应用PCR－SSCP银染技术检测胆道癌p53基因点突变

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ银染技术检测胆道癌ｐ５３基因点突变温增庆，钱光相，陈汉，吴孟超多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ－ｓｉｎｇｌｅｓｔｒａｎｄｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）...     

聚合酶链反应—单链构象多态性分析在家族性高胆固醇？…

目的 探讨聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ－ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｓｔｒａｉｎ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ,ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ０在家族性高胆固醇胆固醇血症（ｆａｍｉｌｉａｌｈｙｐｅｒｃｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌｅｍｉａｃ,ＦＨ）患者家系分析中的应用价值。方法 对于经ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ筛查,ＤＮＡ序列分析证实的４例ＦＨ患者（１例纯合子ＦＨ外     

DNA复制错误阳性大肠癌的临床病理特点

目的探讨ＤＮＡ复制错误（ＲＥＲ）与大肠癌发生发展的关系。方法采用银染ＰＣＲ单链构象多态性（ｓｉｎｇｌｅｓｔｒａｎｄｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ，ＳＳＣＰ）和ＰＣＲ－变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（ＰＡＧ）技术检测６０例大肠癌及其相应正常组织的第２、５、１７号染色体的４个位点的微小卫星ＤＮＡ不稳定性（ｍｉｃｒｏｓａｔｅｌｉｔｅｉｎｓｔａｂｉｔｙ，ＭＳＩ），有至少２个位点的ＭＳＩ则诊断为ＲＥＲ阳性。结果６０例大肠癌中，１９例为ＲＥＲ阳性（３１７％）。结合家族史，根据Ａｍｓｔｅｒｄａｎ标准，６０例病例中有４例被诊断为遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌（ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔａｒｙｎｏｎｐｏｌｙｓｉｓｃｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｃａｎｃｅｒ，ＨＮＰＣＣ）。ＲＥＲ阳性率在ＨＮＰＣＣ中为３／４例与散发性大肠癌的２８５％比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。ＲＥＲ阳性大肠癌与ＲＥＲ阴性大肠癌比较大多为分化不良型腺癌（Ｐ＜００１），多位于右半结肠（Ｐ＜００５），有家族史（Ｐ＜００５），ＤｕｃｋｅｓＡ、Ｂ期较ＤｕｃｋｅｓＣ、Ｄ期患者所占比例高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＲＥＲ阳性大肠癌与ＲＥＲ阴性大肠癌有不同的生物学特性。     

聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性在沙眼衣原体基因分型中的应用

聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性在沙眼衣原体基因分型中的应用夏云朱道银采用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）技术作沙眼衣原体（Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｉａｔｒａｃｈｏｍａｔｉｓ，Ｃｔ）基因分型并初步用于Ｃｔ垂直传播的研究。４２６份临床标本及Ｃｔ标准株...     

先天性巨结肠RET基因的突变

酪氨酸激酶受体基因（ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｋｉｎａｓｅｇｅｎｅ，ＲＥＴ基因）被定位于染色体１０ｑ１１．２上，其突变可导致３种多发性内分泌瘤综合征和先天性巨结肠的发生。为了探讨ＲＥＴ基因突变在先天性巨结肠发病中的作用，采用多聚酶链反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）及单链ＤＮＡ构象多态性分析（ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｓｔｒａｎｄｅｄＤＮＡｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ，ＳＳＣＰ）的方法，对３４例散发先天性巨结肠基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＲＥＴ基因第６外显子突变筛查，并对电泳条带变异的ＰＣＲ产物进行了直接核苷酸序列分析。发现１例为ＧＡＣＴＣＡＧＡＣ→ＧＡＡＴＣＡＡＡＣ碱基突变，导致两个氨基酸发生改变。表明ＲＥＴ基因突变与先天性巨结肠发病有关。     

