150例健康成人下颈椎矢状位曲度相关影像学参数测量及临床意义

目的　获取健康人群下颈椎矢状位曲度的相关基础参数,分析其临床意义。 方法　选取本院150例健康体检者的站立中立位颈椎侧位片,按照年龄及性别进行分组,测量下颈椎曲度（cervical spinal angle,CSA）、T1倾斜角（T1-slope,TS）、C2~7矢状位轴向距离（C2~7 sagittal vertical axis,C2~7 SVA）,并进行统计学分析。 结果　健康成人CSA、TS、C2~7 SVA分别为（20.28±6.86）°、（25.81±5.54）°、（15.74±5.96）mm。经独立样本t检验,男女组间CSA、TS有统计学差异（P<0.05）,C2~7 SVA无统计学差异（P>0.05）。单因素方差分析显示,CSA、TS、C2~7 SVA随年龄增长逐步增大,TS、C2~7 SVA在不同年龄段差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,女性不同年龄段CSA差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但男性各年龄段CSA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Person相关分析发现,TS与CSA（r=0.592,P<0.01）,TS与C2~7 SVA（r=0.308,P<0.01）呈正相关。 结论 健康人群CSA,TS存在性别差异,CSA,TS,C2~7 SVA随年龄增长呈现增大趋势;CSA,TS,C2~7 SVA的正常值及TS与CSA和C2~7 SVA正相关性,为颈椎手术中下颈椎矢状位曲度固定提供参考。     

Lenke5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸腰椎与骨盆参数的相关性

背景:目前对于Lenke5型主腰弯脊柱侧凸患者腰椎与骨盆的研究仅局限于冠状面及矢状面,尚未明确侧弯与骨盆间的三维关系。目的:分析Lenke5型主腰弯脊柱侧凸患者腰椎侧弯对骨盆的影响,研究腰椎与骨盆三维空间位置的相关性。方法:回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院3D打印接诊中心2019年1月至2023年9月收治的60例Lenke5型主腰弯脊柱侧凸患者的影像学数据,包括Cobb角、冠状骨盆倾斜、腰椎前凸角、左右骨盆髋骨宽度比值、脊柱旋转角度、骨盆倾斜、骶骨斜率、骨盆入射角、冠状畸形角比率、矢状畸形角比率、C7铅垂线与骶骨中垂线的距离、椎体顶点平移、冠状骶骨倾角,将信息汇总为数据库,运用SPSS 22.0软件采用Spearman相关性分析和线性回归分析Lenke5型主腰弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者腰椎与骨盆的相关数据。结果与结论:①Cobb角与冠状畸形角比率、椎体顶点平移距离、脊柱旋转角度呈高度正相关关系(r=0.91,r=0.841,r=0.736);②冠状畸形角比率与椎体顶点平移距离呈高度正相关关系(r=0.737),与C7铅垂线到骶骨中垂线的距离呈中度正相关关系(r=0.514),与矢状畸形角比率呈中度负相关关系(r=-0.595);③腰椎前凸角与矢状畸形角比率呈高度正相关关系(r=0.942),与冠状畸形角比率呈中度负相关关系(r=-0.554);④Cobb角与冠状骨盆倾斜角、冠状骶骨倾角呈中度正相关关系(r=0.522,r=0.534),C7铅垂线到骶骨中垂线的距离与冠状骨盆倾斜角呈中度正相关关系(r=0.507);椎体顶点平移距离与冠状骨盆倾斜角、冠状骶骨倾角呈中度正相关关系(r=0.507,r=0.506),腰椎前凸角与骶骨斜率、骨盆入射角呈中度正相关关系(r=0.512,r=0.538);矢状畸形角比率与骶骨斜率、骨盆入射角呈中度正相关关系(r=0.614,r=0.621);⑤结果发现腰椎与骨盆相对位置在水平面、矢状面、冠状面上息息相关,当腰椎出现侧凸、旋转时,骨盆的相对位置也会变化进行代偿,这表明矫正脊柱侧凸的同时,也不能忽略骨盆的矫正。     

