一种新型体外血浆脂类吸附过滤器的性能评价

目的对一种新型体外血浆脂类吸附过滤器JX—DELP进行性能评价。方法①通过体外静态吸附实验检验过滤器滤膜对血脂的吸附效果。②模拟过滤器产品结构组成，设计并加工了小型血浆过滤装置。使用该装置模拟临床应用条件，考察了血浆用量、过滤速度和时间对过滤吸附效果的影响；考察了循环过滤方式对高脂血症患者血浆的综合过滤吸附效果。③考察滤膜与全血直接接触条件下材料的血液相容性。结果过滤器的滤膜在体外对血脂的清除率分别为：总胆固醇（TC）16．7％，甘油三酯（TG）9．7％，低密度脂蛋白（LDL）13．5％。在体外循环实验中，在一定的血浆处理体积、过滤速度和时间内，对TC、TG和LDL的清除率分别为52．0％、50．1％和38．4％。血浆其他组分的浓度变化不显著。过滤器滤膜对全血各组分无显著破坏作用，溶血率仅为0．19％，具有良好的血液相容性。结论体外血浆脂类吸附过滤装置，JX—DELP，能快速有效地去除高脂血症患者血浆中含量过高的血脂，而不会对血液其他组分产生破坏作用，同时滤膜本身有很好的血液相容性。该装置可用于降低血脂和血黏度，临床治疗某些高血脂相关疾病。     

HB-H-8树脂吸附低密度脂蛋白的体外实验研究

目的 目前,用于降低血液中低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的吸附分离材料尚存在需要改进的地方.HB-H-8树脂在吸附LDL方面尚无应用,本研究对HB-H-8树脂的吸附性能进行了初步评价.方法 首先实验室制备HB-H-8树脂,经过处理后用其对LDL高于正常范围的患者血清标本进行体外动态和静态吸附实验.结果 体外动态吸附结果表明,HB-H-8树脂对LDL的吸附饱和时间为2h,最适吸附温度为恒温37℃,体外静态吸附结果显示HB-H-8树脂对LDL平均吸附率为63.2％,而对高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的平均吸附率为1.9％.结论 HB-H-8树脂对LDL具有良好的特异性吸附性能,有望开发为一种低密度脂蛋白的血液净化医用吸附材料.     

硅橡胶材料对血浆蛋白及血小板粘附作用的半体内试验

本文是研究三种血浆蛋白(γ—球蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白蛋白)在医用硅橡胶材料表面吸附的半体内同位素标记评价方法,同时由扫描电镜观察材料表面血小板粘附的数量和形态变化,从而评价国内外三种医用热硫化甲基乙烯基硅橡胶材料的血液相容性。研究结果表明:CHGB和DCGBE二种材料血液相容性相近,而STGB材料血液相容性较差。     

聚醚砜中空纤维透析膜血浆分离器的血液相容性评价

本研究通过溶血试验、动态凝血时间试验、体外动脉血栓形成试验及血小板粘附试验,综合评价了聚醚砜中空纤维透析膜血浆分离器的血液相容性,结果显示该材料具有较好的血液相容性。     

体外动态血栓形成试验在评价医用高分子材料血液相容性方面的应用研究

本文采用兔富血小板血浆进行体外动态血栓形成试验,以评价医用高分子材料的血液相容性。在观察不同医用高分子材料形成血栓过程中.发现整个过程可分为少量颗粒出现、大量颗粒涌现(即产生雪暴现象)、颗粒发生凝集、颗粒凝集回缩成块及形成圆柱形血小板血栓。本文对材料与血浆接触时间进行了研究,认为当材料与富血小板血浆接触60分钟后,可充分反映材料对富血小板血浆的作用。最后用本文建立的方法对五种高分子材料进行了测试。试验结果表明:特异血栓形成时间可作为评价医用高分子材料血液相容性的一个指标。     

TiO2-x薄膜与热解碳血液相容性的对比研究

本文用血小板粘附试验证实了TiO2-x薄膜具有优于热解碳的血液相容性;并通过对材料表面(界面)能参数与血浆蛋白吸附关系的分析,阐述了两种材料表面蛋白质的不同吸附行为是导致其血液相容性差异的重要原因.     

