成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备及体外检测

背景：成骨生长肽体外注射可以刺激外周血和骨髓细胞数增加,增加动物的骨量,加速骨折愈合,但因多肽不稳定性及注射应用不方便,限制了其临床应用。 目的：应用乳化交联法制备成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球,并对其粒径、载药、体外释药、理化特性进行检测。 方法：以戊二醛作为交联剂,应用乳化交联法制备具有控制释放功能的负载成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球,显微镜及扫描电镜观察微球的形态和粒径;利用酶联免疫吸附实验动态检测成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的载药率、包封率和缓释规律。 结果与结论：乳化交联法制备的壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球,球形良好,球体表面有较多微孔,具有较高的包封率(>72%)。体外药物释放实验表明,成骨生长肽可以从壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球中缓慢释放,整个释放过程可达49 d,累积释放率>85%。提示应用乳化交联法制备的负载成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球,具有很好的控制释放成骨生长肽的能力。     

乳化-凝胶化法制备药用载体海藻酸钙微球的研究

采用乳化-凝胶化法制备了海藻酸钙微球,考察了海藻酸钠浓度、氯化钙浓度、乳化速度、油水相比例、乳化剂浓度对制备海藻酸钙微球粒径、形态的影响;同时以牛血红蛋白为模型药物初步考察了海藻酸钙微球载药性能。通过对制备条件的优化,可制备粒径为1μm左右,分布相对均匀,球形度较好的海藻酸钙微球;微球的载药量不高,提高模型药物的初始浓度,微球载药量有一定程度增大,但当牛血红蛋白浓度高于10mg/mL时,随模型药物初始浓度增大,载药量增大幅度减小。     

制备壳聚糖微球体外缓释TGF-β1的研究

应用离子交联沉淀法制备壳聚糖-转化生长因子（TGF-β1）缓释微球,研究其体外缓释性能。采用离子交联沉淀法制备壳聚糖微球,以其包裹TGF-β1,制备具有缓释效能的壳聚糖-TGF-β1缓释微球。用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、Elisa法等观察其表面形态,测定药物载药率、包封率、体外缓释效率等指标。结果表明：所得微球球形良好,表面光滑,粒径分布集中,平均粒径272nm。壳聚糖微球有较高的药物包封率,达80.60%。体外释放试验提示,TGF-β1初期存在突释现象,前24h释放达27%,但其后可从壳聚糖微球中稳定释放,7d累计释放达41%。离子交联沉淀法制备壳聚糖缓释微球方法简单易行,所得壳聚糖-TGF-β1微球具有良好的缓释效能,提示其在组织工程领域具有良好的应用前景。     

制备壳聚糖微球体外缓释TGF-β_1的研究

应用离子交联沉淀法制备壳聚糖-转化生长因子（TGF-β1）缓释微球,研究其体外缓释性能。采用离子交联沉淀法制备壳聚糖微球,以其包裹TGF-β1,制备具有缓释效能的壳聚糖-TGF-β1缓释微球。用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、Elisa法等观察其表面形态,测定药物载药率、包封率、体外缓释效率等指标。结果表明：所得微球球形良好,表面光滑,粒径分布集中,平均粒径272nm。壳聚糖微球有较高的药物包封率,达80.60%。体外释放试验提示,TGF-β1初期存在突释现象,前24h释放达27%,但其后可从壳聚糖微球中稳定释放,7d累计释放达41%。离子交联沉淀法制备壳聚糖缓释微球方法简单易行,所得壳聚糖-TGF-β1微球具有良好的缓释效能,提示其在组织工程领域具有良好的应用前景。     

