毒热平注射液对吞噬细胞系Ana-1核因子-κB的影响

目的:研究毒热平注射液对流感病毒感染的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞株Ana-1细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性的影响。方法:用100TCID50流感病毒亚甲型鼠肺适应株A/FM/1/47(H1N1)感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞株Ana-1后换用10mg/L和1mg/L浓度含药维持液继续培养,分别于12h和24h弃细胞上清液并收集细胞,提取巨噬细胞RNA和核蛋白,进行实时定量PCR反应(RT-PCR)和Western blot实验,动态测定毒热平注射液对病毒感染前后巨噬细胞Toll样受体7(TLR7)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)mRNA和NF-κBp65mRNA及其蛋白表达水平的影响。结果:毒热平注射液可剂量依赖性地下调病毒感染巨噬细胞TLR7、MyD88mRNA的表达、NF-κBp65mRNA及其蛋白表达水平。结论:毒热平注射液能通过调节MyD88依赖的信号传导通路下调细胞核因子-κB活性发挥抗病毒感染作用。     

金黄色葡萄球菌分泌蛋白LukG抑制巨噬细胞炎症反应

目的利用同源重组法构建金黄色葡萄球菌LukG(leukotoxin G)基因敲除株,探究LukG缺失对金黄色葡萄球菌刺激巨噬细胞炎症反应的影响。方法用双荧光素酶报告基因检测LukG蛋白对NF-κB通路的作用;利用USA300野生株和LukG敲除株(ΔLukG/USA300)感染小鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,实时荧光定量PCR法检测TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的mRNA转录水平,Western blot检测IκB-α及p-p65表达水平;利用USA300和ΔLukG/USA300气管插管感染小鼠肺部,观察生存率差异,稀释涂板法测定肺部荷菌量,HE染色法观察肺组织病理学变化,ELISA法检测肺组织匀浆炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达量。结果分泌蛋白LukG能够明显抑制NF-κB通路的激活;感染原代腹腔巨噬细胞后;相对于USA300感染组,ΔLukG/USA300感染组TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的转录水平升高(P0.05),IκB-α表达下调,p-p65表达上调;气管插管感染小鼠后,相对于USA300感染组,ΔLukG/USA300感染组生存率提高(P0.05),肺组织荷菌量降低(P0.05),病变程度减轻,炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β表达量升高(P0.05)。结论金黄色葡萄球菌可能通过分泌LukG蛋白抑制巨噬细胞NF-κB通路进而下调炎性细胞因子的表达,达成免疫逃逸进而成功感染宿主。     

小檗碱对流感病毒感染肺泡巨噬细胞炎性细胞因子的影响及其分子机制研究

目的:探讨小檗碱对流感病毒感染大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(NR8383)后TNF-α、MCP-1转录、表达的影响及与TLR7介导的MyD88依赖性信号通路的关系。方法:流感病毒感染NR8383细胞1小时后,加入含小檗碱的培养基(终浓度5μg/ml),药物作用后6、12、24小时,ELISA检测细胞上清中TNF-α、MCP-1的含量;24小时,Real time PCR检测细胞内TNF-α、MCP-1的mRNA水平,RT-PCR检测TLR7、MyD88、NF-κB P65 mRNA水平;4、6、24小时,免疫组化法检测NF-κB P65核转位情况,并做半定量分析;24小时,Western blot检测NF-κB P65表达水平。结果:小檗碱抑制了流感病毒感染NR8383细胞后TNF-α、MCP-1的转录和表达(P<0.05),降低了TLR7、MyD88、NF-κB P65 mRNA水平(P<0.05、P<0.05、P<0.01),抑制了流感病毒感染后NF-κB P65的核转位及表达(P<0.01)。结论:小檗碱通过抑制TLR7介导的MyD88依赖性信号通路,抑制了NF-κB P65的核转位及表达,从而减少流感病毒感染巨噬细胞后炎性细胞因子TNF-α、MCP-1的产生,在流感治疗中发挥抗炎作用。     

