环氧合酶2抑制剂的抗胰腺癌作用及相关机制

目的探讨环氧合酶2(COX-2)抑制剂对胰腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力和对COX-2、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-14蛋白表达的影响以及可能的抗胰腺癌机制。方法不同浓度的COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布(20、60、100μmol/L)处理胰腺癌细胞后,用MTT比色法检测细胞的增殖能力;用Transwell侵袭实验和划痕实验检测细胞的侵袭能力和迁移能力;ELISA检测MMP-14和COX-2的蛋白表达情况。结果 MTT增殖实验、Transwell侵袭实验、划痕实验分别提示,COX-2抑制剂作用后胰腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移能力均以浓度梯度形式下降(P0.05);ELISA结果显示,胰腺癌细胞中COX-2和MMP-14的蛋白表达水平相应降低(P0.05),两者表达具有显著正相关性(r=0.873,P0.05)。结论 COX-2抑制剂可能通过抑制COX-2表达下调MMP-14表达,进而以浓度梯度形式减弱胰腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移能力,起到抗胰腺癌作用。     

Claudin-1 expression is induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human pancreatic cancer cells

Claudin-1 is a membrane protein with four transmembrane domains, that is exclusively localized at cellular tight junctions. Recent studies have reported that claudin-1 plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the significance of claudin-1 in pancreatic cancer is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of claudin-1 expression in pancreatic cancer growth using the PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), an inflammatory cytokine, resulted in increased detection of 89 kDa products of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a marker of apoptosis, and decreased PANC-1 cell proliferation by 23%. Expression of claudin-1 was up-regulated by TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner in PANC-1 cells. PANC-1 cells treated with TNF-alpha and siRNA against claudin-1 showed a 15% increase in proliferation; i.e. the cells transfected with siRNA against claudin-1 showed resistance to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that claudin-1 expression is responsible for TNF-alpha-dependent growth signals and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.     

SDF-1α/CXCR4轴通过诱导胰腺癌上皮-间充质转化促进肿瘤迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨SDF-1α/CXCR4轴对胰腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其作用机制。方法:应用RT-qPCR检测4种胰腺癌细胞株CXCR4 mRNA的表达。Transwell实验检测外源性SDF-1α及其受体CXCR4靶向抑制剂AMD3100对胰腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。MTS法检测外源性SDF-1α及AMD3100对胰腺癌细胞活力的影响。Western blot法检测外源性SDF-1α及AMD3100对胰腺癌细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)相关标志物表达的影响。结果:(1) 4种胰腺癌细胞株均不同程度地表达CXCR4 mRNA,其中PANC-1细胞株表达量最高。(2)外源性SDF-1α可增强PANC-1细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,该作用可被AMD3100所阻断。(3)外源性SDF-1α处理PANC-1细胞72 h可增强细胞活力,该作用可被AMD3100阻断。(4)外源性SDF-1α通过上调SNAIL和TWIST促使PANC-1细胞发生EMT,该作用可被AMD3100所阻断。结论:SDF-1/CXCR4轴通过促进胰腺癌细胞发生EMT而促进肿瘤迁移和侵袭。     

布托啡诺调控PBX3基因抑制乳腺癌细胞系MCF7增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的探讨布托啡诺(butorphanol)对乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响以及相关的分子机制。方法用MTT法检测不同浓度布托啡诺对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF7的抑制作用;用Transwell迁移及侵袭实验检测不同浓度布托啡诺对人乳腺癌MCF7细胞迁移及侵袭的影响;RT-qCR与Western blot法分别检测乳腺癌细胞系、正常乳腺上皮细胞以及布托啡诺对MCF7细胞中PBX3 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响;观察转染si-PBX3或si-con后,MCF7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的变化;PBX3过表达验证布托啡诺对乳腺癌增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用机制。Western blot检测cyclin D1和MMP-2蛋白表达。结果PBX3在乳腺癌细胞系中的表达上调,沉默PBX3表达可明显抑制MCF7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,同时抑制cyclin D1和MMP-2的表达;不同浓度的布托啡诺干预能显著抑制MCF7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭且具有浓度依赖性,还可抑制PBX3、cyclin D1和MMP-2的表达;过表达PBX3可逆转布托啡诺对乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用。结论布托啡诺可通过抑制PBX3降低乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。     