骨形态发生蛋白2/聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及表征

背景:聚乳酸具有良好的生物相容性,是优良的药物缓释载体。目的:制备重组人骨形态发生蛋白2/聚乳酸缓释微球,考察其理化特性。方法:采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备重组人骨形态发生蛋白2/聚乳酸缓释微球,进行扫描电镜、激光粒度、Zeta电位、溶胀性能检测及采用ELISA试剂盒检测包封率、载药率及体外释药率。结果与结论:扫描电镜见重组人骨形态发生蛋白2/聚乳酸缓释微球微球近似圆形,形态较规则,分散性较好,表面光滑。激光粒度分析重组人骨形态发生蛋白2/聚乳酸缓释微球微平均粒径839.6 nm,Zeta电位(-32.93±3.74)mV,微球溶胀系数1.157±0.059,包封率及载药率分别为(88.943±2.878)%,(0.026±0.001)%;微球在第1天释药约10.199%,随后释药较恒定,至第19天累计释药率为54.643%。说明制备出的重组人骨形态发生蛋白2/聚乳酸缓释微球的粒径达到中华人民共和国药典第10版二部关于亚微球的定义标准及包封率不低于80%的要求,并且在体外具有很好的缓释功能。     

乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物多肽蛋白类药物微球控释系统的突释与控制

背景：突释问题是限制多肽蛋白类微球广泛应用的一个关键技术问题,已经成为PLGA微球控释系统面临的一个亟待解决的问题。 目的：分析近年来国内外对乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物多肽蛋白类药物微球的突释与控制的研究,对突释的原因、影响突释的因素以及减少突释的方法与措施进行了详细的介绍。 方法：应用计算机检索CNKI和PubMed数据库中1999-01/2010-12关于乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物多肽蛋白类药物微球控释系统研究的文章,在标题和摘要中以“聚乳酸-羟基乙酸;多肽;蛋白;微球;突释;控制”或“PLGA; peptide; protein ; microspheres; burst release; control”为检索词进行检索。通过阅读标题和摘要进行初选,排出较陈旧和重复研究文献,保留符合纳入标准的文献24篇。 结果与结论：对乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物多肽蛋白类药物微球突释机制的理解,可以更好地实现对微球突释的控制,以扩大多肽蛋白类药物在临床上的应用。PLGA的性质、微球的制备方法、微球的制备参数都在不同程度上影响微球的突释,并且可能是多因素协同作用。通过对上述各种因素加以适当控制,可在一定程度上减少微球的突释率。通过该方面的机制研究对指导新药开发具有重要意义。     

强的松龙纳米微球缓释膜制备及缓释特性

背景:近年来将强的松龙应用于促进周围神经损伤后功能恢复取得了良好效果,但因半衰期短、局部应用血药浓度不稳定及较大的不良反应限制了其临床应用。目的:制备强的松龙纳米微球缓释膜并对其药物缓释特性进行检测。方法:采用反胶束乳化溶剂挥发法制备强的松龙纳米微球,对载药纳米微球的形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药行为等性质进行研究;同时将纳米微球与胶原、壳聚糖、大豆卵磷脂等膜材相结合,制得复合药膜,考察复合药膜的形貌、膜中材料的相互作用及药膜的体外释药行为。结果与结论:强的松龙纳米微球具有良好的微观结构,药物均匀分布于纳米微球中,纳米微球粒径均一,表面光滑,平均粒径500 nm,包封率达90%以上,体外缓释实验药物释放良好,存在一定的药物突释现象。观察球膜结合方法制得的复合膜,可见纳米微球均匀分散于复合膜中,复合膜微观结构良好,体外缓释实验见复合膜药物释放更加稳定,无明显药物突释现象出现,显示了良好的药物释放效果。表明通过反胶束乳化溶剂挥发法和球膜结合方法制备出的强的松龙缓释膜剂具有良好的药物缓释特性。     

海藻酸钙凝胶微球软组织填充材料的制备与体内吸收性的考察

局部植入组织工程生物填充材料是整形、重建外科治疗相关疾病的有效手段之一。本研究采用静电液滴法制备了不同粒径的海藻酸钙凝胶微球 ,通过一定工艺进一步制备了以海藻酸钙凝胶微球为主体的软组织填充材料 ;通过小鼠背部皮下注射动物模型 ,考察了填充材料在体内的吸收性 ;初步分析了该材料在体内的吸收机理。结果表明 :在阻止或延缓材料在体内吸收方面 ,与凝胶相比 ,微球的作用明显 ;微球的平均粒径与材料在体内的吸收性存在一定的关系 ;海藻酸钠纯化并不显著影响该填充材料在体内的吸收性 ;微球可以完整地从体内回收 ;植入后组织学观察正常。综上所述 ,海藻酸钙凝胶微球有作为软组织填充材料的潜力     