SIRT1-NF-κB通路在流感病毒感染小鼠体内调节机制的研究

目的 探讨巨噬细胞SIRT1-NF-κB信号转导途径在流感病毒感染小鼠体内的调节机制.方法 用流感病毒血凝素蛋白(HA)和核衣壳蛋白(NP)蛋白免疫小鼠,取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,采用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中促炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞内沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)、NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18以及TNF-α的基因表达.结果 两组蛋白初次免疫后巨噬细胞分泌的各因子及其mRNA表达水平均无明显变化.二次免疫后,HA蛋白组仅TNF-α、IL-6蛋白表达水平增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,NP蛋白组IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18和TNF-α蛋白表达水平均增加,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义;而两组蛋白刺激后巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA均表达上调,SIRT1 mRNA均表达下调,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义.结论 流感病毒可能通过所表达的HA、NP等蛋白影响SIRT1的活性,从而解除SIRT1对NF-κB的抑制作用,激活NF-κB信号通路调节的炎症反应或免疫应答.     

RNAi沉默NF-κB p65对小鼠巨噬细胞细胞因子表达的影响

目的:探讨RNA干扰(RNAi)技术在抑制NF-κB p65表达、调控LPS活化后巨噬细胞细胞因子表达中的应用.方法:利用阳离子脂质体将NF-κB p65小干扰RNA(siRNA)瞬时转染入Ana-1细胞,RT-PCR及Western blotting法检测其沉默效率,ELISA法检测LPS(1 mg/L)刺激下0 h、4 h、12 h和24 h Ana-1细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10浓度.结果:NF-κB p65 siRNA转染24 h后,NF-κB p65在基因水平及蛋白水平表达均被明显抑制(P<0.05).RNA干扰组Ana-1细胞培养上清中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6表达在相应时点内均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),IL-10表达显著升高,在12 h和24 h差异显著(P<0.05).结论:体外实验初步证实RNAi技术能有效沉默小鼠巨噬细胞NF-κB p65基因的表达,下调其下游调控的促炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及上调抑炎症细胞因子IL-10的表达,从而抑制过度的炎症反应.     

山柰酚通过下调NF-κB信号通路减轻猪源甲型H9N2流感病毒所致小鼠急性肺损伤

目的:探讨山柰酚是否通过下调转录因子NF-κB信号通路的表达而保护感染猪源甲型H9N2流感病毒引起急性肺损伤的小鼠。方法:猪源甲型H9N2流感病毒感染BALB/c小鼠建立急性肺损伤模型,山柰酚干预后检测肺湿重与干重比,观察肺组织的病理学变化,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液内炎性细胞数量以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)含量同时检测肺组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot检测小鼠肺内NF-κB P65的表达,ELISA检测小鼠肺组织匀浆细胞核提取物中NF-κB P65和NF-κB P50的核转位。结果:山柰酚能降低小鼠死亡率,改善肺组织的病理学变化和肺水肿程度,并能降低肺内巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞等炎性细胞的数量同时降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β和MDA的含量,抑制MPO的活性并升高SOD的活性。另外,山柰酚可以下调NF-κB P65的表达增加细胞核提取物中NF-κB P65和NF-κB P50的核转位。结论:山柰酚通过下调NF-κB信号通路的表达从而降低猪源甲型H9N2流感病毒所致急性肺损伤小鼠的炎症程度和氧化应激损伤,最终减轻流感病毒所致的急性肺损伤。     

小檗碱干预脂多糖诱导小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞MH-S 分泌NO、IL-6 等炎性 介质的机制研究