正常青少年及青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者枕颈部矢状面形态相关研究

目的比较正常青少年与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者枕颈矢状面形态,探讨其枕颈矢状面形态与颈椎矢状面形态相关性。方法收集2012年3月—2014年3月在南京鼓楼医院脊柱外科入院治疗并符合入选标准的AIS患者80例（男14例,女66例）作为AIS组;正常青少年志愿者100名（男17名,女83名）作为对照组。在枕颈部侧位X线片上测量并记录枕骨入射角（OI）、枕骨斜率（OS）、枕骨倾斜角（OX）、上颈椎前凸角（C0-C2）、下颈椎前凸角（C2-C7）和颈椎前凸角（C0-C7）,比较对照组与AIS组枕颈参数差异及其与年龄、性别的关系,并分析枕颈参数与颈椎矢状面形态相关性。结果对照组OI、OS和OT分别为36．12°±2．55°（30°～44°）、26．34°±8．41°（15°-46°）和-10．06°±7．51°（-22°～11°）,AIS组OI、OS和OT分别为35．62°±3．01°（31°～42°）、24．27°±8．49°（7°-42°）和-11．52°±9．23°（-28°-10°）,两组枕颈部形态参数差异均无统计学意义（t分别为0．878、1．014、1．306,P值均〉0．05）,且不受年龄（≤14岁,〉14～18岁）、性别影响（P值均〉0．05）。对照组OI与C0-C2角和C0-C7角显著相关（r=0．307和r=0．298,P值均〈0．05）,OS和OT分别与C2-C7角和C0-C7角显著相关（r=0．402和r=0．560、r=0．428和r=0．550,P值均〈0．05）;而AIS组仅OI和OS与C0-C2角存在显著相关性（r=0．532和r=0．620,P值均〈0．05）。结论正常青少年和AIS患者的枕颈参数无显著差异,且不受年龄与性别影响。正常青少年OI、OS和OT与颈椎矢状面形态显著相关,而AIS患者枕颈部矢状面形态仅与其上颈椎矢状面形态密切相关。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯矢状位平衡与足底压力的相关性

目的 探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧弯（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, AIS）矢状位平衡与足底压力之间的相关性。方法 选取40名符合标准的AIS患者。对每位患者在X线片拍摄后进行足底压力测试。矢状位参数测量包括腰椎前凸（lumbar lordosis,LL）、胸椎后凸（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、脊柱骶骨角（spine sacral angle,SSA）和C7矢状位垂直距离（C7 sagittal vertical axis,C7 SVA）。足底压力参数测量包括双脚前后足的接触面积和压力占比。分析矢状位参数与足底压力参数之间的相关性。结果 矢状位参数之间,LL与SS、PI、PT、SSA均有相关性;PI与SS、PT、SSA均有相关性;SS与SSA强相关;C7 SVA与SSA有相关性。在主弯侧,LL与后足及整足的接触面积呈负相关,与后足及整足的压力占比呈正相关;TK与前足压力占比呈负相关;PT与前、后足及整足接触面积均呈正相关。其他矢状位参数如SS、PI、SSA及C7 SVA与足底压力无关。在主弯对侧,矢状位参数与足底压力均无相关性。结论 在AIS中,矢状位平衡参数与足底压力分布密切相关,尤其是矢状位参数LL、TK、PT与足底压力指标最相关。     

