GSTM1空白基因型与原发性肝细胞癌遗传易感性的研究

为了探讨ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型与原发性肝细胞癌（简称肝癌）遗传易感性的关系，应用ＰＣＲ方法对６５例肝癌患者和１０６例健康对照的ＧＳＴＭ１基因型进行了检测。结果表明，肝癌病例的ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型频率为６７．６９％，对照组则为４７．１７％，两者差异显著（χ２＝６．８６，Ｐ＝０．００８８）。ＯＲ值为２．３５（９５％ＣＩ＝１．１７～４．７４），ＥＦ值为０．３８８９。提示具有ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型的个体，患肝癌的危险性增加１．３５倍，由该因素所致的病例占人群中全部肝癌病例的３８．８９％。     

原发性肝癌中MTS1/p16基因缺失的研究

肝癌的发生和发展是多种遗传改变的累积造成的，原发性肝细胞癌（ｈｅｐａｔｉｃｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ＨＣＣ）的发生、发展与癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活有关。ＭＴＳ１／ｐ１６是新发现的多重抑癌基因（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｔｕｍｏｕｒｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｏｒ，ＭＴＳ１）现已证实，ＭＴＳ１／ｐ１６在人类多种恶性肿瘤中存在着不同形式的改变［１，２］。我们采用差别聚合酶链反应技术分析了３４例原发性肝细胞癌组织、癌旁组织和１０例肝炎后肝硬变肝组织的ＭＴＳ１／ｐ１６外显子２的缺失，以便了解ＭＴＳ１／ｐ１６基因…     

肝癌组织中N—ras基因突变和p53蛋白表达

目的：研究Ｎ－ｒａｓ和ｐ５３基因与肝癌发生，发展的关系。方法：应用多聚酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析法（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）和免疫组化法，检测２９例肝癌中的Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变和ｐ５３蛋白的表达。结果，１３例肝癌ｐ５３蛋白阳性（４４．８％），表明广西地区肝癌中曾普遍存在ｐ５３基因的突变，肝癌及癌旁组织中Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因在第２～３７密码子间的突变率分别为７９．３１％和８０．７７％，２２例有２个以上突变位点（     

间隙连接Cx32 mRNA、Cx43 mRNA及其蛋白产物在肝细胞肝癌中的表达

目的：探讨间隙连接基因Ｃｘ３２ｍＲＮＡ、Ｃｘ４３ｍＲＮＡ及其蛋白产物在肝细胞癌（ｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ＨＣＣ）发生的重要意义。方法：应用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学法、原位杂交和流式细胞仪分析技术，研究６１例ＨＣＣ、１４例正常肝组织以及肝癌细胞系ＨＨＣＣ、ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１、正常肝细胞系ＱＺＧ中，Ｃｘ３２ｍＲＮＡ、Ｃｘ４３ｍＲＮＡ及其蛋白产物的表达规律。结果：Ｃｘ３２蛋白在ＨＣＣⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级和正常肝组织中的阳性率分别为５５．６％、４２．１％、１８．２％和９２．９％；Ｃｘ３２蛋白在ＨＨＣＣ、ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１和ＱＺＧ中阳性细胞计数率分别为１．９％、１．７％和９９．０％。Ｃｘ４３蛋白在ＨＣＣⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级和正常肝组织中的阳性率分别为４４．４％、２６．３％、１２．１％和７８．６％。Ｃｘ４３蛋白在ＨＨＣＣ、ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１和ＱＺＧ中阳性细胞计数率分别为７．３％、２．３％和９９．１％。Ｃｘ３２、Ｃｘ４３在ＨＣＣ各级和正常肝组织中差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），在肝癌细胞系ＨＨＣＣ、ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１和正常肝细胞系ＱＺＧ中阳性细胞计数率差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。原位杂交显示，Ｃｘ３２ｍＲＮＡ在ＨＣＣⅠ、     

原发性肝癌中GSTM1基因多态与P53249密码子突变的相关研究

为了探索肝癌的发生是否同人体解毒酶系统中某些解毒酶如ＧＳＴ的功能缺陷有关，我们检测了１４７个正常个体和４５例原发性肝癌组织Ｐ５３基因２４９密码子突变情况，结果发现ＧＳＴＭ２－ｍｕｌｌ等位基因在正常人群中的频率为０．７１，而在患者中为０．８２，经统计检验其差异有显著性。在３７个原发性肝癌患者中，发现２４９密码子突变８例，且均为ＧＳＴＭＩ－ｎｕｌｌ纯合子。表明ＧＳＴＭ１在肝癌的演化和发生中，经解毒黄曲     