目的:观察小檗碱对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞分泌炎性介质的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:体外培养小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞MH-S,用终浓度为0.5μg/ml的LPS刺激后,加入不同浓度的小檗碱作用24 h。MTT法检测小檗碱对MH-S活力的影响;采用NO测定试剂盒检测NO的含量,ELISA和RT-PCR法检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1及IL-12的蛋白和mRNA水平;Western blot法检测MH-S细胞中iNOS、TLR4、MyD88、IRAK-4及NF-κB p65的水平。结果:小檗碱在浓度不超过5μmol/L时,在24 h内对MH-S细胞的活力几乎无影响,在10μmol/L的浓度下对巨噬细胞的活力有抑制作用,并呈一定的时-效性。小檗碱能够显著降低MH-S细胞中NO的分泌量(P0.05),并在蛋白和基因层面上剂量依赖性地降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1及IL-12的水平。小檗碱能够显著下调iNOS、TLR4、MyD88、IRAK-4及NF-κB p65的表达量(P0.05)。结论:小檗碱能够抑制iNOS的活性,从而减少NO的分泌,同时通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/IRAK-4通路而抑制NF-κB的激活,进而发挥抗炎作用。     

siRNA对小鼠血管内皮细胞NF-κBp65表达的抑制作用

探索RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)技术在抑制血管内皮细胞激活中的应用前景。利用阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000作为转染试剂将化学合成的小鼠NF-κBp65的小干扰RNA(smallinterferingRNA,siRNA)转染入小鼠EOMA细胞,RT-PCR测定细胞内NF-κBp65mRNA表达,Westernblot检测细胞内NF-κBp65蛋白水平。同时观察siRNA对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的NF-κB激活的抑制作用。结果显示:在转染siRNA后的第24小时,细胞内NF-κBp65mRNA水平降低,蛋白表达量明显减少,而在第48小时、72小时细胞内NF-κBp65蛋白已经无法测出;在TNF-α刺激后,转染siRNA的细胞组内NF-κBp65的表达也明显受到抑制。说明RNAi技术可以抑制NF-κBp65的表达,为进一步研究血管内皮细胞的保护提供了有效的方法。     

KLF5沉默通过抑制NF-κB信号通路减少氧化应激条件下心肌细胞炎症因子分泌

目的研究沉默Krüpple样因子5(KLF5)对氧化应激条件下心肌细胞炎症因子分泌的影响及机制。方法心肌H9c2细胞用过氧化氢处理,qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中KLF5 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。用KLF5 shRNA慢病毒感染H9c2细胞,给予过氧化氢处理后,qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中KLF5表达水平。MTT检测沉默KLF5对过氧化氢处理的心肌细胞活性的影响,同时用qRT-PCR法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)mRNA水平,Western blot检测细胞中核因子-κBp65(NF-κBp65)蛋白水平。用NF-κB激活剂处理沉默KLF5的心肌细胞,MTT检测其在过氧化氢处理后细胞活性,qRT-PCR法检测过氧化氢处理后细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β水平。结果过氧化氢诱导H9c2细胞中KLF5 mRNA和蛋白表达。KLF5 shRNA慢病毒感染可下调氧化应激条件下H9c2细胞中KLF5的表达。过氧化氢能够下调H9c2细胞活性,提高细胞分泌的TNF-α、IL-1β水平,促进细胞中NF-κBp65蛋白表达。沉默KLF5能够提高过氧化氢条件下H9c2细胞经活性,减少细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1β,抑制细胞中NF-κBp65蛋白表达。NF-κB激活剂可以逆转沉默KLF5对过氧化氢处理的心肌细胞增殖活性、炎症因子分泌的影响。结论氧化应激诱导心肌细胞表达KLF5,沉默其表达可以通过抑制NF-κB通路减少心肌细胞中炎症因子表达。     