术前颈椎过伸功能与颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后前凸角度丢失的关系

目的 探讨术前颈椎过伸功能与颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后前凸角度丢失的关系。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学大兴教学医院骨科2017年1月-2018年12月58例行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者临床资料,其中男45例、女13例,年龄49~85岁(平均64.8岁)。术前测量患者中立侧位X线片上的T₁倾斜角、矢状面垂直轴(SVA),以及中立侧位、过伸位X线片的C₂~C₇ Cobb角。随访12~24个月,术后再次测量中立侧位X线片上的C₂~C₇ Cobb角。术前颈椎过伸功能测量值为术前过伸位X线片C₂~C₇ Cobb角度减去术前中立侧位X线片C₂~C₇ Cobb角。前凸角度丢失量为术前中立侧位片C₂~C₇ Cobb角减去末次随访时中立侧位片C₂~C₇ Cobb角。依据58例患者术前颈椎过伸功能均值(8.7°)分为两组,≥8.7°为A组,＜8.7°为 B 组。比较两组患者术前及术后影像及临床资料,同时对58例患者的影像学资料与临床资料进行相关性分析。结果 A组25例患者年龄54~83岁,B组33例患者年龄49~85岁,两组患者术前年龄、性别、疾病种类差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。术前A组颈椎过伸功能(14.09°±4.75°)大于B组(4.62°±2.54°),A组T₁倾斜角(17.00°±3.40°)小于B组(29.68°±6.34°),颈椎前凸角度丢失[1.10(-0.85,4.00)]小于B组[8.60 (7.70,12.40)],差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。颈椎过伸功能与前凸角度丢失之间呈负相关(r=-0.965, P＜0.01),T₁倾斜角与前凸角度丢失之间呈正相关(r=0.954, P＜0.01),颈椎过伸功能与T₁倾斜角呈负相关(r=-0.900, P＜0.01);SVA与T₁倾斜角、颈椎过伸功能、术后前凸角度丢失均无相关性(r=-0.065、0.216、-0.202, P＞0.05)。术后JOA评分改善率与过伸角度变化、SVA及T₁倾斜角均无相关性(r=0.201、-0.034、-0.213, P值均＞0.05)。A组术后JOA改善率为69%±23%,B 组术后JOA改善率为62%±23%,两组差异无统计学意义(t=1.147, P＞0.05)。术后Odom's分级评价A组优良率为88.0%(22/25),B组优良率为63.6%(21/33),差异有统计学意义(χ² =4.403, P<0.05)。结论 对于后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者,颈椎过伸功能与前凸角度丢失存在相关性,术前过伸功能越低,术后越易发生前凸角度丢失,可作为术前预判术后颈椎曲度变化的参数之一。     

150例健康成人下颈椎矢状位曲度相关影像学参数测量及临床意义

目的　获取健康人群下颈椎矢状位曲度的相关基础参数,分析其临床意义。 方法　选取本院150例健康体检者的站立中立位颈椎侧位片,按照年龄及性别进行分组,测量下颈椎曲度（cervical spinal angle,CSA）、T1倾斜角（T1-slope,TS）、C2~7矢状位轴向距离（C2~7 sagittal vertical axis,C2~7 SVA）,并进行统计学分析。 结果　健康成人CSA、TS、C2~7 SVA分别为（20.28±6.86）°、（25.81±5.54）°、（15.74±5.96）mm。经独立样本t检验,男女组间CSA、TS有统计学差异（P<0.05）,C2~7 SVA无统计学差异（P>0.05）。单因素方差分析显示,CSA、TS、C2~7 SVA随年龄增长逐步增大,TS、C2~7 SVA在不同年龄段差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,女性不同年龄段CSA差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但男性各年龄段CSA差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Person相关分析发现,TS与CSA（r=0.592,P<0.01）,TS与C2~7 SVA（r=0.308,P<0.01）呈正相关。 结论 健康人群CSA,TS存在性别差异,CSA,TS,C2~7 SVA随年龄增长呈现增大趋势;CSA,TS,C2~7 SVA的正常值及TS与CSA和C2~7 SVA正相关性,为颈椎手术中下颈椎矢状位曲度固定提供参考。     

无标记X射线片评价特发性脊柱侧凸不同大小Cobb角的一致性

背景:Cobb角测量是影响特发性脊柱侧凸King、Lenke和PUMC分型一致性的重要因素之一。文献报道冠状面Cobb角测量一致性较好。但是,纳入研究的Cobb角范围较大,无法对比研究,亦无曲度大小对Cobb角测量一致性影响的报道。目的:分析特发性脊柱侧凸曲度对Cobb角测量一致性的影响。方法:4名骨科医师独立测量53例特发性脊柱侧凸患者的94个冠状面曲度,包括53个胸弯和41个胸腰弯/腰弯,2周后打乱排序重新测量。应用组间相关系数判定可靠性和可重复性。结果与结论:94个侧凸角度测量误差平均7.3°(2°~27°),一致性极佳,可信度及可重复性分别为0.972(95%可信区间0.962~0.980)和0.961~0.977。45°~70°组41个侧凸,角度测量误差平均6.4°(2°~14°),一致性最佳,可信度0.960(95%可信区间0.935~0.977),可重复性0.914~0.930。20°~45°组31个侧凸,角度测量误差平均6.5°(2°~13°);70°组31个侧凸,角度测量误差平均10.1°(3°~27°)。两组均取得了好到极佳的可信度[0.933和0.926,95%可信区间(0.884~0.965和0.865~0.965)]和可重复性(0.854~0.912和0.864~0.950)。提示不同大小冠状面Cobb角的一致性结果相近,且角度越大,测量误差对一致性的影响越小。     

