社区人群生活质量研究──IV生活质量主、客观指标的相互关系及其影响因素

本文通过对生活质量主、客观指标相互关系及其影响因素的研究，结果发现，客观生活状态是影响主观生活满意度的主要因素。而不同群体在不同的客观生活状态水平下，主、客观指标评定的不一致性则与生活的需求重点、评价参照标准、个性与应付方式等中介因素有关。     

脑卒中患者及家庭照料者生活满意度及其影响因素研究

目的：通过对脑卒中患者及其主要家庭照料者生活满意度的评估，了解其生活质量及有关影响因素，为临床心理干预、提高患者及其照料者生活质量提供依据。方法：调查对象为８９名脑卒中患者、８９名照料者以及１７８名正常对照组，采用生活质量综合自评问卷（ＧＱＯＬＩ）作为生活质量评定工具，病人组在常规住院治疗一个月后进行评定。结果：脑卒中患者与照料者的主观生活满意度均显著差于对照者；患者及照料者主观生活满意度下降的原因主要与自身客观生活状态、对生活的期望值及家庭成员的生活满意度有关。结论：作者据此提出在加强躯体药物治疗的基础上，临床心理干预应设法降低受试过高的生活期望值，提高生活满意度，以达到更满意的疗效。     

社区精神分裂症病人生活质量对照研究

通过对１００例社区精神分裂症患者与１００名正常健康人对照研究表明，精神分裂症患者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活条件均显著差于正常人；对病人总体生活质量影响最大的是健康状态，而不是物质生活条件。同时，对病人组５个月后随访研究表明，停服药物可以改善生活质量的一些方面；而持续服药可以缓解精神症状，但对生活质量改善不明显；无规律服药则对生活质量的改善和精神症状的缓解均不显著。     

脑卒中患者生活质量及其影响因素对照研究

通过对８９名脑卒中患者与８９名健康对照者生活质量的评估研究表明，脑卒中患者生活质量在躯体、心理、社会功能、经济状态诸多方面均显著性差于对照者。一个月的常规治疗后，发现影响生活质量改变的主要因素是疾病的疗效与病人对治疗的期望等；而影响疗效的因素除年龄、病种、疾病严重程度外，还有生活质量的心理维度。作者据此认为，在致力于提高躯体治疗效果的同时，不应忽视改善患者生活质量的其它方面。     

飞行员生活期望值探讨

对２４２例飞行员生活期望值研究结果提示，生活期望值与个性、客观生活状态、主观生活满意度以及主、客观社会支持呈显著相关；社会功能期望值与强迫、抑郁因子呈显著负相关；而生活期望值与生活事件及疾病情况未见有相关关系。     

河北省廊坊市离退休干部心理满意度相关因素研究

采用适应量表Ｒ＿２型、ＡＤＬ、ＩＡＤＬ量表及功能状态评价表等方法对河北省廊坊市４０６名离退休干部进行了心理满意度测评，以离退休后老干部的生活环境为重点，了解其对离退休后生活的心理适应情况，并探讨影响该人群心理满意度的主要因素。结果发现离退休干部是否重视社交活动、主观健康评价好坏、社会支持与否及老干部躯体综合功能情况是影响老干部心理满意度的重要因素。     

影响退休干部生活满意度的主观因素分析

对生活质量的评价有两种态度 :客观评价法和主观评价法。近年的研究结果让人越来越倾向于主观评价法[1] ,即自觉幸福度或生活满意度。国内有关这方面的研究已形成热点 ,对老年人生活满意度的研究也有不少[2 - 4] ,但对影响老年人生活满意度的心理社会因素的较全面的研究不多 ,涉及社会支持和应对方式的则更少 ,本文旨在探讨影响老年生活满意度的各种客观条件及心理中介因素 ,包括应对方式和社会支持 ,并运用多元逐步回归法筛选出影响作用较大的几个重要因素。1　对象和方法1.1　研究对象研究对象为军队及地方的退休干部共 2 4 4人 ,年龄为 6…     