静电贴附海藻酸钙微球制备自组装支架

背景:微球型注射支架在软骨组织工程中具有良好的发展前景,但是常存在体内成型困难和微球游走等问题。目的:探讨利用静电作用力将负电性海藻酸钙微球与正电性壳聚糖微球贴附在一起制备自组装支架的可行性。方法:用乳化内部凝胶法制备表面带负电荷的海藻酸钙微球,用喷雾干燥法制备表面带正电荷的壳聚糖微球。扫描电镜观察微球的表面形貌、光学显微镜分析微球的粒径及其粒径分布,zeta电位仪测定微球的表面电位;将两种带电荷微球的悬浮液混合在一起制备自组装支架,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察微球间的静电贴附情况,并对支架的压缩弹性模量进行了分析。结果与结论:海藻酸钙微球的平均粒径为52.5μm,表面电位为-23.5mV,壳聚糖微球的平均粒径为4.1μm,表面电位为+9.8mV,两种微球表面光滑,成球性良好;光学显微镜和扫描电镜下可以观察到小粒径的壳聚糖微球能够将海藻酸钙微球贴附在一起,支架的压缩弹性模量随微球固含量的增加而增加,随溶液离子强度的增加而减小,随壳聚糖微球与海藻酸钙微球质量比的增加,先增加后减小,当壳聚糖微球与海藻酸钙微球质量比为2∶1时支架的压缩弹性模量最佳。提示正电性的壳聚糖微球可将负电性的海藻酸钙微球贴附在一起而形成自组装型支架。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白2壳聚糖纳米微球的制备及体外细胞毒性

背景：通过各种微球负载骨生长因子使骨形态发生蛋白达到缓释效果逐渐成为研究热点,但关于载药壳聚糖纳米微球的生物相容性特别是细胞毒性的报道较少。 目的：对重组人骨形态发生蛋白2壳聚糖纳米微球进行细胞毒性检测,评估应用壳聚糖纳米微球作为重组人骨形态发生蛋白2缓释载体的生物安全性。 方法：通过离子交联法制备空白壳聚糖纳米微球,应用透视电镜观察微球的形态,激光粒径分析其粒径分布;通过重组人骨形态发生蛋白2壳聚糖纳米微球体外细胞毒性试验评估微球的生物安全性。 结果与结论：离子交联法制备的壳聚糖微球,球形规整,分散均匀,微球平均粒径为230 nm,分布较集中。载药及空白微球的反应分级为0或1级,均为合格。提示,离子交联法制备可成功制备出负载重组人骨形态发生蛋2的纳米微球,且微球细胞毒性检测合格,为进一步的骨组织工程研究提供理论实验基础。     

Preparation of poly(D,L-lactic acid) scaffolds using alginate particles

A kind of novel natural polysaccharide (sodium alginate) porogen was developed to prepare a 3D biodegradable tissue-engineering scaffold. The sodium alginate particles were prepared by emulsification and subsequent ionic gelation. The size and morphology of the alginate particles was simply controlled by the stirring rate and the concentration of the cross-linking agent. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated the existence of alginate molecules on the surface of the PLA scaffold. The water uptake of the scaffold made from alginate particles was obviously improved compared with the scaffold fabricated by KCl porogens. A MC3T3 osteoblast culture on the scaffolds showed that the alginate-modified PLA scaffolds significantly enhanced the osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. These results indicate that the alginate particle is a good porogen in the fabrication of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.     

影响微球药物释放因素的研究

目的 观察影响微球药物释放的因素，为其应用提供理论基础。方法 以可生物降解的聚乳酸—聚乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)和聚L—乳酸(PLIA)为载体，采用乳化—溶剂挥发法制备含细胞松弛素B(cytoB)微球，以HPLC测定cy-toB含量。结果 制备了不同球径的微球，其球径分别为150nm、500nm、1μm、5μm、10μm和20μm。体外释放实验证明，球径越小，药物释放速度越快；球径相同时，以PLIA为基材的微球比PLGA的释放慢。结论 可通过选择适当的微球大小和基质材料达到所期望的药物释放过程。     

Fabrication and characterization of monodisperse PLGA–alginate core–shell microspheres with monodisperse size and homogeneous shells for controlled drug release