退行性颈椎病矢状位曲度参数与颈肩部肌肉痛阈的相关性

背景：退行性颈椎病患者一般存在颈椎曲度改变、颈肩部肌肉力量的不平衡及力量下降。目的：探讨退行性颈椎病矢状位曲度参数与颈肩部肌肉痛阈的相关性。方法：将2022年1月至2023年3月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院3D打印门诊中心收治的50例退行性颈椎病患者纳入研究，剔除颈椎X射线侧位片不符合测量条件的10例，拍摄颈椎侧位X射线片，测量Borden值、C_2-7 Cobb角，并测量双侧上束斜方肌中点和C_5-6棘突间旁1 cm处的疼痛阈值；分析退行性颈椎病矢状位曲度参数与颈肩部肌肉痛阈的相关性。结果与结论：(1)颈椎病矢状位曲度Borden值与左侧斜方肌上束痛阈、右侧斜方肌上束痛阈、C_5-6棘突间旁左侧1 cm痛阈呈中等正相关关系(r=0.498,P <0.01;r=0.448,P <0.05;r=0.405,P <0.05)，与C_5-6棘突间旁右侧1 cm痛阈呈弱正相关关系(r=0.322,P <0.05)；(2)C_2-7 Cobb角与左侧斜方肌痛阈呈弱正...     

不同体位对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的腰椎前凸改变的影响

目的观察单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（T—AIS）患者和单腰弯AIS（L—AIS）患者的腰椎前凸（LL）在平卧位下的改变,量化评估平卧位对LL的影响,并评估站立位冠状面腰弯是否影响平卧位LL的变化趋势。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2012年12月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行手术治疗的女性AIS患者的临床资料,其中T—AIS50例,L—AIS44例。T—AIS患者的平均年龄为（14．95±2．82）岁,术前平均Cobb角为47．19°±10．43°;L—AIS患者的平均年龄（15．22±2．28）岁,术前平均Cobb角为48．12°±9．29°,两组患者的年龄及Cobb角的差异均无统计学意义（t=0．506、P=0．614及t=0．439、P=0．661）。脊柱侧凸患者存在支具治疗史,神经肌源性疾病、内分泌紊乱、骨骼发育不良、神经系统异常、结缔组织病或智力异常均被排除。所有患者均在术前摄站立位全脊柱侧位X线片及平卧位腰椎侧位X线片。在站立位及平卧位侧位X线片上测量LL。采用Pearson相关性分析分别分析T—AIS和L—AIS患者站立位和平卧位LL的相关性;分别对T—AIS和L—AIS患者站立位和平卧位LL的差值（△LL）进行一般统计学分析,并使用独立样本t检验评估两组患者站立位LL、平卧位LL及ALL之间的差异。以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果T—AIS患者的站立位LL为50．49°±8．73°,显著大于平卧位状态下的40．79°±9．89°（t=5．199,P〈0．01）;L—AIS患者的站立位LL（51．95°±13．49°）和平卧位LL（36．37°±11．82°）的差异有统计学意义（t=5．762,P〈0．01）。虽然两组患者问站立位LL的差异（t’=-0．614）和平卧位LL（t=1．974）的差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）,但是L-AIS患者的ALL（9．70°±9．34°）大于T—AIS患者的ALL（15．58°±12．42°）,差异有统计学意义（t=2．613,P=0．011）。Person相关性分析显示,T—AIS和L?     