软骨发育不全FGFR3基因突变的研究

目的了解中国人软骨发育不全患者成纤维细胞生长因子受体３（ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ３，ＦＧＦＲ３）基因变异情况。方法应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ和限制性内切酶酶切方法，分析辽宁地区７例软骨发育不全（ａｃｈｏｎｄｒｏｐｌａｓｉａ，ＡＣＨ）患者外周血ＤＮＡ标本中ＦＧＦＲ３基因第１０外显子区域。结果７例患者均检测到相同的Ｇ３８０Ｒ点突变。结论表明Ｇ３８０Ｒ为中国人ＡＣＨ患者常见突变。应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ和限制性内切酶酶切的方法检测ＦＧＦＲ３基因突变是产前诊断和早期诊断ＡＣＨ患者的简便、快速、可靠的手段     

诊断试验中患病构成比、灵敏度及特异度与准确度的数学关系及变化规律研究

本文研究患病构成比ＣＲＤ、灵敏度Ｓｅ及特异度Ｓｐ与准确度ＳＡｃ和标化准确度ＳＡｃ的数学关系，导出公式如下：Ａｃ＝Ｓｅ×ＣＲＤ＋Ｓｐ（１－ＣＲＤ）；Ａｃ与ＳＡｃ的关系如下：当ＣＲＤ＝５０％时，Ａｃ＝ＳＡｃ。分析了Ａｃ随Ｓｅ、Ｓｐ）和ＣＲＤ的变化规律，即：①当Ｓｅ＝Ｓｐ，无论ＣＲＤ大小，均有Ａｃ＝Ｓｅ＝Ｓｐ；当Ｓｅ＜ｓＰ，则Ａｃ随ＣＲＤ增大而变小；当Ｓｅ＞Ｓｐ，则Ａｃ随ＣＲＤ增大而增大。Ａｃ随ＣＲＤ变动的心减幅度△Ａｃ．ＣＲＤ用公式表示为：△Ａｃ．ＣＲＤ＝△ＣＲＤ（Ｓｅ－Ｓｐ），△ＣＲＤ为ＣＲＤ的增减量。②当ＣＲＤ不变，则Ａｃ随Ｓｅ和Ｓｐ增大而增大，Ａｃ随Ｓｅ和Ｓｐ改变的增减幅度△Ａｃ．ｓｅｓｐ为：△Ａｃ．ｓｅｓｐ＝ＣＲＤ（△Ｓｅ－△Ｓｐ）＋△Ｓｐ．式中△Ｓｅ和△Ｓｐ分别为Ｓｅ和Ｓｐ的增减量。     

甲基化特异性PCR检测Prader-Willi综合征

目的 探讨一种高效、快速检测Ｐｒａｄｅｒ－Ｗｉｌｌｉ综合征（Ｐｒａｄｅｒ－Ｗｉｌｌ ｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ,ＰＷＳ）的方法。方法 采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应（ｍｅｔｈｙｌａｔｉｏｎ－ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ ＲＣＲ,ＭＳＰＣＲ）,其作用原理基于ＤＮＡ经亚硫酸氢钠处理后,来片交方非甲基化序列的胞嘧转变为尿嘧啶,而来自母方甲基化序列则保持不变,随后用具有高度特异性的引物进行扩增。结果 ＰＷＳ患者的ＤＮＡ经亚硫酸氢     

应用ED－PCR技术快速检测耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌

应用ＥＤ－ＰＣＲ（Ｅｎｚｙｍａｔｉｃｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ－ｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）技术从临床分离的７６株葡萄球菌中鉴定出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（Ｍｅｔｈｉｃｉｌｉｎ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓａｕｒｅｕｓ，ＭＲＳＡ）９株，耐甲氧西林血浆凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌（Ｍｅｔｈｉｃｉｌｉｎ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｃｏａｇｅｌａｓｅ－ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｉ，ＭＲ－ＣＮＳ）１１株。此结果与药物敏感性检测结果相符。ＥＤ－ＰＣＲ法具有简便、特异、省时，耗资少等优点，宜在临床检验室推广应用。     

