胃腺癌血清蛋白质标志物的筛选及鉴定

目的: 探讨并鉴定胃腺癌患者血清中肿瘤相关蛋白作为特异性标志物的可能性。方法: 应用表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)技术检测109例胃腺癌和106例对照(60健康者、30例慢性浅表性胃炎和16例慢性萎缩性胃炎)的血清标本,应用生物信息学方法筛选差异蛋白峰,经高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离出差异蛋白,酶解后进行液质联用串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析,利用Xcalibur的程序组件Bioworks 3.2完成蛋白质序列数据库鉴定分析。结果: 经SELDI-TOF-MS技术筛选出m/z位于5 906.5的蛋白质标志物在胃腺癌中高表达(胃腺癌组表达强度为8.53±4.33,正常组表达强度为0.88±0.31),显著差异(P<0.01);6 635.7和8 716.3的蛋白质标志物在胃腺癌中低表达(胃腺癌组表达强度为6.54±2.44和0.93±0.29,正常组表达强度为17.56±4.43和2.16±0.98),差异显著(P<0.01)。联合上述3种潜在蛋白质标志物,区别胃腺癌组和对照组的灵敏度为93.85%(61/65),特异性为94.34%(50/53)。对m/z为5 906.5、6 635.7和8 716.3的标志物进行鉴定,结果分别为纤维蛋白原α链、载脂蛋白 A-II和载脂蛋白 C-I。结论: 鉴定出的纤维蛋白原α链、载脂蛋白 A-II和载脂蛋白 C-I在胃腺癌的诊断中具有一定价值和广泛应用前景,值得进一步研究和探讨。     

蛋白质指纹图谱在乳腺癌诊断与随访中的应用研究

目的:应用表面加强激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)和CM10蛋白质芯片检测乳腺癌患者血清蛋白质指纹图谱,筛选候选肿瘤标志物,建立、验证诊断模型并初步探讨其在术后随访监测中的价值。方法:SELDI-TOF-MS技术及CM10芯片检测63例乳腺癌和40例健康人的指纹图谱,ZJU-PDAS软件筛选标志物、建立模型,在另23例乳腺癌和20例健康人中盲法验证模型;并检测16份术后标本以探索其随访监测价值。结果:质荷比(m/z)为3.9kD和5.6kD的2个蛋白质峰(分别命名为BC1和BC2)构建的模型诊断乳腺癌灵敏度为87.30%(55/63)、特异度为95.00%(38/40);盲法验证灵敏度为95.65%(22/23)、特异度为85.00%(17/20);对不同病期患者具有相同诊断效力(P0.05)。BC1手术后表达升高;BC2手术后表达降低,且复发转移组表达高于无瘤生存组(P0.05)。结论:该方法在乳腺癌的诊断、术后随访及肿瘤标志物筛选等方面具有一定价值,值得进一步研究。     

SELDI-TOF-MS技术检测心绞痛患者血浆蛋白指纹图谱的研究

目的： 采用表面增强激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱（SELDI-TOF-MS）技术检测心绞痛患者血浆蛋白质指纹图谱,从中筛选出特异的分子标志物。方法: 应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术及金属离子螯合（IMAC-3）蛋白质芯片对20例心绞痛患者和29例正常对照者血浆样本进行检测,借助生物信息学工具（非线性的支持向量机,SVM）提出心绞痛的诊断模型,并运用留一交叉验证法来评估该模型的判别效能。结果: 用SELDI-TOF-MS技术筛选出由3个有显著差异的蛋白质峰［质荷比（m/z）分别为2 667.3、5 914.0和6 890.5］组合构建的诊断模型,可将20例心绞痛患者和29例正常人全部正确分组,诊断特异性和灵敏度均为100%。结论: SELDI-TOF-MS技术在心绞痛的诊断中具有较高灵敏度和特异性,发现的蛋白质峰可能在心绞痛的发病中起一定作用,血浆中分子标志物的发现有助于心绞痛的早期诊断。     

肺鳞癌患者和健康人血清的差异蛋白质组学研究

目的：比较肺鳞癌患者和健康人血清蛋白质组的差异，为筛选肺鳞癌血清分子标志物提供依据。方法：以5例健康人和5例I期肺鳞癌患者的血清为样本，采用15%的聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分离血清蛋白质，Bandleader凝胶图像分析软件识别两种血清样本差异的蛋白质条带，电喷雾-四极杆-串联质谱（ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS）鉴定差异蛋白质条带中的蛋白质。Western印迹检测差异蛋白质结合珠蛋白-2（haptoglobin-2，HP-2)在肺鳞癌患者和健康人血清中的表达。结果：建立了健康人和肺鳞癌患者血清样品的一维凝胶电泳图谱，图像分析识别了4条差异蛋白质条带，质谱鉴定出29种非冗余的血清蛋白质。Western印迹证实了HP-2在肺鳞癌患者和健康人血清中的差异表达。结论：29种血清差异蛋白质为筛选肺鳞癌的血清分子标志物提供了实验依据。     

