行为问卷(AHBRI)、Barratt冲动量表(BIS)以及美国CDC青少年危害健康监测系统(YRBSS)无保护性行为分量表,进行效标效度的验证。结果:ATSS中文版总分的Cronbach’sα系数为0.72;重测信度为0.86;条目间平均相关系数为0.17;已发生过无保护性行为的青少年ATSS总分高于普通青少年。验证性因子分析显示:一阶单因子模型的拟合指标最好,各拟合指标分别为x2/df=4.54,CFI=0.91,NFI=0.89,TLI=0.90,IFI=0.92,GFI=0.93,AGFI=0.90,RMSEA=0.07。ATSS中文版总分与青春期性心理健康量表总分及性观念、性态度因子的Pearson相关系数分别为0.16、0.29和-0.35;与AHBRI总分和无保护性行为分量表的相关系数分别为0.32和0.19;与BIS中文版总分的相关系数为0.24;与YRBSS无保护性行为分量表得分的相关系数为0.21。结论:性态度量表中文版具有较好的信效度,适合在中国文化背景下使用。     

无聊与青少年问题性移动社交网络使用：多重中介模型

目的:探讨无聊与青少年问题性移动社交网络使用的关系,以及交往焦虑、自我控制、娱乐消遣在无聊与问题性移动社交网络使用行为间的作用机制。方法:采用多维状态无聊量表(中文版)、交往焦虑量表、自我控制量表、移动社交网络使用动机问卷和青少年问题性移动社交网络使用行为评估问卷,按照分层整群取样方法选取全国11所中学和大学的2872名学生进行调查,采用SPSS18.0进行统计分析,使用偏差校正非参数百分位Bootstrap置信区间法检验中介作用的显著性。结果:(1)无聊、交往焦虑、娱乐消遣与问题性移动社交网络使用间均存在显著正向相关,而自我控制与问题性移动社交网络使用间存在显著负向相关。(2)无聊、交往焦虑和娱乐消遣对问题性使用行为均具有显著正向预测作用,而自我控制对问题性使用行为具有显著负向预测作用。(3)交往焦虑、自我控制和娱乐消遣动机在无聊与问题性使用行为关系间均存在中介作用,无聊对问题性使用行为的影响通过多条中介路径发生作用,其中无聊→自我控制→问题性社交网络使用的中介效应量最大。结论:无聊对青少年问题性移动社交网络使用的影响,通过自我控制、交往焦虑、娱乐消遣动机的中介作用实现。     

网络成瘾青少年的心理特点研究

目的:对青少年网络成瘾的相关心理因素进行综合评估,探讨青少年网络成瘾的心理学病因.方法:以网络成瘾诊断问卷、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、UCLA孤独量表、内在性、有势力的他人及机遇量表和田纳西自我概念量表为工具,依照随机整群抽样原则,在长沙市的三所大学中抽取605名大中专学生作为被试进行调查.结果:①所测被试中,网络成瘾65人,检出率为10.7%.②网络成瘾青少年具有较高的神经质和精神质,较低的掩饰性,孤独感更强,自我概念较消极,外控性更高.结论:情绪不稳定和行为冲动的个性特征、孤独感、外控倾向及消极自我概念对青少年网络成瘾有显著影响.     

Barratt冲动量表中文版用于中学生的信度、效度分析

目的:分析和探索Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)的信度和效度。方法:对396名高中学生进行Barratt冲动量表测查,并间隔一个月进行重测,对获取的数据进行相关分析和因素分析。结果:BIS-11量表内部一致性系数为0.80;重测信度0.81;与RBQ-A(青少年危险行为问卷)、RAPI(酒精使用问卷)冲动危险因子显著相关;验证性因素分析(CFA)显示此样本两个二阶因子拟合程度较好。结论:BIS-11是一个比较好的评估冲动行为的工具。     

品行障碍青少年冲动性人格在抑郁与攻击行为间的中介作用

目的:探讨品行障碍青少年的冲动性人格在抑郁与攻击之间的中介作用。方法:采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、攻击量表(AQ)、Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)对45名品行障碍青少年和63名健康青少年进行调查。结果:品行障碍患者的抑郁、冲动人格和攻击性显著高于健康对照组。相关分析发现,在品行障碍组中抑郁、冲动性人格与攻击呈显著正相关;路径分析表明品行障碍组中冲动性人格在抑郁与攻击间起着完全中介作用,健康对照组中该中介作用不存在。结论:品行障碍患者的抑郁症状可能对攻击没有直接作用,而是通过冲动性人格的完全中介作用间接影响攻击行为。     

青少年双元孝道信念与情绪行为问题的关系

目的 情绪行为问题是当代青少年社会适应不良的重要表现.本研究基于双元孝道模型,探究双元孝道信念对高中生情绪行为问题的影响.方法 采用双元孝道信念量表,长处与困难量表对922名高中生进行问卷调查.结果 ①相互性孝道对高中生情绪行为问题具有显著的负向预测作用;②权威性孝道对高中生情绪行为问题具有显著的正向预测作用.结论 本...     