造血生长因子促进RV介导LacZ-NeoR基因在人骨髓造血细胞中转染的机制

目的：本文探索了不同组合的造血生长因子ＳＣＦ、ＩＬ３及ＩＬ６对逆转录病毒（ＲＶ）介导的ＬａｃＺ－ＮｅｏＲ双标志基因转染人骨髓造血细胞转染效率、表达水平的影响及其相关机理。方法：采用ＲＶ转染人骨髓非粘附造血细胞（ＮＡＢＭＣ）及经ＳＣＦ、ＩＬ３及ＩＬ６不同组合预激４８ｈ后的ＮＡＢＭＣ。经荧光素二－β－Ｄ－半乳糖呋喃苷脂（ＦＤＧ）标记的半乳糖苷酶、Ｇ４１８ＲＣＦＵ－ＧＭ及ＰＣＲ／Ｓｏｕｒｔｈｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ检测ＮｅｏＲ和ＬａｃＺ基因的表达。结果：早期造血生长因子（ＨＧＦｓ）的预激明显改善了ＲＶ介导的ＬａｃＺ－ＮｅｏＲ基因在人骨髓造血细胞中的转染效率与表达水平,ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６＞ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ３＞ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６＞ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ６。氚标记脱氧胸苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）自杀及５－溴脱氧尿苷－碘化丙啶（ＢｒｄＵ－ＰＩ）双标流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）检测显示,ＨＧＦｓ预激后人骨髓造血细胞及ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的Ｓ期比例显著提高。结论：ＳＣＦ＋ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６的联合预激可显著改善ＲＶ介导的外源基因在人骨髓造血细胞中的转染效率与表达水平,这可能与ＨＧＦｓ预激后明显提高人骨髓造血细胞及ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的Ｓ期比例密切相关     

Heterogeneity for mutations in the CFTR gene and clinical correlations in patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens

Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a heterogeneous disorder, largely due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CFTR) gene. Patients with unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) and patients with CAVD in association with renal agenesis appear to have a different aetiology to those with isolated CAVD. We have studied 134 Spanish CAVD patients [110 congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and 24 CUAVD], 16 of whom (six CBAVD, 10 CUAVD) had additional renal anomalies. Forty-two different CFTR mutations were identified, seven of them being novel. Some 45% of the CFTR mutations were specific to CAVD, and were not found in patients with cystic fibrosis or in the general Spanish population. CFTR mutations were detected in 85% of CBAVD patients and in 38% of those with CUAVD. Among those patients with renal anomalies, 31% carried one CFTR mutation. Anomalies in seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts were common in patients with CAVD. The prevalence of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia appeared to be increased in CAVD patients, as well as nasal pathology and frequent respiratory infections. This study confirms the molecular heterogeneity of CFTR mutations in CAVD, and emphasizes the importance of an extensive CFTR analysis in these patients. In contrast with previous studies, this report suggests that CFTR might have a role in urogenital anomalies.     

家族性高胆固醇血症纯合子家系低密度脂蛋白受体功能检测及基因突变分析

目的：分析家庭性高胆固醇血症（familial hypercholesterolemia,FH）患者低密度脂蛋白受体（low density lipoprotein receptor,LDLR）的功能改变及基因突变。方法：分离FH患者外周血淋巴细胞，用流式细胞仪观察淋巴细胞结合和摄取荧光标记的低密度脂蛋白的情况。抽提FH患者外周血基因组DNA为模板，进行聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism,PCR-SSCP）及DNA序列分析。结果：对一家两例临床诊断为FH纯合子的患儿及其父母的外周血淋巴细胞LDLR功能进行了分析，发现均表现为低密度脂蛋白（LDL）摄取和结合障碍。进一步从基因水平进行了研究，发现LDLR基因突变是位于第6外显子编码第297位氨基酸的碱基发生缺失，导致移码突变并使得终止密码子TGA在第369位提前出现，从而不能表达正常的LDLR，体内胆固醇的代谢发生障碍。结论：对1例家庭性高胆固醇血症纯合子家系应用流式细胞仪方法初步发现LDLR功能缺陷，进一步结合PCR－SSCP方法证实其LDLR存在新的突变类型。     

