脊柱胸腰段骨折的影像学表现

目的：探讨常规X线平片、CT及MRI三种影像学检查手段在脊柱胸腰段骨折中的诊断价值。方法：对131例脊柱胸腰段骨折患的X线平片、CT和MRI资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果：本组131例，151个椎体骨折，共198个骨折部位，其中83例合并椎管狭窄，73例合并脊髓损伤。结论：在脊柱胸腰段骨折影像学检查中，常规X线平片能同时检出多段椎骨骨折，并对脊柱稳定性有初步预测；CT扫描能清晰显示骨折细节，准确判断骨折类型和椎管狭窄程度；MRI检查对脊髓损伤显示最佳。三种检查方法互补性强。     

胸椎椎板倾斜角在胸椎黄韧带骨化中的解剖学意义

目的:探讨胸椎椎板倾斜角在胸椎黄韧带骨化中的解剖学意义。方法:(1)正常干燥胸椎标本(T1￣T12)20具,在棘突与椎板交界处用量角器测量椎板后表面与椎体水平面的夹角即椎板倾斜角,分析其分布规律;(2)计数22例胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者的骨化节段数,观察其分布情况。比较两者分布情况。(3)将黄韧带与相邻椎板视为“椎板-黄韧带-椎板复合体”,分析黄韧带在不同椎板倾斜角时受力。结果:胸椎椎板倾斜角以T7￣T10为波谷段,胸椎黄韧带骨化以T8￣T10为波峰段,两者分布具有相关性,椎板倾斜角最小的下胸段与黄韧带骨化好发部位一致。黄韧带受轴向牵拉力为F·sinα,在椎板垂直的理想状态下黄韧带受力为F,α越大,黄韧带受到的张力越小。结论:胸椎椎板倾斜角和黄韧带所受张力可能是胸椎黄韧带骨化多发于下胸段的解剖学和力学因素之一。     

退行性腰椎滑脱的影像诊断评价

目的比较X线,CT,MRI在退行性腰椎滑脱中诊断的价值。方法回顾性对比经X线、CT、MRI检查确诊的60例退行性腰椎滑脱患者图片资料。结果三种方法均可对退行性腰椎滑脱作出定性诊断。X线对诊断滑脱的程度价值较大,CT能直观地反映出滑脱后椎管的形态,还可显示硬膜囊在椎体后弓之间受压及侧隐窝狭窄、关节突增生、硬化、椎间关节积气及黄韧带肥厚、椎间盘突出。MRI对显示骨结构,钙化不如CT,但可显示椎间盘、椎间关节、椎管、椎间孔、硬膜囊的改变。而且还可在矢状位上精确测量滑脱的程度。结论对退行性腰椎滑脱的影像诊断,普通X线平片作为常规检查,CT作为必要检查方法,MRI可以作为诊断补充检查手段。     

MRI在胸腰段骨折合并后侧韧带损伤中的诊断价值

目的　评估矢状面脂肪抑制 T2加权像 MRI在胸腰段骨折合并后侧韧带损伤中的诊断价值。方法　对 34例胸腰段骨折的患者 ,术前均进行了棘突间触诊、X线平片及 MRI等检查。除常规 MRI检查外 ,还增加了矢状面脂肪抑制 T2加权像。手术选择后侧入路 ,术中仔细探查后侧韧带的复合损伤。结果　 14例患者触诊发现棘突间距离增大 ,2 1例行 X线平片检查出现相同结果 ,30例 MRI检查高度怀疑后侧韧带复合损伤。根据 MRI的检查结果 ,2 7例患者疑有棘上韧带损伤 ,30例棘间韧带损伤 ,9例黄韧带损伤。术中探查发现 ,棘上韧带损伤 2 8例 ,棘间韧带损伤…     

颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病的再手术策略

目的 探讨颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病的手术治疗策略。方法 对2015年至2020年我院收治的13例颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病再手术治疗的患者进行回顾分析，采取颈椎前路Zero-P钢板固定术治疗8例单节段邻椎病，后路颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗5例2个节段邻椎病，采用JOA评分、VAS评分及NDI指数进行疗效评价，分析X线、CT或MRI影像学表现。结果 本组所有病例得到随访，平均随访11.6个月（6～24个月）。两种术式术后患者JOA评分、VAS评分、NDI指数均得到显著改善。颈椎前路Zero-P钢板术后内固定物位置良好，随访未见钢板螺钉松动，骨融合平均时间为7.6个月。颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗患者均未出现C5神经根麻痹、椎板再关门等并发症。结论颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病再手术方式的选择应遵循个体化原则，单节段邻椎病且不伴严重后纵韧带骨化，可选择前路减压融合Zero-P固定术；邻椎病变节段≥2处，可选择后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。     

影像学检查对急性脊柱损伤的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨、分析急性脊柱损伤的影像学检查特征,评估常规X线平片、CT及MR在诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析71例经X线平片、螺旋CT扫描及MR检查的脊柱损伤患者的病例.结果 CT与MR在显示椎间盘病变与椎体内细小骨折线优于X线平片,CT在显示椎弓与椎板骨折上优于X线平片与MR,MR在显示脊髓损伤上优于X线平片与CT.结论 X线平片是脊柱损伤的首选方法,但最好同时辅以CT检查,明确脊柱损伤的类型.对于怀疑有脊髓损伤的患者应及时进行MR检查.     