膀胱移行细胞癌中p16基因的改变

目的 明确ｐ１６基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的改变。方法 采用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交、聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）及ＤＮＡ甲蜞化分析技术分别检测５２例膀胱移行细胞癌中ｐ１６基因的缺失、突变及５′ＣｐＧ岛甲基化。结果 ５２例膀胱移行细胞癌中１１例（２１．５％）存在ｐ１６基因的缺失;仅１例肿瘤于ｐ１６基因外显子２出现点突变;１９例（３６．５％）肿瘤发现ｐ１６基因５′ＣｐＧ岛甲基化。结     

肝细胞代偿性增生对二甲基亚硝胺致癌作用的影响

目的探讨肝细胞代偿性增生对二甲基亚硝胺（ＮＤＭＡ）致大鼠肿瘤作用的影响。方法对照组用ＮＤＭＡ处理,实验组首次ＮＤＭＡ处理前２４小时行部分肝切除术。观察肿瘤发生情况及γ谷氨酰转肽酶（ＧＧＴ）、胎盘型谷胱甘肽Ｓ转移酶（ＧＳＴＰ）、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和癌基因的表达。结果实验组肝脏ＧＧＴ和ＧＳＴＰ灶的数量和面积高于对照组,ＧＳＴＰ的表达高于ＧＧＴ,肾癌变过程中见ＧＳＴＰ的表达。实验组第５６周肿瘤总发生率和第７１周肿瘤总发生率及肝、肾肿瘤发生率高于对照组。ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞数量与肝病变组织的增殖情况一致。胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ（ＩＧＦⅡ）与ｃｍｙｃ、ＨｒａｓｍＲＮＡ的表达在变异肝细胞灶和结节较高,在肝细胞癌和腺瘤较弱,肝组织未见ｃｊｕｎｍＲＮＡ表达。结论肝细胞代偿性增生促进多次低剂量ＮＤＭＡ的致癌作用。ＩＧＦⅡ与ｃｍｙｃ、Ｈｒａｓ基因产物的过量表达在肝癌发生、发展中可能具有协同作用。     

DNA修复基因hOGG1多态与食管癌遗传易感性

目的：研究修复８－羟基鸟嘌呤的ｈＯＧＧ１基因Ｓｅｒ３２６Ｃｙｓ多态与中国人食管癌易感性的关系。方法：采用病例－对照分子流行病学方法,以ＰＣＲ－单链构象多态（ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｓｔｒａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ,ＳＳＣＰ）技术,分析了２０１名正常对照和１９６例食管癌患者ｈＯＧＧ１基因第３２６位Ｓｅｒ／Ｓｅｒ、Ｓｅｒ／Ｃｙｓ和Ｃｙｓ／Ｃｙｓ基因型分布,并比较不同基因型与食管癌风险的关系。结果：正常人群的Ｓｅｒ／Ｓｅｒ、Ｓｅｒ／Ｃｙｓ和Ｃｙｓ／Ｃｙｓ基因型频率分别为３３．８％、５２．８％和１３．４％,而食管癌病例组则分别为３９．８％、３８．８％和２１．４％。虽然两组人群的Ｃｙｓ等位基因频率基本相同（３９．８％４０．８％）,但食管癌病例组的Ｃｙｓ／Ｃｙｓ基因型频率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

人肝癌及肝硬变中IGF－2及HBxAg表达的对比研究

对６０例肝细胞癌、癌旁肝组织和４７例肝硬变石蜡切片进行ＩＧＦ－２和ＨＢｘＡｇ免疫组化染色。结果表明，在ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性的肝癌和肝硬变中ＩＧＦ－２阳性率分别为１００％（３２／３２例）和９４．６％（３５／３７例），而ＨＢｘＡｇ阴性组分别为８２．１％（２３／２８例）和６０％（６／１０例）。ＩＧＦ－２在肝癌中的阳性强度明显高于癌旁肝和肝硬变。ＩＧＦ－２的分布形态有：（１）胞浆包涵体样、（２）全胞浆、（３）核内分布三种。癌旁肝及肝硬变中可见小多角细胞（ＳＰＬＣ）呈ＩＧＦ－２和ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性。对ＩＧＦ－２在肝癌、癌旁肝和肝硬变中表达的意义及其与ＨＢｘＡｇ的关系以及ＳＰＬＣ的性质进行了讨论。     