Characterisation of rpsL, rrs and embB mutations associated with streptomycin and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In order to characterise molecular mechanisms of first-line drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to evaluate the use of molecular markers of resistance (gene point mutations), we analysed 66 multi-drug-resistant (MDR) isolates from Latvian tuberculosis patients. They were all resistant to rifampin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin (SM), and 33 were resistant to ethambutol (EMB). Enzymatic digestion by MboII and nucleotide sequencing of the rpsL gene fragment detected a single nucleotide substitution K43R in 40 (61%) of the 66 SM-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. Of the other 26 SM-resistant isolates, 16 (24%) had mutations at positions 513A-->C and 516C-->T of the rrs gene and 10 (15%) had the wild-type sequence. The single-stranded DNA conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method was used to detect mutations in the embB gene associated with EMB resistance. Substitutions in the embB gene were found by SSCP analysis in 15 (45%) and by sequencing in 17 (52%) of the 33 EMB-resistant isolates. Surprisingly, SSCP revealed a nucleotide mutation at codon M306 in five (15%) of 33 in vitro EMB-susceptible MDR isolates.     

Characterization of cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator gene mutations and IVS8 poly(T) variants in Portuguese patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene mutations and IVS8 poly(T) variants in Portuguese patients with bilateral (CBAVD) and unilateral (CUAVD) congenital absence of the vas deferens remain to be evaluated. METHODS: Patient screening was carried out by PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: CFTR mutations were found in 18 out of 31 (58.1%) CBAVD and in three of four (75%) CUAVD patients. The most frequent mutations were F508del and R334W in CBAVD and G542X in CUAVD, with the allelic frequencies of R334W (6.5%) and G542X (25%) being particular to the Portuguese population. The 5T allelic frequency was 3.5% in the fertile male population, 25% in CUAVD and 27.4% in CBAVD patients. The combined frequency of mutations (CFTR+5T) was increased in CBAVD to 22 out of 31 (71%). The frequency of CFTR mutations was compared with that of patients with secondary obstructive azoospermia (OAZ; one out of 16, 6.3%) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOAZ; two out of 22, 9.1%) with conserved spermatogenesis, which were similar to the general population. However, whereas the 5T allelic frequency in OAZ was similar to that of the general population (3.1%), it was increased in NOAZ cases (14.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Data confirm that CFTR+5T mutations represent the most common genetic abnormality in CAVD, and suggest that cases of NOAZ may be associated with the 5T allele.     

TBX5基因在中国人心手综合征患者中的突变分析

目的 检测中国心手综合征患者ＴＢＸ５基因突变。方法 利用单链构象多态性分析和测序方法,对７个心手综合征患者家系进行ＴＢＸ５基因突变检测。结果 发现３个家系患者有单链构象多态性改变,经测证实为３个新位点基因突变：１个心手综合征家系患者为ＴＢＸ５基因单个碱基缺失引起移码突变,２个心手综合征家系为ＴＢＸ５基因碱基替换引起错义突变。结论中国人ＴＢＸ５基因突变可引起心手综合征。     

Screening for CF mutations in adult cystic fibrosis patients with a directed and optimized SSCP strategy

Twenty adolescent and adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have been studied for the presence of mutations in the CFTR gene. Mutations other than deltaFSOS have been detected by comparison to the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) pattern of known mutations in eight exons, in which 80% of the more common mutations are present. Each mutation was confirmed by direct sequencing. For each of the analyzed exons, optimal SSCP conditions have been determined that allow all available known mutations in that exon to be distinguished from each other. This approach allowed mutations to be defined in 75% of the non deltaF508 alleles and 92% of all CF alleles in this cohort. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Large deletions in the CFTR gene: clinics and genetics in Swiss patients with CF