双开门椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病评价

目的:报道双开门式椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:观察和分析作者在1999～2001年期间,采用双开门式椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病35例患者。随访40.6个月(26～56个月)。比较患者术前术后的JOA评分和X线片及CT或MRI改变。结果:末次随访JOA评分改善率:优28.6％(10例),良37.1％(13例),一般22.9％(8例),差11.4％(4例)。JOA评分为(12.6±3.5)分(9～17分),与术前JOA评分情况比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。神经功能改善率为88.6％,优良率为65.7％。X线片及CT或MRI显示:术后椎管矢状径和椎管面积增加,两者与术前测量结果比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:双开门式椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病,可通过扩大颈椎管,使脊髓后移而获得减压;只要操作得当,可取得满意疗效。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化手术前后的护理

胸椎黄韧带骨化因其诊断困难,常被漏诊和误诊,但近年来已被人们逐渐认识并引起重视。该病主要累及椎板间连接组织——黄韧带发生增生肥厚、骨化,最终导致椎体边缘唇样增生,椎间隙变窄,从而引起椎管狭窄和脊髓的压迫性损害。本病多发生于东亚地区,日本报道较早,国内胸椎黄韧骨化仅有少数病例报告。本文总结我所1983～1994年手术治疗48例胸     

膝关节自发性骨坏死MR诊断及鉴别诊断研究

目的：探讨膝关节自发性骨坏死(SONK)的影像学表现。方法在临床和影像学资料,对20例确诊患者膝关节自发性骨坏死。均行膝关节MRI检查,行CT检查4例,行平片检查4例。结果MRI显示软骨病变,位于股骨髁负重的地方14例。这表明2例软骨下骨折裂隙综合征；显示软骨状长T1短T2信号,2例骨髓水肿在信号；显示软骨下焦稍长T1长T2信号10例。CT检查45例,清晰显示病变2例；X线平片检查4例,仅1例病变。结论MRI能显示膝关节自发性骨坏死病变比CT,X射线敏感。结合临床表现和MRI诊断可以。     

胎儿脊髓节段与脊柱位置关系的研究

目的 为研究个体发育年龄解剖学提供资料.方法 从胎儿背侧打开椎管,暴露脊髓,观察50例胎儿的脊髓节段与脊柱的位置关系.结果 各被观察脊髓节段下界的平均位置是:第4颈节平对第3颈椎(C_3);第8颈节平对第6～7颈椎间盘;第4胸节平对第3胸椎(T_3);第8胸节平对第7胸椎;第12胸节于对第10胸椎;第5腰节平对第12胸椎至第1腰椎间盘;脊髓末端在第2腰椎水平.结论 从胎儿到成人,脊髓下端的位置随着年龄的增长而逐渐上升.     

Recovery of responsiveness of cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

1. Recovery of responsiveness of single cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat has been determined in both P and I cells. There are three types of recovery curve among P cells; (a) early recovery, (b) early partial recovery followed by depression and then complete recovery, (c) prolonged depression followed by cyclic recovery. Type (c) is by far the commonest recovery curve. In contrast to the spike in a P cell, the synaptic potential recovers to its full amplitude in about 20 msec. All I cells exhibit similar rapid recovery curves after a prolonged depression.2. Conditioning stimuli applied to visual cortex also produce a prolonged depression in most P cells but I cells can be re-excited at short intervals from cortex. Decortication does not prevent the prolonged depression of the multineuronal response produced by optic nerve stimulation.3. A neuronal model is proposed to explain these observations. It is supposed that I cells (interneurones) are innervated by axon collaterals of the P cells (principal cells, projecting to visual cortex) and that the I cells exert an inhibitory influence on the P cells.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Analysis of two types of dopaminergic responses of neurons of the spinal ganglia of rats

It was established, in experiments on isolated spinal ganglia of adult rats in concluons of intracellular recording, that dopamine (1 M/liter) elicits depolarized responses in 61% of neurons, hyperpolarized in 20% of neurons, and depolarized-hyperpolarized in 19% of neurons. The depolarized responses are associated with the activation of D₁ dopamine receptors, and are governed by the shift of cAMP-dependent cation (sodium) channels to the conducting state. The hyperpolarized responses are triggered by the activation of D₂ dopamine receptors, which by means of HTP-binding protein convert the potassium channels to the conducting state. The change in the polarization of neurons with the action of dopamine influences their electrical excitability variously.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 739–745, June, 1990.