10～12岁儿童胸椎关节突关节角三维数字化研究及临床意义

目的通过薄层CT扫描和三维重建后测量,探索10~12岁儿童胸椎关节突关节角的形态特征和增龄变化规律,为临床胸椎关节相关疾病的早期诊治和预防提供理论依据。方法选取无骨质破坏、畸形、骨折、肿瘤等椎骨形态结构未发生改变及既往未行脊柱相关手术的10~12岁儿童30例,行多排螺旋CT薄层扫描(0.625~1.25 mm),范围T_1~T_(12),将原始数据以DICOM格式导入三维重建软件进行相关指标测量及统计分析。结果关节突矢状位角在侧别间相差均在10°以内,上关节突矢状位角在T_1、T_(11)、T_(12)间、下关节突矢状位角在T_3、T_4、T_9、T_(10)和T_(12)间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)外,余差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。关节突冠状位角在侧别间差异比较均无统计学意义(P0.05),上下关节突冠状位角总体呈"尖峰状"趋势,最大值位于T7~T9。上关节突水平位角侧别间仅在T2、T_4、T8、T_10和T_(12)间、下关节突水平位角则在T_7间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),上关节突水平位角无论左右侧,其在上胸段走势平稳,下胸段则呈递减趋势,下关节突水平位角侧别间除个别椎序外,也总体呈递减趋势,二者均在T_(11)和T_(12)中出现负角。结论 10~12岁儿童胸椎关节突关节角(冠状位角、矢状位角和水平位角)可直观地反映胸椎关节突随年龄增长的发育规律,验证了胸椎关节突关节角从颈椎的近水平位逐渐到胸椎的近冠状位,再到腰椎的近矢状位这一发育规律,且关节突关节角左右侧基本对称,其角度差值均小于10°。     

汉族男性青年志愿者不同体位脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化的影像学研究

目的 对比汉族青年男性志愿者站立位、直立坐位和自然坐位X线的脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数差异,评估骨盆旋转对矢状位平衡的影响。方法 采用横断面研究。2017年9—10月,在南京鼓楼医院骨科的研究生中招募志愿者32人,均为汉族男性,年龄23～27(24.8±1.6)岁,身高171～185(176.4±5.3)cm,体质量57.7～88.4(69.5±8.6)kg,体质量指数(BMI)21.2～24.7(22.5±2.3)kg/m²。应用EOS-X线成像系统,采用垂直扫描方式,人体全长影像一次扫描成像,结合常用的拍摄方式进行站立位、直立坐位、自然坐位拍摄。影像学测量参数包括胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)以及脊柱的矢状位偏移(SVA)、T₁骨盆角(TPA)。采用配对样本t检验比较不同体位时影像学参数的变化情况,对脊柱-骨盆参数之间关系采用Pearson相关性分析。结果 32名志愿者,站立位时PI、PT、SS、LL、TK、SVA、TPA 分别为49.06°±6.22°、13.38°±6.06°、35.03°±2.32°、-47.16°±7.64°、32.22°±9.74°、(3.29±13.64)mm、9.47°±5.26°,直立坐位时分别为48.22°±6.07°、29.06°±10.35°、18.84°±5.90°、-26.38°±8.45°、31.78°±9.95°、(34.73±13.62)mm、26.06°±8.71°,自然坐位时分别为49.22°±6.20°、40.50°±10.42°、9.84°±4.87°、-4.03°±6.14°、31.69°±9.73°、(63.37±13.70)mm、49.66°±11.22°。与站立位各参数值比较,直立坐位与自然坐位PT、SVA、TPA增加,SS、LL减少;与直立坐位比较,自然坐位PT、SVA、TPA增加,SS、LL减少:差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数之间的Pearson相关性分析结果显示:(1)站立位时,PI与PT、LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,PT与LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,LL与TK、TPA呈相关性,TK与TPA呈相关性;(2)直立坐位时,PI与PT、SS、LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,PT与SS、LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,SS与LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,LL与TK、TPA呈相关性,TK与TPA呈相关性;(3)自然坐位时,PI与PT、SS、LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,PT与SS、LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,SS与LL、TK、TPA呈相关性,LL与TK、TPA呈相关性。这些相关性差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。结论 正常汉族青年男性从站立位到直立坐位、直立坐位到自然坐位的过程中,LL减小,SVA、TPA显著增大,提示躯干矢状位平衡轴前移、骨盆向后旋转。脊柱参数与骨盆参数存在一定的相关性,骨盆的位置改变可以影响到脊柱的序列与平衡。     

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Alters Whole-Spine Sagittal Alignment

Purpose

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has become a common spine procedure, however, there have been no previous studies on whole spine alignment changes after cervical fusion. Our purpose in this study was to determine whole spine sagittal alignment and pelvic alignment changes after ACDF.

Materials and Methods

Forty-eight patients who had undergone ACDF from January 2011 to December 2012 were enrolled in this study. Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and pelvic parameters were measured preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and Neck Disability Index (NDI) values.