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasians, and is associated with at least one mutation on each CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) allele. Some patients, however, with only one identifiable point mutation carry on the other allele, a large deletion that is not detected by conventional screening methods. The overall frequency of large deletions in patients with CF is estimated to be 1-3%. Using the CFTR Multiplex Ligation dependent Probe Amplification Kit (MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands) that allows the exact detection of copy numbers from all 27 exons in the CFTR gene, we screened 50 patients with only one identified mutation for large deletions in the CFTR gene. Each detected deletion was confirmed using our real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and deletion-specific PCR reactions using junction fragment primers. We detected large deletions in eight patients (16%). These eight CF alleles belong to four different deletion types (CFTRindel2, CFTRdele14b-17b, CFTRdele17a-17b and CFTRdele 2-9) whereof the last is novel. Comparing detailed clinical data of all these patients with CF and the molecular genetic findings, we were able to elaborate criteria for deletion screenings and possible genotype-phenotype associations. In conclusion, we agree with other authors that deletion screenings should be implemented in routine genetic diagnostics of CF.     

PAX6基因IVS10+1G＞A新突变导致中国东北地区一先天性无虹膜家系

目的 人类配对盒基因(paired-box gene 6,PAX6)基因编码一个转录因子,其异常会导致眼部虹膜组织发育异常,产生罕见的家族性先天性无虹膜疾病.通过分子遗传学分析,确定中国东北地区一个先天性无虹膜家系PAX6基因的突变位点.方法 对一个先天性无虹膜家系所有成员进行全面的眼部检查,采集该家系的2例患者和5名健康成员和100名正常对照者的外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,应用聚合酶链反应扩增PAX6基因的第4至13外显子,直接测序法确定致病的基因突变,用单链构像多态性方法对结果进行验证并对对照者进行筛选.结果 该家系为位于PAX6基因第10外显子和第10内含子交界处的杂合突变(IVS10+1G＞A),致使DNA剪接异常,使得PAX6基因的单倍剂量不足.结论 该家系先天性无虹膜是常染色体显性遗传,PAX6基因是中国东北地区先天性无虹膜的致病基因,PAX6基因在眼部发育中具有重要作用,并发现了PAX6基因一个新的突变位点.     

127例PKU患者PAH基因第12外显子点突变及其频率研究

目的　了解中国人苯丙酮尿症 ( phenylketonuria,PKU)患者的苯丙氨酸羟化酶( phenylalanine hydroxylase,PAH)基因第 12外显子点突变种类和频率。方法　应用单链构象多态性( single strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP)、变性梯度凝胶电泳 ( denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis,DGGE)、DNA测序分析了 12 7例 PKU患者的 PAH基因第 12外显子点突变种类及频率。结果　 DNA测序分析显示 10例患者存在 R4 13P、S4 11X、R4 0 8W、R4 0 8Q 4种杂合突变 ,其突变频率分别为 2 .76 %、0 .39%、0 .39%、0 .39% ,S4 11X突变为中国人中首次报道。 SSCP分析仅发现 2例 R4 13P杂合突变 ,DGGE分析显示 10例出现 3种类型的异常电泳带型。R4 13P突变在南北方人之间、在经典型 PKU和高苯丙氨酸血症之间的分布差异无显著性。结论　 DGGE对 PAH基因第 12外显子点突变检出率明显高于 SSCP。 DGGE结合 DNA测序是明确 PAH基因第 12外显子点突变种类和频率较好的方法。 R4 13P突变在南北方人中分布无明显差异     

冠心病新致病基因MEF2A第一、第八外显子突变的检测

目的研究冠心病新致病基因MEF2A在中国人群突变情况。方法利用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(polym erase chain reaction-single strand conform ation polymorph ism,PCR-SSCP)和DNA测序技术对156例冠心病(CAD)患者第1外显子及第8外显子进行基因突变检测。结果MEF2A基因第1外显子区域6例患者SSCP泳动异常,第8外显子区域7例患者SSCP泳动异常,但DNA直接测序未发现MEF2A基因第1、8外显子区域基因突变。结论冠心病患者在MEF2A基因第1、8外显子未发现新的突变,PCR-SSCP结果与DNA测序结果并非平行关系,SSCP同样存在假阳性。