飞行员生活期望值与心理社会因素的相关性

本文对飞行员生活期望值研究显示，其与个性因素、客观生活状态、主观生态满意度以及主，客观社会支持有显著或高度显著相关性。发现社会功能期望值与强迫、抑郁因素有负性相关。生活期望值对生活事件、疾病并无作用。     

脑卒中患者的生活质量与应对方式以及社会支持的相关性研究

目的：探讨脑卒中患者的生活质量、应对方式及其社会支持状况。方法：采用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、医学应对问卷（MCMQ）及社会支持评定量表（SSAS）对60例脑卒中患者（观察组）及60名健康自愿者（对照组）进行测评。结果：①观察组生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；②观察组面对分量表评分显著低于对照组，而屈服分量表评分则显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；③观察组社会支持总分及客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；④脑卒中患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分与面对分量表评分及社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度3个维度评分均呈显著性正相关，而与屈服分量表评分则呈显著性负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：脑卒中患者的生活质量偏低，与应对方式及社会支持有关。     

女性精神分裂症患者配偶生活质量与社会支持的相关性研究

目的 探讨女性精神分裂症患者配偶的生活质量,以及与社会支持的关系.方法 应用生活质量综合评定问卷(the Generic Quality of Life Inventory,GQOLI)及社会支持评定量表(SSAS)对60名女性精神分裂症患者的配偶(观察组)及60名正常女性的配偶(对照组)进行评定.结果 观察组GQOLI总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均显著低于对照组,其社会支持总分及客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度评分亦均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).女性精神分裂症患者配偶的GQOLI总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个雏度评分与社会支持总分及客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度评分均呈显著性正相关.结论 女性精神分裂症患者配偶的生活质量较差,与社会支持有关.     

Positive-thinking and life satisfaction amongst Koreans

PURPOSE: The present study examined the positive-thinking and life satisfaction of the general Korean population. In particular, we examined the role of positive-thinking on participants' life satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a telephone survey of 409 respondents (194 males, 215 females). The participants provided self-reports on their positive thinking, life satisfaction and demographic information. RESULTS: The results showed that age, education, occupation, and family income had an influence on positive- thinking as well as life satisfaction in Korea. Specifically, younger respondents and persons with high incomes or higher education degrees were more likely to have higher positive scores and thus higher life satisfaction scores. However, after controlling for the demographic variables, positive thinking significantly affected life satisfaction(R(2) Change=0.170, F= 88.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We provided empirical evidence that positive thinking may indeed play a significant role in life satisfaction. Therefore, positive thinking would offer important direction for the growth of life satisfaction and interventions aiming to remediate the effects of demographic variables on life satisfaction.     

Contingency management improves abstinence and quality of life in cocaine abusers

Contingency management (CM) treatments enhance drug abstinence. This study evaluated whether CM also improves quality of life and if these effects are mediated by abstinence. Across 3 independent trials, cocaine abusers in intensive outpatient treatment (n = 387) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of standard treatment as usual or standard treatment with CM. The Quality Of Life Inventory (QOLI) was administered at baseline and at Months 1, 3, 6, and 9. Changes in QOLI scores over time differed significantly by treatment, with QOLI scores rising over time in CM participants and remaining stable in standard treatment participants. CM participants also achieved greater durations of abstinence, and duration of abstinence was correlated with posttreatment QOLI scores. During-treatment abstinence mediated the relationship between treatment condition and QOLI scores over time.     

社区精神分裂症病人照料者的生活质量研究

通过对９３名精神分裂症患者的家庭照料者与１００名对照者比较研究表明，照料者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能与经济状况都显著差于对照者。照料者的生活质量与被照料者的病期、病情严重度、整体功能、药物副作用有关；同时，照料者身份为患者母亲者其生活质量受影响最大。     

Low back pain patients in primary care: Subgroups based on the multidimensional pain inventory