亚硝基胍诱发大鼠胃腺癌发生发展过程中p53、ras基因表达和突变的研究

目的探讨ｐ５３、ｒａｓ基因在亚硝基胍（ＮｍｅｔｈｙｌＮ′ｎｉｔｒｏＮｎｉｔｒｏｓｏｇｕａｎｉｄｉｎｅ，ＭＮＮＧ）诱发大鼠胃腺癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法用免疫组织化学、聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ）技术对大鼠正常腺胃粘膜、癌前病变和胃腺癌组织中ｐ５３，ｒａｓ基因的表达和突变进行检测。结果ｐ５３蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为５０％（２０／４０只），正常和癌前病变组织中为阴性；ｒａｓ蛋白（ｐ２１）癌前病变组织中阳性率为４４％（２３／５２只），在癌组织中为２３％（９／４０只）。癌组织中ｐ５３基因突变率为４５％（１８／４０只），非癌组织为阴性。癌组织及癌前病变组织中均未发现ｒａｓ基因突变。结论在ＭＮＮＧ诱发大鼠胃腺癌发生发展过程中，ｒａｓ基因的激活是一早期事件，可能参与了癌的发生过程，而ｐ５３突变则主要与胃癌的进展有关。     

Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione S Transferases M1 and T1 in Indian Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate whether the association of GSTM1/T1 gene polymorphisms modifies the risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and what is its correlation with other predisposing risk factors like alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and hepatitis B and C infections. Study design/setting: It was a case-control study, included 254 HCC cases compared with 525 hospital-based age and sex matched cases of chronic liver disease without HCC as controls from Indian population. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were detected using conventional multiplex PCR method. Results: In this case-control study, we observed a positive correlation between age, HBV and HCV infection, smoking habit of > 20 packs/year, alcohol consumption of > 100 g/day and risk of liver cancer. We found significantly increased risk associated with GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 2.52–4.84) as well as GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 2.19–4.45), respectively. However, an increased risk of HCC was observed among heavy drinkers with GSTM1 (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.11–3.66). Further, cigarette smoking showed a non-significant association with GSTT1 (OR = 1.49; CI = 0.69–3.25). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the variants in low penetrance gene such as GSTM1 and GSTT1 are associated with an increased liver cancer risk. Further, an influence of GSTM1/T1 null genotypes may contribute in the etiology of HCC in patients with higher cigarette and alcohol consumption.     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1和T1基因多态性与肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的和方法:采用病例-对照研究方法和多重PCR技术检测肺癌病例组161人和健康对照组165人的GSTM1(glutathioneS-transferaseM1)和GSTT1(glutathioneS-transferaseT1)基因缺陷型的频率,以多因素Logistic回归模型评价GSTM1和GSTT1基因型之间以及基因型与吸烟之间的交互作用。以探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1和T1的基因多态性与肺癌发病的关系。结果:GSTM1基因缺陷型和GSTT1基因缺陷型的频率在病例组和对照组之间均无显著的差异。在不吸烟(SI=0)的人群中,GSTM1基因缺陷型携带者患肺癌的危险性显著增加。此外,该基因型还可显著增加年龄≥60岁者患肺腺癌的危险性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示吸烟和GSTM1基因缺陷型是肺癌的危险因素,吸烟与GSTM1和GSTT1基因型不存在交互作用。分层分析表明GSTT1基因功能型与GSTM1基因缺陷型存在明显的交互作用,在年龄≥60岁的人群及不吸烟的人群中,GSTT1基因功能型可以使得GSTM1基因缺陷型携带者患肺腺癌的危险度分别降低48.5%和45.3%。结论:GSTM1基因缺陷型是非吸烟者和年龄≥60岁者患肺癌,尤其是患肺腺癌的危险因素,GSTT1基因功能型可以降低不吸烟或年龄≥60岁的GSTM1基因缺陷型携带者患肺腺癌的危险度。在肺癌的发生过程中GSTM1和GSTT1基因缺陷型与吸烟不存在交互作用。     

The role of glutathione transferases M1 and T1 in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population

BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to bladder cancer is thought to depend on interplay between genetic factors and environmental chemical carcinogens. AIM: This study seeks to determine the role of the glutathione transferases M1 and T1 null genotypes (GSTM1*0 and GSTT1*0) in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population. METHOD: Sixty-two patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer and 79 controls were examined with respect to the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes. RESULTS: The frequencies of the GSTT1 null in the total group of bladder cancer cases vs. controls did not differ statistically. The proportion of GSTM1 null genotype in patients was 63% compared to 45% in controls group (OR = 2.03; 95% CI 0.97-4.24; p = 0.04). A significantly higher incidence of GSTM1 deletion genotype was found in smokers with bladder cancer compared to the controls (65.38% vs. 45.5%). Smokers lacking the GSTM1 gene are at an approximately 2.2-fold higher risk of bladder cancer (OR= 2.23, 95% CI 1-5.15; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that in Tunisian subjects the GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. This association appears to depend upon smoking status.     