Results

Forty-eight patients were grouped according to operative method (cage only, cage & plate), operative level (upper level: C3/4 & C4/5; lower level: C5/6 & C6/7), and cervical lordosis (high lordosis, low lordosis). All patients experienced significant improvements in VAS scores and NDI values after surgery. Among the radiologic parameters, pelvic tilt increased and sacral slope decreased at 12 months postoperatively. Only the high cervical lordosis group showed significantly-decreased cervical lordosis and a shortened SVA postoperatively. Correlation tests revealed that cervical lordosis was significantly correlated with SVA and that SVA was significantly correlated with pelvic tilt and sacral slope.

Conclusion

ACDF affects whole spine sagittal alignment, especially in patients with high cervical lordosis. In these patients, alteration of cervical lordosis to a normal angle shortened the SVA and resulted in reciprocal changes in pelvic tilt and sacral slope.     

Segmental patterns of sagittal spinal curvatures in children screened for scoliosis: Kyphotic angulation at the thoracolumbar region and the mortice joint

This paper reports a segmental analysis of the lateral spinal radiographs of 37 children referred to hospital in a school screening study of 4,890 school children aged 12–13 years. On each lateral radiograph a line was drawn along the posterior surface of each vertebral body from T5-L5 and the angle of this line from the vertical was recorded. After measuring the scoliosis curve (Cobb) angle and using conventional criteria for diagnosis, three groups of patients are defined, namely, 1) a control group (average scoliosis curve angle (Cobb) of 5°, n = 14), 2) a group with lumbar curves (average Cobb angle 21°, n = 7), and 3) a group with thoracic curves (average Cobb angle 19 degrees, n = 10). Individual lateral spinal profiles are also analyzed. The findings show: (1) In the control group, there are different degrees of vertical backward tilt (declivity) from T7–L3, with a maximum tilt at T12 (mean 26°). The most vertical vertebrae are T6 and L4, with forward tilting (proclivity) at each of (T5 and L5.2) In the lumbar curve group, the segmental sagittal tilt is not significantly different from that in the control group. The mean declivity at T12 is 25°. (3) In the thoracic curve group, the segmental sagittal tilt is significantly less than that in the control group at each of T10–L1. The mean declivity at T12 is 17°. A more vertical T12 is associated with a larger Cobb angle. (4) The individual sagittal spinal profiles of the thoracic curve group (but no other group) show lordosis in the region of the lateral spinal curve (scoliosis) and a kyphotic angulation at an average of three vertebrae below the apical vertebrae of the scoliosis curve. (5) It is suggested that as a thoracic lordoscoliosis develops, the appearance of a kyphotic angulation in the thoracolumbar and upper lumbar spine is determined by the compressibility of each disc in relation to the length of the articular processes at the corresponding level. Where the combination of disc weakness to facet length is most adverse, forward flexion occurs, as in a spinal fracture, to produce the kyphotic angulation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Relationship between spine-pelvic sagittal plane balance and effects of percutaneous balkyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures北大核心

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures leads to a significant socioeconomic and medical burden, and there are controversies about the optimal timing and treatment methods. Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty can reduce complications, relieve pain, and enhance structural integrity of the vertebral body. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of spinal-pelvic sagittal balance on the therapeutic effects of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: The medical records of 74 patients admitted to Hefei First People's Hospital from August 2018 to January 2020 for percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty were retrospectively analyzed, and the included patients were equally divided into the good outcome and poor outcome groups (n=37 per group) according to the postoperative recovery. The visual analog scale scores, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, and imaging data of the two groups were compared at baseline and during the postoperative period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cement leakage occurred in three patients in the poor outcome group and four patients in the good outcome group postoperatively, respectively. (2) Visual analog scores in both groups at 1 month postoperatively were similar to baseline (P > 0.05), while the scores were improved significantly at 12 months postoperatively, with the good outcome group significantly better than the poor outcome group (P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the loss rate of injured vertebral height, Cobb angle, angle of pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, angle of lumbar anterior convexity, sagittal deviation and thoracic lordosis angle between the both groups (P > 0.05) at baseline, while the loss rate of injured vertebral height, Cobb angle, and sagittal deviation in both groups were significantly improved at 1 month postoperatively (P < 0.05). The rate of height loss of the injured spine, Cobb angle, sagittal deviation, thoracic lordosis angle, pelvic tilt, sacral slope were significantly increased in the poor outcome group compared with the good outcome group (P < 0.05), while the angle of pelvic incidence and angle of lumbar anterior convexity were significantly decreased in the poor outcome group compared with the good outcome group at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). (4) Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were negatively correlated with sagittal deviation, thoracic lordosis angle, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, angle of pelvic incidence (P < 0.05), while were positively correlated with the angle of lumbar anterior convexity (P < 0.05). In addition, the visual analog scale scores were positively correlated with sagittal deviation, thoracic lordosis angle, sacral slope, and angle of pelvic incidence (P < 0.05), while were negatively correlated with the angle of lumbar anterior convexity and pelvic tilt (P < 0.05). (5) These results suggest that percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty can correct deformity, stabilize fracture, and relieve pain, thereby benefiting most of the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Moreover, spine-pelvic sagittal plane balance can affect the clinical efficacy. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