Toll样受体4及相关炎性信号分子在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肾脏组织水平升高

目的探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(My D88)、核因子κBp65(NF-κBp65)在高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的肥胖小鼠肾脏组织中的表达。方法 45只健康C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为HFD组(n=39)和对照组(n=6)。HFD组给予高脂高糖饲料,对照组给予普通饲料,均喂养20周。每周测量小鼠体质量,取体质量增长值最高的13只为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)组,称量内脏脂肪质量。检测血清肌酐、尿素氮(BUN)及内毒素水平。HE染色、显微镜观察肾脏形态。实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测小鼠肾脏组织TLR2、TLR4、My D88、NF-κBp65及TNF-αmRNA水平,Western blot法检测小鼠肾脏组织TLR4、My D88、NF-κBp65蛋白水平。结果成功构建DIO小鼠模型;与对照组相比,DIO小鼠血内毒素水平升高,血肌酐、BUN水平无显著性差异,2组小鼠肾脏结构未见明显异常;与对照组小鼠相比,DIO小鼠肾脏TLR4、My D88、NF-κBp65、TNF-αmRNA水平升高,TLR2 mRNA水平无显著性差异;DIO小鼠肾脏TLR4、My D88、NF-κBp65蛋白水平升高。结论 TLR4及相关炎性信号分子在饮食诱导肥胖小鼠肾脏组织表达水平增加。     

RNAi沉默NF-κB p65对小鼠巨噬细胞细胞因子表达的影响

目的: 探讨RNA干扰(RNAi)技术在抑制NF-κB p65表达、调控LPS活化后巨噬细胞细胞因子表达中的应用。方法: 利用阳离子脂质体将NF-κB p65小干扰RNA(siRNA)瞬时转染入Ana-1细胞,RT-PCR及Western blotting法检测其沉默效率,ELISA法检测LPS(1 mg/L)刺激下0 h、4 h、12 h和24 h Ana-1细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10浓度。结果: NF-κB p65 siRNA转染24 h后,NF-κB p65在基因水平及蛋白水平表达均被明显抑制(P<0.05)。RNA干扰组Ana-1细胞培养上清中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6表达在相应时点内均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),IL-10表达显著升高,在12 h和24 h差异显著(P<0.05)。结论: 体外实验初步证实RNAi技术能有效沉默小鼠巨噬细胞NF-κB p65 基因的表达,下调其下游调控的促炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及上调抑炎症细胞因子IL-10的表达,从而抑制过度的炎症反应。     

汉黄芩素对流感病毒感染肺泡巨噬细胞炎症相关因子的影响

目的: 研究汉黄芩素对甲型流感病毒鼠肺适应株A/FM/1/47(H1N1)感染的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(NR8383)产生促炎症细胞因子、炎症介质及氧自由基的影响。 方法: 流感病毒感染 NR8383细胞1 h后,加入含汉黄芩素的培养基(终浓度16 mg/L),药物作用后6 h、12 h和24 h,ELISA法检测细胞上清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和单核细胞趋化蛋白 1(MCP-1)的含量,放射免疫测定法检测细胞上清中前列腺素E₂(PGE₂)、磷脂酸A₂(PLA₂)和白三烯B₄(LTB₄)的含量;药物作用后8 h、24 h、36 h和48 h,生化法检测细胞内一氧化氮(NO)含量和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性,4 h、8 h、18 h和24 h,生化法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;药物作用后24 h,real-time PCR检测细胞内TNF-α和MCP-1的mRNA水平。 结果: 汉黄芩素抑制了流感病毒感染NR8383细胞后TNF-α、MCP-1的转录和表达(P<0.01),降低了PGE₂、PLA₂、LTB₄和MDA的含量(P<0.05);减少了NO和iNOS的产生(P<0.05),增强了SOD的活性(P<0.05)。 结论: 汉黄芩素明显抑制了流感病毒感染后肺泡巨噬细胞内各种炎症相关因子的产生,具有抗炎作用。     

Enhancement of anti-influenza A virus cytotoxicity following influenza A virus vaccination in older, chronically ill adults.