鼻咽癌转移相关的分泌蛋白质的筛选

目的：筛选鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NPC）转移相关的分泌蛋白质，为阐明NPC转移机制以及筛选NPC转移分子标志物提供实验依据。方法：应用二维凝胶电泳（two-dimensional electrophoresis，2-DE）技术分离一对来自同一亲本，具有不同转移潜能的NPC细胞系5-8F和6-10B细胞的分泌蛋白质，图像分析识别差异表达的蛋白质点，基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和电喷雾-四极杆-串联质谱(ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS)对差异表达的蛋白质点进行鉴定。Western印迹法检测差异分泌蛋白质nm23-H1在两株细胞中的表达水平。结果：建立了5-8F和6-10B分泌蛋白质的2-DE图谱，质谱分析鉴定出14个非冗余的分泌蛋白质，其中Oncoprotein18等蛋白质在高转移潜能NPC细胞系5-8F中的表达水平高于无转移潜能的NPC细胞系，而nm23-H1等蛋白质在5-8F细胞系中的表达水平低于6-10B细胞系。Western印迹分析证实了nm23-H1在5-8F和6-10B细胞分泌蛋白质中的差异表达水平。结论：所鉴定的14个非冗余的差异分泌蛋白质为研究NPC转移机制以及筛选NPC转移分子标志物提供了实验依据。     

英夫利西单抗治疗克罗恩病黏膜愈合的血清差异蛋白质表达研究

目的:寻找与英夫利西单抗(infliximab,IFX)治疗克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)黏膜愈合(mucosal healing,MH)相关的血清蛋白质生物标志物。方法:采集7例经IFX治疗获得MH的CD患者治疗前(0周,A组)和治疗后(14周,B组)的血清,以及7例未获得MH的CD患者(0周为C组,14周为D组)的血清。采用荧光标记双向差异凝胶电泳的方法,比较A组与B组之间、C组与D组之间、A组与C组之间以及B组与D组之间的蛋白质组学差异,并对差异表达的蛋白质斑点进行基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间串联质谱初步鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果:(1)A组与B组、C组与D组、A组与C组以及B组与D组之间比较分别存在36、3、10和31个差异表达的蛋白质斑点,共计存在44个显著差异表达的蛋白质斑点。(2)上述各组之间的差异斑点分别初步鉴定出17、2、2和15种蛋白质,共计存在19种差异表达的蛋白质,包括载脂蛋白E、载脂蛋白A-I、补体因子H等。(3)基于STRING数据库绘制了蛋白质网状功能图。结论:IFX治疗获得MH的CD患者治疗前后的血清蛋白质表达谱存在差异,获得MH和未获得MH的患者血清表达谱亦存在差异,其中19种蛋白质有可能成为预测CD患者使用IFX获得MH的生物标志物。     

运用蛋白指纹图谱技术筛选类风湿关节炎患者血清特异性标志物

目的: 用纳米磁珠与基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术检测类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清蛋白质组,筛选候选蛋白标志物并建立诊断模型,初步探讨所建立的诊断模型在RA早期诊断中的临床意义。方法: 采用弱阳离子(WCX)纳米磁性微球捕获60例RA患者、35例骨性关节炎(OA)患者和36名健康体检者血清中的蛋白质。所获蛋白经PBSⅡ-C蛋白质芯片阅读仪绘制蛋白指纹图谱。这些蛋白指纹图谱经Ciphergen ProteinChip和Biomarker Wizard软件分析之后,再用Biomarker Patterns 软件进行识别,最终筛选出RA的特异性蛋白标志物,并优化组合建立诊断模型。结果: 在RA患者和对照组之间共找到33个差异蛋白峰(P<0.05)。其中质荷比(m/z)为15 715.5D、7 771.4D、8 959.4D、8 469.8D和8 710.8D的蛋白峰用于建立RA诊断模型。经双盲实验验证,该模型对RA诊断的敏感性为86.7%,特异性为90.0%。结论: 采用WCX纳米磁性微球联用MALDI-TOF-MS技术可检出RA患者血清中的特异性蛋白标志物,并建立敏感性和特异性均较高的RA诊断模型。     