eEF1A2 promotes cell migration, invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer by upregulating MMP-9 expression through Akt activation

eEF1A2 is a protein translation factor involved in protein synthesis that is overexpressed in various cancers, with important functions in tumor genesis and progression. We have previously showed that the ectopic expression of eEF1A2 is correlated with lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the functional role of eEF1A2 in the regulation of cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms involved. By evaluating the invasive ability of a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials, eEF1A2 expression in cells was positively associated with their invasive ability. The knockdown of eEF1A2 by siRNA decreased the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. By contrast, the ectopic expression of exogenous eEF1A2 significantly promoted the migration and invasion of SW1990 cells. Stable eEF1A2 overexpression in a nude mouse model of peritoneal metastasis likewise dramatically enhanced the intraperitoneal metastatic ability of SW1990 cells. In addition, eEF1A2 overexpression could upregulate MMP-9 expression and activity. A significant positive correlation between the overexpression of both eEF1A2 and MMP-9 was observed in pancreatic cancer tissues. The inhibition of MMP-9 activity reduced the promoting effect of eEF1A2 on cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, eEF1A2-mediated cell migration and invasion, as well as MMP-9 expression and upregulation, were largely dependent on the eEF1A2-induced Akt activation. The findings suggested the potentially important role of eEF1A2 in pancreatic cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, the results provide evidence of eEF1A2 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of aggressive pancreatic cancer.     

SFRP5基因沉默促进人类胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1增殖与迁移

目的探讨慢病毒介导短发夹RNA(shRNA)沉默SFRP5基因对人类胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响。方法构建靶向SFRP5基因特异性shRNA慢病毒载体并转染人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞系,以空白质粒转染阴性对照组,未处理细胞做为空白对照组。用real-time PCR及Western blot检测转染前后SFRP5 RNA以及蛋白的表达;CCK-8实验检测细胞体外增殖能力;使用Transwell小室实验分析细胞侵袭能力;细胞划痕实验分析细胞迁移能力。结果成功建立稳定转染shRNA-SFRP5胰腺癌PANC-1细胞株。SFRP5病毒转染组与阴性对照组及空白对照组相比细胞的增殖能力明显增加(P0.01);SFRP5病毒转染组的细胞侵袭、迁移能力明显高于阴性对照组及空白对照组(P0.01)。结论 SFRP5慢病毒干扰载体能有效抑制SFRP5基因在人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞中的表达,进而促进细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移。     

Enhanced expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 IIIc promotes human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) IIIb isoform correlates with the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas FGFR-1 IIIc enhances cancer cell proliferation. The FGFR-2 IIIb isoform is expressed in PDAC, and its expression correlates with increased venous invasion. We examined the role of FGFR-2 IIIc in PDAC. FGFR-2 IIIc was expressed in all six pancreatic cancer cell lines examined and was highest in PANC-1 cells. FGFR-2 IIIc was abundant in the cancer cells from 83 of 117 PDAC cases, which correlated with decreased duration to development of liver metastasis after surgery. FGFR-2 IIIc-transfected cells exhibited increased proliferation in vitro and formed larger subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors, the latter producing more liver metastases. Moreover, FGF-2 exerted a more rapid stimulatory effect on the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in FGFR-2 IIIc stably transfected PANC-1 cells, compared with control cells. FGFR-2 IIIc-transfected cells also formed more spheres and contained more side population cells. Suppression of FGFR-2 IIIc expression inhibited the proliferation of PANC-1 cells, whereas an anti-FGFR-2 IIIc antibody inhibited the proliferation and migration of PANC-1 cells. Thus, high FGFR-2 IIIc levels in PDAC contribute to disease aggressiveness and confer to pancreatic cancer cells features suggestive of cancer stem cells, indicating that FGFR-2 IIIc may be a novel and important therapeutic target in PDAC.     

Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases-21 and -26 and TIMP-4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is known for early aggressive local invasion, high metastatic potential, and a low 5-year survival rate. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in tumor growth and invasion. Earlier studies on pancreatic cancer have found increased expression of certain MMPs to correlate with poorer prognosis, short survival time or presence of metastases. We studied the expression of MMP-21, -26, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-4 in 50 tissue samples, including 25 adenocarcinomas, seven other malignant pancreatic tumors, and 18 control samples of non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue with immunohistochemistry. The regulation of MMP-21, -26, and TIMP-4 mRNAs by cytokines was studied with RT-PCR in pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, BxPC-3, and AsPC-1. MMP-21, -26, and TIMP-4 were detected in cancer cells in 64, 40, and 60% of tumors, respectively. MMP-21 expressed in well-differentiated cancer cells and occasional fibroblasts, like TIMP-4, tended to diminish in intensity from grade I to grade III tumors. Patients with metastatic lymph nodes had increased expression of MMP-26 in actual tumor samples. All cultured cancer cell lines expressed MMP-21 basally at low levels, and presence of the protein was confirmed immunohistochemically in cultured cells. MMP-21 expression was induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in PANC-1 cells. MMP-26 was neither expressed basally nor induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1), EGF, or interferon gamma. Basal TIMP-4 expression was lowest in the poorly differentiated cancer cell line PANC-1 compared to better-differentiated BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells. TIMP-4 expression was induced by TGFbeta1 in PANC-1 cells and by EGF in BxPC-3 cells. Our findings suggest that MMP-21 is not a marker of invasiveness, but rather of differentiation, in pancreatic cancer and it may be upregulated by EGF. The putative role of MMP-26 as a marker of metastases warrants further studies. Unlike other TIMPs, TIMP-4 was not upregulated in relation to aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer.     

反义miR-196a对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞侵袭和迁移的抑制作用

目的:探讨微小RNA-196a(miR-196a)在胰腺癌细胞系中表达状况及反义miR-196a对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞生物学行为的影响。方法:miR-196a采用实时荧光定量PCR检测。人工化学合成反义miR-196a并转染PANC-1细胞。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。通过划痕损伤实验和Transwell小室细胞侵袭、迁移实验检测PANC-1细胞侵袭和迁移能力。构建野生型及突变型核因子κB抑制蛋白α(NFKBIA)3'UTR的萤光素酶报告载体,检测海肾萤光素酶的相对活性以验证miR-196a对NFKBIAmRNA的作用靶点。结果:人胰腺癌细胞系中miR-196a呈高表达;转染反义miR-196a后,PANC-1细胞miR-196a表达下降,其细胞增殖和凋亡无显著改变(P>0.05);而转染反义miR-196a组中通过Transwell小室的细胞数明显低于各对照组(P<0.01)。与各对照组相比,共转染野生型NFKBIA的3'UTR和反义miR-196a可使海肾萤光素酶相对活性显著提高。结论:miR-196a可能是癌微RNA(oncomiR)之一,有望成为人胰腺癌基因治疗的候选靶点。     

沉默/增强Stat1对胰腺癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的研究沉默/增强Stat1对胰腺癌细胞增殖和迁移能力的影响。方法将胰腺癌细胞(Bx PC-3)分为:对照(control)组、Stat1组和si Stat1组,分别转染Stat1质粒和特异性干扰Stat1表达的siRNA;Western blot法检测Bx PC-3细胞中Stat1、VEGF、MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达;MTT法绘制细胞增殖曲线;Transwell法检测Bx PC-3细胞侵袭能力。结果沉默Stat1表达后,Bx PC-3细胞增殖及迁移能力明显增加,且VEGF、MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显增加。而增强Stat1表达后,Bx PC-3细胞增殖及迁移能力明显降低(P0.05)。结论 Stat1可以抑制Bx PC-3细胞增殖及迁移能力。且VEGF、MMP-2和MMP-9可能在Stat1抑制肿瘤过程中起一定作用。     

脂质体介导Clusterin反义寡核苷酸抑制胰腺癌细胞侵袭力及增强5—FU化疗敏感性的实验研究

目的 研究Clusterin反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸(Clusterin ASO)对胰腺癌细胞侵袭力及5-FU化疗敏感性的影响.方法 采用脂质体法将Clusterin ASO转染PANC-1细胞24 h,然后将该细胞暴露于不同浓度的5-FU中,TUNEL法检测72 h后的细胞凋亡指数,MTT检测细胞增殖并计算IC50.观察Clusterin ASO转染对PANC-1细胞体外侵袭力的抑制作用.采用免疫组化,Western blot和RT-PCR技术检测不同处理组细胞中Clusterin和其mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 Clusterin ASO转染可有效沉默PANC-1细胞内Clusterin mRNA及蛋白表达;PANC-1细胞的5-FU IC50为9±0.7,PANC-1/Clusterin ASO的5-FU IC50为1.06±0.3,敏感性增加了9倍.5-FU以剂量依赖方式诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡,但对PANC-1/Clusterin ASO细胞所诱导的凋亡比PANC-1细胞更明显.重组细胞基膜侵袭实验显示,PANC-1细胞与PANC-1/Clusterin ASO细胞的穿透基膜细胞数分别为213±18个和43±8个/高倍镜(×200),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 靶向Clusterin抑制胰腺癌细胞侵袭力和增殖,并增强胰腺癌细胞对5-FU的化疗敏感性.     