We studied anti-influenza cytotoxicity by bulk peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (PBL) cultures derived from older, chronically ill volunteers undergoing vaccination. Vaccinees received either cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza A/Korea/1/82 (H3N2) virus intranasally or inactivated monovalent influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) subvirion vaccine intramuscularly. PBL were collected pre- and postvaccination and in vitro stimulated by autologous PBL infected with influenza A virus homologous and heterosubtypic to the respective vaccine strain. Cytotoxicity was measured against influenza A virus-infected autologous and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched PBL targets infected with influenza A virus homologous or heterosubtypic to the vaccine virus strain. Vaccinees infected with the live-attenuated virus developed significant rises in mean anti-influenza, HLA-restricted cytotoxicity that was cross-reactive against influenza A viruses homologous and heterosubtypic to the vaccine virus. The enhanced cross-reactive cytotoxicity was inducible postvaccination by in vitro stimulation with autologous PBL infected with the homologous influenza A (H3N2) virus and with influenza A (H1N1) virus. In contrast, after vaccination with inactivated monovalent subvirion vaccine, volunteers developed significant increases in mean anti-influenza, HLA-restricted cytotoxicity only against autologous PBL infected with homologous influenza A (H1N1) virus. Increased cytotoxicity occurred only after in vitro stimulation with autologous cells infected with homologous influenza A (H1N1) virus. Mean gamma interferon levels in supernatant fluids of influenza A virus-stimulated effector PBL did not increase postvaccination, despite increased levels of anti-influenza cytotoxicity displayed by the effector cells. We conclude that the live-attenuated influenza A virus infection induced a broader range of enhanced anti-influenza cytotoxicity than did the inactivated subvirion vaccine.     

Inhibition of subtilisin by influenza virus infected allantoic fluids

Allantoic fluids harvested from embryonated chicken eggs infected with reference strains of influenza A viruses were analysed for subtilisin inhibitor activity. While all acid heat-treated and nontreated virus-infected fluids could reduce subtilisin activity, fluids of FM and Bangkok strains had the greatest inhibitory ability. The degree of subtilisin inhibition closely paralleled the appearance of infectious Bangkok and FM virus in allantoic fluid. Maximum levels were achieved at 48 hr post-infection (p.i.) Ultracentrifugation analyses indicated that the bulk of thermostable inhibitor(s) of 48 hr Bangkok and FM infectious fluids remained in the supernatant rather than sedimenting with the viral pellet.     

Human influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cells

Acute encephalopathy accompanying influenza virus infection results in brain and systemic organ failure mainly through vasogenic edema with high levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as blood tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as the cytochrome c apoptosis marker. A highly virulent strain of avian influenza virus causes fatal infection in chickens by infecting vascular endothelial cells in systemic organs, inducing apoptosis therein. To verify the possibility of apoptosis induction by human influenza virus in infected human vascular endothelial cells, purified influenza virus-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined using a tissue culture method. When pre-treated with TNF-alpha, influenza virus (Philippine strain, H3N2) promoted TNF-alpha induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Viral replication was confirmed in HUVECs infected with the Philippine strain in the absence of TNF-alpha by measurement of the amount of infective virus in the culture supernatant using the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID) method, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. The number of influenza virus genomes in the infected HUVECs at 24 hr post-infection increased about fivefold compared to that just after virus adsorption. Many TUNEL-positive influenza virus-infected HUVECs were observed using the TUNEL method. Furthermore, cleaved caspase 3 was also detected in influenza virus-infected cells by immunofluorescence staining. These results demonstrated that human influenza virus can infect and replicate in human vascular endothelial cells and induce apoptosis therein.     

鼠巨细胞病毒感染RAW264.7细胞的体外实验研究

目的 体外观察鼠巨细胞病毒(murine cytomegalovirus,MCMV)对鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264.7的感染特点及其对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 分别以感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为1、0.1、0.01的MCMV Smith株感染RAW细胞,于感染后6、12、24、36、48、72、96和120 h收集细胞和培养上清,光镜下观察细胞病变,透射电镜观察感染细胞内病毒颗粒和细胞超微结构变化;免疫细胞化学检测MCMV早期抗原(early antigen,EA)表达以及蚀斑形成实验监测病毒增殖情况;MTT法和流式细胞术分别评估感染细胞增殖与凋亡的改变,以MCMV敏感的鼠胚胎成纤维细胞为阳性对照.结果 MCMV感染后24～48 h可见RAW细胞肿胀和脱落,电镜显示RAW胞浆中存在完整的病毒颗粒且细胞器肿胀明显;病毒感染RAW细胞后6 h(MOI:1和0.1)～12 h(MOI=0.01)可见病毒EA的阳性表达;感染后24 h培养上清中病毒滴度即明显上升,至96～120 h达高峰;RAW细胞增殖在感染后72～120 h受到明显抑制;当MOI=0.1时,感染后72～120 h细胞死亡率明显增高,但凋亡率改变不显著.结论 巨噬细胞株RAW264.7在体外对MCMV易感,较鼠胚胎成纤维细胞更快形成溶细胞性的产毒性感染;病毒可抑制细胞增殖但不影响细胞凋亡,为深入探讨CMV相关免疫学致病机制提供了一个良好的体外细胞模型.     