应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术对肝损伤模型大鼠血清蛋白质表达谱的比较分析

目的： 应用SELDI-TOF-MS技术对肝损伤模型大鼠血清内蛋白质表达谱进行比较分析，以揭示肝损伤模型大鼠血清促使骨髓间质细胞向肝细胞方向分化的分子基础。方法: 采用2种不同蛋白质芯片CM10和IMAC3先对肝损伤模型大鼠血清进行吸附分馏，后置入蛋白质芯片阅读机，用激光解吸和离子化飞行时间质谱检测被富集到芯片样品点上的蛋白质，对肝损伤模型大鼠血清和正常大鼠血清间的蛋白质表达谱进行比较分析。结果: 肝损伤大鼠血清能诱导骨髓间质细胞向肝细胞方向分化。蛋白质芯片-飞行时间质谱（SELDI-TOF-MS）结果显示，CM10芯片共捕获到9个差异蛋白峰，其中有6个蛋白表达峰的峰值在肝损伤实验血清中明显高于对照组血清，其质荷比（m/z）分别为3 480、7 888、8 275、8 528、15 101和15 787；另有3个蛋白表达峰的峰值在肝损伤实验血清中明显低于对照组血清，其质荷比（m/z）分别为8 833、12 039和12 720。IMAC3芯片共捕获到5个差异蛋白峰，其中有3个蛋白表达峰的峰值在肝损伤实验血清中明显高于对照组血清，其质荷比（m/z）分别为3 481、15 105和15 792；另有2个蛋白表达峰的峰值在肝损伤实验血清中明显低于对照组血清，其质荷比（m/z）分别为9 018和11 593。结论: 肝损伤模型大鼠血清内确实存在差异表达蛋白，这些差异表达蛋白很可能是决定骨髓间质干细胞分化方向的“信号分子”。     

应用SELDI-TOF-MS筛选神经系统先天畸形胎儿羊水诊断标志物

目的分析神经系统先天畸形胎儿羊水和神经系统正常胎儿羊水的蛋白质表达差异。方法选择8例神经系统畸形胎儿羊水,其中男性4例,女性4例;孕妇年龄21～32岁,平均年龄24.9岁;孕周19～34周,平均孕周23.1周。30例经超声检查神经系统正常胎儿羊水作为对照组,其中男性15例,女性15例;孕妇年龄22～29岁,平均年龄25.1岁;孕周19～22周,平均孕周21.2周。运用表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)蛋白质芯片技术检测神经系统先天畸形胎儿羊水和神经系统正常胎儿羊水蛋白质表达图谱。胎儿羊水用WCX2(弱阳离子交换)芯片检测,采用PBSⅡC型蛋白质芯片阅读机读取数据,Protein-Chip software 3.1软件采集数据,Biomarker Wizard软件分析两组羊水的蛋白质差异。结果 SELDI-TOF-MS技术检测发现神经系统先天畸形胎儿羊水和神经系统正常胎儿羊水的蛋白质存在差异表达,共有9个蛋白质水平发生变化,其中质/荷比4 967.526、5 258.056、11 717.010的差异蛋白质在神经系统异常组表达下调,2 540.415、3 107.119、3 396.759、4 590.965、5 589.200、6 429.417的差异蛋白质在神经系统异常组表达上调。结论神经系统先天畸形胎儿羊水和神经系统正常胎儿羊水之间的蛋白质谱有差异蛋白质表达,检测到9个代表性的差异蛋白质很可能是神经系统疾病胎儿的羊水特异性生物标志物。     

应用蛋白质谱建立活动性肺结核病的血清诊断模型

目的 应用蛋白质谱技术研究活动性肺结核病患者的血清诊断标志物,建立诊断模型早期诊断活动性肺结核.方法 应用表面加强激光解吸-电离飞行时间质谱技术(SELDI-TOF-MS)和蛋白芯片技术检测264例活动性肺结核患者、其他呼吸疾病患者和正常人血清;应用Ciphergen蛋白芯片3.1.1软件比较、分析血清蛋白峰,找出差异蛋白;应用Biomarker Pattern 5.0软件建立活动性肺结核的诊断模型.结果 129例活动性肺结核血清和135例对照血清蛋白指纹图谱比较,有50个差异蛋白峰(P<0.01).以69例其他呼吸疾病血清和66例健康人血清为对照,选择5个蛋白峰(4360、3311、8160、5723、15173 m/z)建立诊断模型1,该模型诊断活动性肺结核的灵敏度为82.95%,特异性为89.63%,准确率为86.36%.以69例其他呼吸疾病血清为对照,选择3个蛋白峰(5643、4486、4360 m/z)建立诊断模型2,该模型诊断活动性肺结核的灵敏度为96.9%,特异性为97.8%,准确率为97.3%.结论 应用蛋白质谱技术分析肺结核病患者血清可能建立一种新的结核病早期诊断方法 .     