Monodisperse PLGA–alginate core–shell microspheres with controlled size and homogeneous shells were first fabricated using capillary microfluidic devices for the purpose of controlling drug release kinetics. Sizes of PLGA cores were readily controlled by the geometries of microfluidic devices and the fluid flow rates. PLGA microspheres with sizes ranging from 15 to 50 μm were fabricated to investigate the influence of the core size on the release kinetics. Rifampicin was loaded into both monodisperse PLGA microspheres and PLGA–alginate core–shell microspheres as a model drug for the release kinetics studies. The in vitro release of rifampicin showed that the PLGA core of all sizes exhibited sigmoid release patterns, although smaller PLGA cores had a higher release rate and a shorter lag phase. The shell could modulate the drug release kinetics as a buffer layer and a near-zero-order release pattern was observed when the drug release rate of the PLGA core was high enough. The biocompatibility of PLGA–alginate core–shell microspheres was assessed by MTT assay on L929 mouse fibroblasts cell line and no obvious cytotoxicity was found. This technique provides a convenient method to control the drug release kinetics of the PLGA microsphere by delicately controlling the microstructures. The obtained monodisperse PLGA–alginate core–shell microspheres with monodisperse size and homogeneous shells could be a promising device for controlled drug release.     

Release from alginate enhances the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor

A primary factor which limits engineering tissues of substantial size is the lack of nutrients readily available to transplanted cells. One potential solution to this nutrient limitation is to encourage the rapid development of a vascular network within three-dimensional tissue engineering matrices. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a potent stimulator of angiogenesis in vivo. Though effective at stimulating endothelial cells to form blood vessels VEGF degrades rapidly. Spherical alginate beads (3.3±0.1 mm diameter) were examined as a means of delivering biologically functional VEGF at a controlled rate over extended times. The alginate beads demonstrated the ability to incorporate VEGF with an efficiency between 30 and 67%, depending on the processing conditions, and release it at a constant rate (5%/day) for up to 14 days in vitro. The released VEGF, when assayed for its ability to stimulate endothelial cells in culture, was found not only to be functional but more potent (three to five times) than the same mass of VEGF added directly to the culture medium. The release kinetics of freeze dried VEGF containing alginate beads were also examined and found to be comparable to non-freeze dried samples.     

Alginate/quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/clay nanocomposite microspheres: preparation and drug-controlled release behavior

Drug-delivery systems, using natural drug carriers, have become increasingly important because of their nontoxicity and biodegradability. In this study, firstly, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC) was intercalated into the interlayer of organic montmorillonite (OMMT) to obtain the QCMC/OMMT nanocomposites, their structure, morphology, and thermal stability were investigated. Next, crosslinked alginate/QCMC/OMMT (AQCOM) microsphere was obtained by crosslinking with CaCl₂, and the drug-controlled release behavior was evaluated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model drug. The results suggested that, carboxyl groups in alginate and QCMC crosslinked with Ca²⁺, quaternary ammonium groups in QCMC or OMMT electrostatically interacted with carboxyl groups in alginate, and there was stable three-dimensional network in AQCOM microsphere. The swelling ratio of AQCOM microspheres decreased with the increase of OMMT content, the lowest one was only about 45% compared to the microsphere without OMMT of 197%. Besides, the in vitro release results for BSA indicated that the AQCOM microsphere displayed more excellent encapsulation and controlled release capacities than the microsphere without OMMT. The in vitro active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was carried out on Guinea pigs, which revealed that AQCOM microsphere did not cause anaphylaxis. Therefore, QCMC/OMMT nanocomposites from natural materials are considerably suitable to apply as drug-controlled release carriers.     