新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能研究

作者曾介绍了三种低密度脂蛋白(LDL)吸附剂的合成及其性能[1].本文介绍了用反相悬浮聚合法制备新型低密度脂蛋白的吸附剂,观察了此类吸附剂对低密度脂蛋白、总胆(TC)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的吸附性能.实验结果表明该吸附剂对LDL具有较高的选择性,吸附率可达54.9%,而对HDL则不吸附.     

抗凝血生物材料的血液相容性

背景：专家们认为改善抗凝血生物材料的血液相容性,可以明显提高抗凝血生物材料的抗凝血性能。 目的：评价聚酯类和钛类抗凝血生物材料的血液相容性。 方法：以文献检索的方法探讨聚酯类和钛类抗凝血生物材料对血液中红细胞、血小板、白蛋白、纤维蛋白以及凝血因子等的影响,并通过溶血试验、动态凝血试验、血小板黏附试验、血清蛋白吸附试验、复钙试验以及乳酸脱氢酶释放试验等分析聚酯类和钛类抗凝血生物材料的抗凝血性能,从而评估聚酯类和钛类抗凝血生物材料的血液相容性。 结果与结论：聚酯类抗凝血生物材料及钛类抗凝血生物材料的溶血率明显降低,血小板黏附较少,白蛋白的吸附量增加,纤维蛋白原的吸附明显减少,复钙时间及凝血时间明显延长,表现出较高的抗凝血性能,具有良好的血液相容性,是较为理想的抗凝血生物材料。     

生物材料表面血浆蛋白的吸附

本文综述了生物材料和血液接触后，血浆蛋白在材料表面的吸附行为和吸附机理，材料表面的特性对血浆蛋白吸附的影响因素，吸附蛋白对血小板的作用，材料表面改性对血浆蛋白吸附的影响和血液相容性的改善。     

生物材料表面血浆蛋白的吸附

本综述了生物材料和血液接触后，血浆蛋白在材料表面的吸附行为和吸附机理，材料表面的特性对血浆蛋白吸附的影响因素，吸附蛋白对血小板的作用，材料表面改性对血浆蛋白吸附的影响和血液相容性的改善。     

新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能研究

作者曾介绍了三种低密度脂蛋白（LDL）吸附剂的合成及其性能。本文介绍了用反相悬浮聚合法制备新型低密度脂蛋白的吸附剂，观察了此类吸附剂对低密度脂蛋白、总胆（TC）及高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的吸附性能。实验结果表明：该吸附剂对LDL具有较高的选择性，吸附率可达5４.9％，而对ＨＤＬ则不吸附。     

类风湿关节炎吸附剂的制备及间隔臂作用的研究

本研究以各种不同性质的氨基酸为配基通过共价键将其固定在纤维素凝胶微球上制备了类风湿关节炎吸附剂，研究了间隔臂长度和种类对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。结果表明以苯丙氨酸（Phe）或色氨酸（Trp）为配基的吸附剂对类风湿因子有较高的清除率，是较好的配基；吸附剂的间隔臂对其吸附性能有较大影响，随着间隔臂的加长，吸附剂对类风湿因子的清除率相应增加：以Phe为配基时对IgGRF的清除率由48．7％增加到59．6％，以Trp为配基时对IgGRF的清除率由46，2％增加到60．1％：采用支化间隔臂可明显提高配基的固定量，吸附剂对类风湿因子的清除率亦显著提高（以Phe为配基时对IgGRF的清除率为74％）。以长耳白兔为动物模型进行体外血液灌流实验显示此类吸附剂对血液中血细胞、血浆蛋白、血浆电解质的影响很小，该吸附剂的血液相容性良好。     

Adsorption of bilirubin by amine-containing crosslinked chitosan resins

Crosslinked chitosan resin, which has good blood compatibility, was prepared by crosslinking chitosan solution with glutaraldehyde. Polymeric adsorbents for bilirubin have been synthesized by chemical modification of crosslinked chitosan resins with di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentammines. The adsorption of bilirubin on the adsorbents was investigated in detail. The results indicated that electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interactions are the main driving forces for the adsorption. Compared with crosslinked chitosan resin, the functionalized chitosan beads have higher adsorption capacity for unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin.     