人诱导性多能干细胞源神经元移植治疗帕金森病的现状与未来

BACKGROUND:The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived dopaminergic neurons solves the problem that the embryonic stem cell (ESC) shows an ethical issue on its source, providing a promising cell source for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the differentiation methods of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons in vitro, the choice of Parkinson’s disease models and the transplantation of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson’s disease treatment. METHODS: In order to search relevant articles about the application of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson’s disease models from PubMed databases (from 1980 to 2015), a computer-based search was performed by the first author, using the key words of “iPSC and Parkinson’s disease, induced pluripotent stem cells and Parkinson’s disease, ES cells and Parkinson, PD model, Parkinson and Lewy bodies” in English. Finally 40 articles were chosen for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Here, this paper is detailed to show the research status of human iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons for treating Parkinson’s disease by reviewing the sources and in vitro differentiation schedules of iPSCs as well as the choice of Parkinson’s disease models and outcomes of transplantation of iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson’s disease treatment. According to the Parkinson’s disease mechanism of the Lewy body, we analyze the generation mechanism of the Lewy body, providing references to avert the presence of Lewy bodies and optimize the outcomes of transplantation. The improvement of differentiation conditions of iPSCs can markedly improve the behavior outcomes, and moreover, we can systematically evaluate the outcomes of transplantation by iconography and immunohistochemical results.     

Alteration in rat apolipoprotein C-III gene expression and lipoprotein composition during inflammation

A cloned rat apolipoprotein (apo) C-III cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to measure apo C-III mRNA levels in rats after induction of inflammation. Hepatic apo C-III mRNA levels decrease to a minimum value of 46% of normal 72 h after the induction of inflammation. The changes observed are very similar to the changes in mRNA levels of rat apo A-IV, while the hepatic mRNA levels for apo A-I and apo C-I during inflammation remain relatively constant. Alterations in apo C-III gene expression during inflammation were associated with changes in lipoprotein particle size and composition. A decrease of approximately twofold in the amount of apo C-III-containing HDL particles was found in rats 24 h after the induction of inflammation. The average size of apo C-III-containing HDL particles in rats during inflammation is significantly larger than that of the control group. A decrease in the concentration of apo A-I-containing HDL particles was also observed in these rats. The results indicate altered apolipoprotein gene expression associated with alterations in the size and composition of HDL particles.     

Quantification and clinical significance of plasma apolipoproteins

The apolipoproteins are important determinants of the structure and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. This paper reviews analytical methods and the clinical significance of plasma apolipoproteins. Our data on apo VLDL and apo HDL analysis using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), monoclonal antibody against apo VLDL, especially apo C-I, apo B isoproteins (apo B-100 and apo B-48) and plasma apolipoprotein concentrations in the patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, were described. Among the methods of apolipoprotein quantification, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) is widely used in Japan and plasma concentrations of apo A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III and E in healthy adults were reported. We showed the usefulness of FPLC for fractionation of human apo VLDL and apo HDL. We prepared several monoclonal antibodies against human apo VLDL, especially apo C-I, which were used for quantification and structural analysis of plasma apo C-I. Apo B-48 was found to be a good metabolic marker of exogenous lipoproteins (chylomicron and chylomicron remnant) and apo B-48 containing lipoproteins were increased in the poorly controlled diabetic patients.     

Effects of nicotinic acid on concentrations of serum apolipoproteins B, C-I, C-II, C-III and E in hyperlipidemic patients

Twenty-four patients with Type IIa, IIb, III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) were treated with 4 g of nicotinic acid daily with the purpose to study its effect on serum apolipoprotein B, C-I, C-II, C-III and E concentrations. Triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of whole serum and of different serum lipoprotein fractions were also determined. Analyses were performed prior to and after a drug treatment period of 6 weeks, during which all the patients were weight stable. Treatment caused a decrease in serum concentrations of apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, C-III and E. These highly significant reductions were all positively correlated to a reduction of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride levels of serum (r-values greater than 0.76, p less than 0.001). There were highly significant decreases in serum levels of apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein total cholesterol. These reductions were positively intercorrelated (r = 0.55; p less than 0.01). Similar effects were observed in the different HLP types and in both sexes. Treatment resulted in normolipidemia in 12 patients, who were hypercholesterolemic (7 type IIa, 3 type IIb, 2 type III hyperlipoproteinemia) prior to treatment. The serum apolipoprotein B concentrations of these 12 patients fell after therapy to values which, however, remained abnormally high. We suggest that serum lipid adjusting treatment should aim at a normalization not only of serum lipid concentrations but also of the serum apolipoprotein B concentration in order to achieve a maximal antiatherogenic effect.     