Classification of patients into homogeneous subgroups is an important objective in primary care management of low back pain patients. The purpose of this studyis to (a) identify and describe cluster profiles based on self-reported multidimensional pain inventory Scale (MPI) scores among subacute and chronic nonspecific low back pain patients; (b) describe characteristics of the clusters in relation to disability, life satisfaction, functional self-efficacy, and exercise self-efficacy; and (c) compare grouping by clusters based on self-reported MPI scores with grouping by symptom duration. Eighty-eight individuals participated. These had a median lower back pain duration of 7 months (range 1 to 144 months). Three clusters were identified; these were labeled interpersonally distressed, adaptive copers, and dysfunctional. The clusters differed significantly in disability and functional self-efficacy scores, but not in life satisfaction and exercise self-efficacy scores. The results of this study in a primary care setting are discussed in relation to previous results in pain clinic settings.     

Heritability of life satisfaction in adults: a twin-family study

BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) can be partitioned into the components life satisfaction and affect. Research on factors influencing these components of well-being has mainly focused on environmental characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of genes and environment to individual differences in life satisfaction in a large sample of Dutch twins and their singleton siblings. METHOD: Life satisfaction of 5668 subjects registered with The Netherlands Twin Registry (NTR) was measured with a Dutch version of the self-reported Satisfaction with Life Scale. An extended twin design was used to obtain correlations in life satisfaction scores for monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins and sibling pairs and to estimate the contribution of genes and environment to the variation in life satisfaction. RESULTS: No differences between males and females were found in the mean level of life satisfaction. Broad-sense heritability was 38%. Non-additive genetic factors explained all or most of the genetic influences. The remaining 62% of the variance in life satisfaction could be attributed to unique environmental factors, both persistent and transitory, plus measurement error. CONCLUSIONS: Individual differences in life satisfaction are determined in part by genetic factors that are largely or entirely non-additive in nature.     

医学院校大学生人格特征对其生活满意度的影响

目的探讨医学院校大学生人格特征对其生活满意度的影响。方法采用艾森克人格问卷简式中国版和大学生生活满意度评定量表对346名医学院校大学生进行问卷调查。结果①精神质与学习成绩呈显著相关（P〈0．05）．外向性和神经质与朋友关系、形象表现、健康状况、经济状况、主观满意度、客观满意度、个人生活满意度均呈显著相关（P〈0．01）；②不同人格类型的生活满意度比较发现，在生活满意度主要成分上，除学习成绩外，其它均存在显著的类型差异；③对朋友关系、形象表现、健康状况、经济状况、主观满意度、客观满意度、个人生活满意度有影响的均为外向性和神经质因子。结论医学院校大学生人格特征对其生活满意度影响较大。     

Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator

This study explored the influences of social participation and the mediating effects of social support on the mental health of Chinese elderly based on data from the 2012 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The participants comprised 696 older adults in CLASS, including 340 (48.9%) male and 354 (50.9%) female. The mean age of the sample was 68 (standard deviation = 7.08). The results of structural equation modeling showed that social participation was significantly associated with the life satisfaction and depression of the elderly. A high level of social participation was associated with more social support and consequently predicted few depressive symptoms among older adults. However, social support was not significantly associated with life satisfaction of the elderly. Our findings provided cross‐cultural evidence for theories, and had significant implications for social work practice and social policy.     

Lower life satisfaction,active coping and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older African Americans: outcomes of a longitudinal church-based intervention

This study examined lower life satisfaction, active coping and cardiovascular disease risk factors (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and circumferences) in older African Americans over the phases of an 18-month church-based intervention, using a quasi-experimental design. Participants (n = 89) were 45 years of age and older from six churches (three treatment, three comparison) in North Florida. Lower life satisfaction had a persistent unfavorable effect on weight variables. Active coping showed a direct beneficial effect on selected weight variables. However, active coping was adversely associated with blood pressure, and did not moderate the association between lower life satisfaction and cardiovascular risk factors. The intervention had a beneficial moderating influence on the association between lower life satisfaction and weight variables and on the association between active coping and these variables. Yet, this pattern did not hold for the association between active coping and blood pressure. The relationship of lower life satisfaction and selected cardiovascular risk factors and the positive effect of active coping were established, but findings regarding blood pressure suggest further study is needed.