父母控制对青少年抑郁的直接和间接效应

目的:探讨父母控制的不同形式(行为控制、心理控制)与青少年抑郁的联系,并检验青少年基本心理需要满足在其中的中介作用。方法:采用父母控制问卷、基本心理需要满足量表以及儿童抑郁调查表(中文版)对703名青少年进行测查。结果:1行为控制对抑郁具有显著的负向预测作用,心理控制对抑郁具有显著的正向预测作用;2行为控制通过促进基本心理需要满足进而减少青少年抑郁,心理控制通过阻碍基本心理需要满足进而增加青少年抑郁。结论:父母控制的不同形式对青少年抑郁具有不同的影响,基本心理需要满足在二者之间起中介作用。     

品行障碍青少年的焦虑与攻击性行为的关系：冲动性人格的中介作用(英文)

目的:探讨品行障碍青少年中冲动性人格在焦虑与攻击之间的中介作用。方法:采用儿童多维焦虑问卷(MASC)、攻击量表(AQ)、Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)对45名品行障碍青少年和63名健康青少年进行调查。结果:品行障碍患者中,焦虑、冲动人格和攻击性显著高于健康对照组。相关分析发现,在品行障碍组中焦虑、冲动性人格与攻击呈显著正相关;路径分析表明品行障碍组中冲动性人格在焦虑与攻击间起着完全中介作用,健康对照组中中介作用则不显著。结论:研究结果提示品行障碍患者的焦虑症状可能对攻击行为没有直接作用,而是通过冲动性人格的完全中介作用间接影响攻击行为。     

The Sexual Adolescent who is Mentally Retarded

Adolescents who are mentally retarded are described; the currenttrend of accepting them as social-sexual persons in comparisonto past practices of suppressing their freedom because theyare sexual is discussed. The importance of sex education isemphasized; it should be included in a broader program of preparationfor skills in social living because of the recent innovationsin mainstreaming the mentally retarded individual into the community.Issues on birth control are discussed and methods of teachingsex education outlined.     

Some Problems of Sexual Growth in Adolescent Underprivileged Unwed Black Girls

The adolescent female experiences many problems associated with sexual growth. These are greatly compounded in underprivileged black girls, particularly the unwed. Meharry Medical College has established comprehensive programs for the management of special health problems involving adolescent girls. This study presents an overview and statistical study of the psychological and psychosocial forces that confront these underprivileged girls.     

Exploring Associations in Developmental Trends of Adolescent Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior in a High-Risk Population

This study examined associations between the development of adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use and risky sexual behavior, over time, using latent growth modeling methodology. Gender differences in the development and relationships between use of substances and risky sexual behavior were also examined. Participants were 257 adolescents (mean age = 15.96 years) assessed at three time points over an 18-month period. The intercepts of marijuana with cigarettes and alcohol, and all three substances with risky sexual behavior were significantly related. Development of the three substances showed similar patterns and development of cigarette use covaried with development of risky sexual behavior. There were no significant differences for boys and girls in these relationships. Results are discussed in relation to the need for greater understanding of nonsexual and sex-related problem behaviors and for analyses examining development and change in these behaviors during adolescence.     

Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Revictimization

Research identifying rates and effects of adult/adolescent sexual revictimization among child sexual abuse victims was reviewed. Approximately one-third of child sexual abuse victims report experiencing repeated victimization. Child sexual abuse victims have a 2 to 3 times greater risk of adult revictimization than women without a history of child sexual abuse. Physical contact in abuse and revictimization in adolescence were found to lead to the greatest risk of revictimization. Repeated victims had more symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and dissociation than women with a history of child sexual abuse alone. Theories of revictimization and mediating variables were also reviewed. Clearer definitions of repeated victimization are needed and future research should include studies that follow child sexual abuse victims prospectively.     

Adolescent health psychology

In this article, a biopsychosocial model of adolescent development is used as an organizing framework for a review of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention research with adolescent populations. During adolescence many critical health behaviors emerge, affecting future disease outcomes in adulthood. In addition, most of the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescence are unique to this period of development, indicating that health-focused interventions must be tailored specifically to adolescents. Moreover, it is during adolescence that lifelong patterns of self-management of and adjustment to chronic health conditions are established. Thus, an increased focus on adolescence in health psychology research is important both to improve the health of adolescents per se and to optimize health trajectories into adulthood.     

Parental Non-verbal Sexual Communication: Its Relationship to Sexual Behaviour and Sexual Guilt

The study explores the link between remembered non-verbal sexual communication in the home, current sexual behaviours and feelings of sexual guilt, among a sample of young British men and women. Non-verbal sexual communication encapsulates: openness about nudity in the home; the showing of affection between parents; signs of parental sexual activity and contraceptive use; and intimation of mother's menstruation. One hundred and thirty-seven young adults completed questionnaires measuring remembered parental non-verbal sexual communication, current sexual behaviour and sexual guilt. Higher levels of parental non-verbal sexual communication were found to be linked to: earlier onset of sexual activity, fewer sexual partners and lower feelings of aspects of sexual guilt. The findings are discussed in terms of how to advance this area of study.