6-羟基多巴胺单侧两点注射法构建的帕金森病模型鼠

背景：帕金森病动物模型的建立对帕金森病的临床、基础实验研究中有重要作用,同时其稳定性也直接影响到研究的结果。 目的：评价6-羟基多巴胺单侧两点注射法构建的帕金森病模型大鼠行为及病理变化。 方法：SD大鼠62只随机分为实验组50只,正常组12只,采用脑内立体定向,将6-羟基多巴胺注入实验组大鼠右侧黑质致密部和中脑腹侧被盖区以建立帕金森病模型,观察大鼠行为变化、酪氨酸羟化酶及脑内多巴胺含量改变。 结果与结论：2周后实验组经阿朴吗啡诱导后,有22只向左侧旋转速度>7 r/min,2周与4周之间大鼠的旋转圈数差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。模型组中酪氨酸羟化酶及脑内多巴胺含量明显减少。说明应用6-羟基多巴胺单侧两点注射可成功建立行为及病理相似的帕金森病大鼠模型。     

Quantitation of human serum very low density apolipoproteins C-I,C-II,C-III and E by enzyme immunoassay

An enzyme immunoassay for human serum very low density apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, C-III and E is described. The assay is competitive and uses polystyrene tubes with adsorbed monospecific antibodies to which is added intact very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) conjugated with alkaline phosphatase.Conjugate containing all the different apolipoproteins complexed with lipids was used for quantitation of each individual apolipoprotein. The coefficients of variation were 7 and 10% for within-run and between-run reproducibility, respectively, for the range 50–100 ng apolipoprotein in the 0.5 ml sample. A comparison between apolipoprotein assays in intact and delipidated VLDL is presented.     

小胶质细胞介导帕金森病小鼠的氧化应激损伤

背景：研究证实,小胶质细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶可增加多巴胺能神经元对百草枯的摄取,造成百草枯对多巴胺能神经元的特异性杀伤作用。帕金森病的黑质纹状体存在小胶质细胞的激活,但其产生氧化应激作用机制尚不明确。 目的：建立帕金森病小鼠模型,观察小胶质细胞介导的氧化应激损伤在帕金森病中的作用。 方法：36只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为帕金森病模型组和对照组,每组18只。以腹腔注射百草枯10 mg/kg为模型组,等体积生理盐水为对照组,分别观察小鼠行为活动改变。采用高效液相法测定两组小鼠黑质纹状体多巴胺的含量及免疫组织化学方法检测两组小鼠黑质部位酪氨酸羟化酶、mac-1蛋白表达,同时应用化学比色法测定两组小鼠黑质部位超氧化物歧化酶、还原性谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛水平的变化。 结果与结论：模型组小鼠自发行为活动较对照组减少(P < 0.05)。高效液相法检测模型组小鼠黑质纹状体多巴胺含量及酪氨酸羟化酶蛋白的表达均显著低于对照组(P < 0.05),mac-1蛋白表达高于对照组(P < 0.05)。模型组超氧化物歧化酶、还原性谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性较对照组均显著下降(P < 0.05),丙二醛水平较对照组显著升高(P < 0.05)。提示中脑黑质部位小胶质细胞的激活致使氧化应激反应增强及抗氧化保护作用减弱可能是引起帕金森病发病的重要机制。     

Biomarkers for the Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

The aim of this study is to find novel biomarkers for prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We enrolled 245 eligible patients with ACS and compared the protein expression between the two groups, with or without major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). To determine biomarkers for prognosis, we performed mass spectrometry analysis. We found 10 proteins in the serum that can be used to classify ACS with or without MACE and specific protein peaks at m/z 1921.0, 2124.2, and 20887.3 that were increased in patients with MACE. These peaks reliably predict MACE occurrence in patients with ACS, in addition to the widely accepted markers troponin and brain natriuretic peptide precursor. The characteristic changes in the peaks at m/z 1921.09, 2124.2, and 20887.3 correlate with poor prognosis in ACS patients. These proteins could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers to evaluate patient prognosis. Anat Rec 293:1512–1518, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.