Immobilization of sodium alginate sulfates on polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein

A novel method for the immobilization of sodium alginate sulfates (SAS) on polysulfone (PSu) ultrafiltration membranes to achieve selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was developed, which involved the photoinduced graft polymerization of acrylamide on the membrane and the Hofmann rearrangement reaction of grafted acrylamide followed by chemical binding of SAS with glutaraldehyde. The surface modification processes were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. Zeta potential and water contact angle measurements were performed to investigate the surface charge and wettability of the membranes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the binding of LDL on plain and modified PSu membranes. It was found that the PSu membrane immobilized with sodium alginate sulfates (PSu-SAS) greatly enhanced the selective adsorption of LDL from protein solutions and the absorbed LDL could be easily eluted with sodium chloride solution, indicating a specific and reversible binding of LDL to SAS, mainly driven by electrostatic forces. Furthermore, the PSu-SAS membrane showed good blood compatibility as examined by platelet adhesion. The results suggest that the PSu-SAS membranes are promising for application in simultaneous hemodialysis and LDL apheresis therapy.     

Complement profile and activation mechanisms by different LDL apheresis systems

Extracorporeal removal of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by means of selective LDL apheresis is indicated in otherwise uncontrolled familial hypercholesterolemia. During blood-biomaterial interaction other constituents than the LDL particles are affected, including the complement system. We set up an ex vivo model in which human whole blood was passed through an LDL apheresis system with one of three different apheresis columns: whole blood adsorption, plasma adsorption and plasma filtration. The concentrations of complement activation products revealed distinctly different patterns of activation and adsorption by the different systems. Evaluated as the final common terminal complement complex (TCC) the whole blood system was inert, in contrast to the plasma systems, which generated substantial and equal amounts of TCC. Initial classical pathway activation was revealed equally for both plasma systems as increases in the C1rs-C1inh complex and C4d. Alternative pathway activation (Bb) was most pronounced for the plasma adsorption system. Although the anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) were equally generated by the two plasma separation systems, they were efficiently adsorbed to the plasma adsorption column before the "outlet", whereas they were left free in the plasma in the filtration system. Consequently, during blood-biomaterial interaction in LDL apheresis the complement system is modulated in different manners depending on the device composition.     

大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的合成及对血清中LDL的吸附性能研究C

本文介绍大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的合成及经羟基化、磺化制得具亲水性很强的聚阴离子亲和吸附剂,测定了孔结构性能,考察了制备条件及对高脂血症患者血清中低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的吸附功效。     

大孔交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的合成及对血清中ＬＤＬ的吸附性能研究

本文介绍大也交联甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酸共聚物的合成及经羟基化、磺化制得具亲水性很强的聚阴离子亲和吸附剂,测定了孔结构性能,考察了制备条件及对高脂血症患者血清中低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）的吸附功效。     

Exome sequencing, ANGPTL3 mutations, and familial combined hypolipidemia

We sequenced all protein-coding regions of the genome (the "exome") in two family members with combined hypolipidemia, marked by extremely low plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. These two participants were compound heterozygotes for two distinct nonsense mutations in ANGPTL3 (encoding the angiopoietin-like 3 protein). ANGPTL3 has been reported to inhibit lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase, thereby increasing plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels in rodents. Our finding of ANGPTL3 mutations highlights a role for the gene in LDL cholesterol metabolism in humans and shows the usefulness of exome sequencing for identification of novel genetic causes of inherited disorders. (Funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute and others.).     

蒙脱石对苯巴比妥和氯丙嗪吸附性能的研究

本研究与常用的血液灌流吸附剂——球状活性炭（Spherical Active Carbon，简称SAC）比较，研究蒙脱石（Montmorillonite，简称MMT）对常见中毒药物苯巴比妥钠和盐酸氯丙嗪的吸附性能。实验发现：在酸性条件下MMT对血浆阴离子型物质苯巴比妥吸附能力略高于SAC，但不论在酸性或中性条件下MMT对血浆阳离子型物质氯丙嗪的平衡吸附量比SAC高出近十倍。XRD分析显示：MMT对苯巴比妥显示表面吸附，MMT对氯丙嗪，还存在插层吸附，而且插层吸附的贡献远大于表面吸附。这一结论为开发新型高效、高选择性、安全、实现灌流器小型化的血液净化用吸附剂，拓展天然矿物材料的应用领域奠定了一定基础。