下端融合椎的选择对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形椎弓根截骨矫形术后骨盆投射角的影响

目的:探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形术（PSO）中选择不同的下端融合椎（LIV）对强直性脊柱炎（AS）胸腰椎后凸畸形患者术后骨盆投射角（PI）的影响。方法:回顾性队列研究。纳入2006年3月—2014年9月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院94例AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的临床资料,其中男83例、女11例,年龄19～59（34.7±8....     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery plus lumbar mini-open surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose

The objectives of this study are to describe the outcome of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients treated with Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) plus supplementary minimal incision in the lumbar region for thoracic and lumbar deformity correction and fusion.

Materials and Methods

This is a case series of 13 patients treated with VATS plus lumbar mini-open surgery for AIS. A total of 13 patients requiring fusions of both the thoracic and lumbar regions were included in this study: 5 of these patients were classified as Lenke type 1A and 8 as Lenke type 5C. Fusion was performed using VATS up to T12 or L1 vertebral level. Lower levels were accessed via a small mini-incision in the lumbar area to gain access to the lumbar spine via the retroperitoneal space. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results

The average number of fused vertebrae was 7.1 levels. A significant correction in the Cobb angle was obtained at the final follow-up (p = 0.001). The instrumented segmental angle in the sagittal plane was relatively well-maintained following surgery, albeit with a slight increase. Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) scores were noted have significantly improved at the final follow-up (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Indications for the use of VATS may be extended from patients with localized thoracic scoliosis to those with thoracolumbar scoliosis. By utilizing a supplementary minimal incision in the lumbar region, a satisfactory deformity correction may be accomplished with minimal post-operative scarring.     

Do sagittal plane anatomical variations (angulation) of the cervical facets and C2 odontoid affect the geometrical configuration of the cervical lordosis?

Anthropometric and statistical evaluation of measurements from digitization of 252 lateral cervical radiographs were used to investigate any correlation between radiographic measurements of cervical lordosis with sagittal plane facet angulation, articular pillar height, and inclination of the C2 odontoid with respect to the body of C2. Some researchers have hypothesized that facet and odontoid architecture variations can cause a reduction in cervical lordosis. To evaluate this hypothesis, the posterior aspect of the C2 dens, vertebral body corners, and superior and inferior facet surfaces of C2-C7 were digitized on 252 lateral cervical X-rays to calculate global angle, segmental angles, dens angle, facet angles, and facet height. No correlation between facet angle, articular pillar height, and cervical curve was found. Similarly, no correlation between the sagittal angle of the dens and any angle of cervical curvature was identified. There was correlation between the global ARA C2-C7 angle and the Cobb angles at C1-C7 (r = 0.71) and C2-C7 (r = 0.82). There was correlation between the global inclination of the atlas vertebral angle (APL) and the Cobb angle at C1-C7 (r = 0.66), Cobb angle at C2-C7 (r = 0.39), ARA C2-C7 (r = 0.42), and anterior translation of C2 compared to C7 (r = -0.46). Because no correlation between cervical facet and odontoid architecture and any segmental or global angle of cervical lordosis was found, conservative and surgical rehabilitative techniques aimed at the reduction of sagittal cervical deformities do not need to account for a patient's architecture of the cervical facets nor odontoid.