Genetic polymorphism of the glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes in three distinct Arab populations

Deletion polymorphisms for the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene are associated with increased risk of cancer, and are implicated in detoxifying mutagenic electrophilic compounds. GST Polymorphic variants were reported for different populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes among Bahraini, Lebanese and Tunisian Arabs. GST genotyping was done by multiplex PCR-based methods. Study subjects comprised 167 Bahrainis, 141 Lebanese and 186 Tunisians unrelated healthy individuals. GSTM1 deletion homozygosity of 49.7%, 52.5% and 63.4% were recorded for Bahraini, Lebanese and Tunisians, respectively. Among Bahrainis, the prevalence of GSTT1 null homozygotes was 28.7%, while in higher rates were seen in Lebanese (37.6%) and Tunisians (37.1%). Our results indicate that there are no major differences in allelic distribution of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes between the three Arab populations investigated except between Bahrainis and Tunisians regarding the allelic distribution of GSTM1 gene (P=0.013). Combined analysis of both genes revealed that 14.4% of Bahrainis, 16.3% of Lebanese and 21.0% of Tunisians harbor the deleted genotype of both genes. This is the first study that addresses GST gene polymorphism in Bahraini and Lebanese Arabs, and will help genetic studies on the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with disease risks and drug effects in Arab populations.     

汉族人群谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1、T1基因多态性分析

目的 分析汉族人群谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1、T1(GSTM1,GSTT1)的基因多态性分布。方法样本为60名唐山地区汉族人群，采用多重等住基因聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法分析GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性。结果 GSTM1缺失型和GSTT1缺失基因型频率分别为33．3％和11．7％，同时具有GSTM1缺失型和GSTT1缺失型的个体频率为1．7％。结论唐山地区GSTM1,GSTT1基因呈多态性分布，其等位基因和基因型频率不同于其他种族。     

Glutathione S-transferase M1*null genotype but not myeloperoxidase promoter G-463A polymorphism is associated with higher susceptibility to endometriosis

Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), one member of the GST family, is responsible for metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in the oxidation and activation of carcinogens and nitric oxide. Allelic variants of GSTM1 and MPO gene polymorphisms might impair detoxification function and increase the susceptibility to endometriosis. We aimed to investigate if these polymorphisms are useful markers for predicting endometriosis susceptibility. Women were divided into two groups: (i) endometriosis (n=150); (ii) non-endometriosis (n=159). Polymorphisms for GSTM1 and MPO were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and detected by electrophoresis after restriction digestion. The relative frequencies of the GSTM1*wild (+/+,+/0)/null (0/0) genotypes and MPO-463*G/A gene polymorphisms between both groups were compared. The distribution of GSTM1 polymorphisms was significantly different between the two groups. Proportions of GSTM1*wild/null alleles in both groups were: (i) 36.7/63.3%; (ii) 95/5% (P=0.001). In contrast, MPO-463 genotypes were not significantly different between the two groups. Proportions of MPO*A homozygote/heterozygote/G homozygote in both groups were: (i) 2.7/17.4/79.9% and (ii) 1.9/17/81.1% (P> 0.05). We conclude that the GSTM1*null genotype is associated with a higher risk of endometriosis development. MPO-463*G/A gene polymorphism is not related to the susceptibility of endometriosis.     

The role of glutathione transferases M1 and T1 in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population

Background: Susceptibility to bladder cancer is thought to depend on interplay between genetic factors and environmental chemical carcinogens.

Aim: This study seeks to determine the role of the glutathione transferases M1 and T1 null genotypes (GSTM1*0 and GSTT1*0) in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population.

Method: Sixty-two patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer and 79 controls were examined with respect to the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes.

Results: The frequencies of the GSTT1 null in the total group of bladder cancer cases vs. controls did not differ statistically. The proportion of GSTM1 null genotype in patients was 63% compared to 45% in controls group (OR?=?2.03; 95% CI 0.97–4.24; p?=?0.04). A significantly higher incidence of GSTM1 deletion genotype was found in smokers with bladder cancer compared to the controls (65.38% vs. 45.5%). Smokers lacking the GSTM1 gene are at an approximately 2.2-fold higher risk of bladder cancer (OR?=?2.23, 95% CI 1–5.15; p?=?0.03).

Conclusion: This study suggests that in Tunisian subjects the GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. This association appears to depend upon smoking status.     

PCR-SSCP法检测人肝癌组织中nm23-H1基因突变的研究

目的观察nm23-H1基因在人原发性肝细胞癌中的突变情况，探讨nm23-H1基因突变与肝癌发生、发展度转移的关系。方法采用PCR-SSCP方法对16例肝癌组织、12例癌旁组织和4例正常肝组织的nm23-H1基因的第1、2、4外显子进行突变检测。结果共有5例发生nm23-H1基因突变。在1例癌旁组织中检测到nm23-H1基因第2外显子纯合缺失；在1例肝癌组织中第1外显子、1例第2外显子，癌旁组织中2例第2外显子检测到基因突变。结论nm23-H1基因突变在肝癌组织中发生率低，nm23-H1基因突变可能与肝癌进展度转移有关。