Host defense mechanisms against influenza virus: interaction of influenza virus with murine macrophages in vitro.

The interaction of mouse macrophages with influenza virus was examined as part of a study into the defense mechanisms against influenza infection. Macrophages exposed to A/Port Chalmers/1/73 virus produced infectious foci on susceptible indicator cell monolayers. Sampling of supernatant fluids and cells from infected macrophage cultures showed release of virus adsorbed to the cell surface. Active virus replication in macrophages could not be demonstrated. Exposing macrophages to specific antibody before or after virus infection resulted in a significant decrease in the number of infectious macrophages. The results suggest that although macrophages are not the source of replicating influenza virus, they are able to spread the infection by having virus attaching to their surface. This activity is interfered with by the presence of specific antibody.     

1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体2介导PI3K/AKT/eNOS通路抑制甲型流感病毒诱导的病毒性肺炎

目的:探讨1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体2(S1PR2)对甲型流感病毒诱导的病毒性肺炎的作用及机制。方法:采用甲型流感病毒鼠肺适应株FM1滴鼻感染野生C57BL/6小鼠和S1pr2~(-/-)小鼠,建立甲型流感病毒性肺炎动物模型。病毒感染4和6 d时观察比较对照组(模型组的野生小鼠)、JTE-013(S1PR2高效拮抗剂)处理的小鼠及S1pr2~(-/-)小鼠肺组织的病理改变,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的蛋白浓度、细胞总数及细胞因子[白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]的表达,Western blot法检测小鼠肺组织的AKT和e NOS的磷酸化水平。结果:与模型对照组的野生鼠比较,JTE处理组和S1pr2~(-/-)组甲型流感病毒性肺炎更加严重;BALF中的蛋白浓度,总细胞数及炎性细胞因子表达显著增加;且PI3K下游靶点AKT和e NOS磷酸化显著增高(P0.01)。结论:S1PR2通过介导PI3K/AKT/e NOS信号转导通路,调节NO生成,抑制血管通透性和炎性细胞因子释放,从而减轻甲型流感病毒诱导的病毒性肺炎。     

SAM-P1鼠对神经毒型流感病毒R404BP株中枢神经系统感染的免疫防御

目的：研究SAM-P1鼠中枢神经系统被流感病毒感染后，机体对感染神经元的清除及病毒感染所诱导的免疫应答。方法：采用立体定位微量注射法，用神经毒型流感病毒R404BP株经嗅球感染SAM-P1鼠，造成实验性流感病毒脑炎动物模型。检测感染鼠生存率，感染神经元清除时间以及Th1型细胞免疫。结果：SAM-P1鼠对流感病毒R404BP株易感性高，感染后生存率降低，清除感染神经元所需时间延长，脾淋巴细胞NK活性及CTL，杀伤活性低下。结论：老化鼠因机体Th1型免疫应答下降导致对神经毒型流感病毒免疫防御机制的降低。     

Design of a recombinant strain of the vaccinia virus containing an expressible gene for influenza A virus hemagglutinin

A recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) strain containing a cloned gene of influenza A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2) hemagglutinin (HA) gene has been produced. HA expression in CV-1 cells infected with the recombinant virus was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The influenza virus HA titer was 1:64-1:128. When rabbits were inoculated intravenously with the recombinant VaV, antibody titres were 1:5120. The recombinant VaV preparation may be used for generation of monospecific antibody to influenza virus.