羧甲基壳聚糖作为植入可降解缓释微球辅料的实验研究

羧甲基壳聚糖作为一种高分子材料 ,具有良好的组织相容性和生物可降解性。本实验试图利用羧甲基壳聚糖作为植入环丙沙星微球的缓释辅料 ,并探索这一剂型的制备工艺、结构形态和体外释药特性。首先我们采用乳化交联技术制备微球 ;然后用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、及示差热分析等方法研究微球的结构和形态 ;建立体外持续流动释放系统初步检测微球的体外释放特性。实验结果发现 :微球的结构和形态受制备工艺条件如温度、离子强度、搅拌速度等因素的影响 ;一定工艺条件下制备的环丙沙星微球的体外释放时间可达 7d以上 ,释放行为符合 Higuchi方程。因此 ,我们认为 :羧甲基壳聚糖可作为环丙沙星可降解植入微球的缓释辅料 ;乳化交联技术是制备这一微球的有效方法 ,工艺简单、稳定     

Controlled Release of the Indomethacin Microencapsulation Based on Layer-by-layer Assembly by Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

Indomethacin has been encapsulated with polyelectrolyte multilayers for controlled release. Gelatin and alginate were alternatively deposited on indomethacin microcrystals. The released amount of indomethacin from coated microcrystals in pH6. 8 phosphate buffer solution （PBS） was measured with a UV spectrophometer. The polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule thickness was proved to control the release rate. The effects of osmotic pressure existed during the release process of indomethacin from microcapsules coated by （gelatin/alginate） 4.     

In vivo evaluation of alginate microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery

Mucoadhesive alginate microspheres of carvedilol (CRV) for nasal administration intended to avoid first pass metabolism and to improve bioavailability were prepared and evaluated. The microspheres were prepared by emulsification cross-linking method. Radiolabeling of CRV and its microspheres was performed by direct labeling with reduced technetium-99m ((99m) Tc). In vivo studies were performed on New Zealand white rabbits by administering the microspheres intranasally using monodose nasal insufflator. The radioactivity was measured in a well-type gamma scintillation counter. The noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. The pattern of deposition and clearance of the microspheres were evaluated using a radioactive tracer and the noninvasive technique of gamma scintigraphy. The clearance of alginate microsphere was compared with that of control lactose. The microspheres were nonaggregated, free flowing powders with spherical shape, and smooth surface. Pharmacokinetics study displayed an increase in area under the curve and hence in relative bioavailability when compared with intravenous administration of drug. The nasal bioavailability was 67.87% which indicates that nasal administration results in improved absorption of CRV. The results of gamma scintigraphy showed that the alginate microspheres had significantly reduced rates of clearance from the rabbit nasal cavity when compared with the control lactose.     

Preparation and in vitro release of curcumin sustained-release microspheres北大核心

BACKGROUND: Curcumin can inhibit inflammation and promote axonal growth, but it has a short half-life and a fast clearance rate. OBJECTIVE: To prepare curcumin sustained-release microspheres to release curcumin slowly and continuously. METHODS: Curcumin sustained-release microspheres were synthesized by O/W emulsification volatilization method using polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer as raw material. The preset drug loading rates were 10% and 20%, respectively, and set as No. 1 and No. 2 microspheres. The curcumin sustained release microspheres were synthesized by O/W emulsification volatilization method using L-lactic acid-polycaprolactone copolymer as raw material. The preset drug loading rates were 10% and 20%, respectively, and the microspheres were set as No. 3 and No. 4. The surface morphology of the microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Four groups of microspheres were immersed in PBS release solution containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the sustained release of curcumin microspheres was detected under simulated physiological environment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particle size and morphology of No. 3 and No. 4 curcumin microspheres were better than those of No. 1 and No. 2 curcumin microspheres. (2) The encapsulation rate of No. 3 microspheres was higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in the encapsulation rate of No. 1, 2 and 4 microspheres (P > 0.05). (3) The drug loading rates of No. 2, 3 and 4 microspheres were higher than that of No. 1 microsphere (P < 0.01), and the drug loading rates of No. 2 and 4 microspheres were higher than that of No. 3 microsphere (P < 0.01). (4) The in vitro release of No. 3 curcumin sustained-release microspheres lasted for 14 days, and the release of the other three kinds of microspheres lasted for 21 days. The cumulative release rate of No. 1 and No. 3 was higher than that of No. 2 and No. 4, and the curcumin release concentration of No. 3 was higher than that of No. 1. (5) The results showed that slow-release effect of the curcumin sustained-release microspheres with a preset loading rate of 10% prepared by L-lactic acid-polycaprolactone copolymer best meets the Zero order release requirements. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.