异丙酚下调PKM2抑制人肺腺癌细胞系增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的探讨异丙酚对肺腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 MTT法检测异丙酚(60、100、120μmol/L)处理的人肺腺癌细胞系A549、Anip973的抑制率或增殖;将si-NC组(转染si-NC)、si-PKM2(丙酮酸激酶M2)组(转染si-PKM2)、pc DNA3. 1组(转染pc DNA3. 1)、pc DNA3. 1-PKM2组(转染pc DNA3. 1-PKM2)用脂质体法转染至Anip973细胞,部分组用120μmol/L异丙酚处理;Transwell小室法检测细胞迁移和侵袭;RT-qPCR检测细胞中PKM2的mRNA的表达;Western blot检测细胞中PKM2、E-cadherin、MMP-2的蛋白表达。结果异丙酚(60、100和120μmol/L)呈浓度依赖性抑制人肺腺癌细胞A549、Anip973增殖(P <0. 05),Anip973细胞对异丙酚的敏感性较强,最适浓度为120μmol/L;异丙酚可抑制Anip973细胞迁移和侵袭,并下调PKM2、MMP-2蛋白表达,上调E-cadherin蛋白表达;敲减PKM2具有与异丙酚相同的抑制Anip973细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭作用,下调MMP-2蛋白表达,上调E-cadherin蛋白表达的作用;过表达PKM2可减轻异丙酚对Anip973细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭及E-cadherin、MMP-2蛋白表达。结论异丙酚可抑制肺腺癌细胞系的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其机制与下调PKM2表达相关。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1经细胞外信号调节激酶通路对肺癌A549细胞 增殖、侵袭转移的影响及机制*

目的：研究单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（ MCP-1）对非小细胞肺癌增殖、侵袭转移能力的影响及可能的作用 机制。方法：体外培养肺癌细胞株A549。细胞分为对照组,MCP-1 组（25、50、75、100 ng/mL）,MCP-1 （75 ng/mL）+PD98059 组（100 μmol/mL）,抑制剂PD98059 组（100 μmol/L）。MTT 法检测细胞增殖活力,细胞划痕、 Transwell 侵袭实验分析细胞迁移侵袭能力。免疫印迹检测细胞外信号调节激酶（ t-ERK）、磷酸化细胞外信号调 节激酶（ p-ERK）、基质金属蛋白酶-14（ MMP-14）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（ MMP-2）及N- 钙黏蛋白（ N-cadherin） 的表达。结果：与对照组相比,MCP-1 明显促进A549 细胞的增殖、侵袭与转移;免疫印迹结果显示,MCP-1 可 上调p-ERK、MMP-14、MMP-2 及N-cadherin 蛋白的表达;应用ERK抑制剂PD98059 可阻断上述作用。ERK总 蛋白表达量差异无统计学意义。结论：MCP-1 经ERK通路上调MMP-14、MMP-2 及N-cadherin 蛋白表达,促进 肺癌A549 细胞增殖、侵袭与转移。     

Expression and functional perspectives of miR-184 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors, with its 5-year survival rate lower than 5%. MicroRNAs (miR) have been known as important regulators for the tumorigenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis of various cancers. MiR-184 was found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers including glioma and oral carcinoma. The expression and functional role of miR-184 in PDAC, however, remains unclear. PDAC cell line PANC-1 was transfected with miR-184 inhibitor. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-184 in untreated PANC-1, miR-184 inhibitor transfected PANC-1 and controlled normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE6c7. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of miR-184 on the proliferation of PANC-1 cells, while invasion assay and Western blotting were employed to describe the effect on cell invasion ability and expression of caspase-3, respectively. In PANC-1 cells, miR-184 was abundantly expressed. The transfection of inhibitor effectively suppressed the expression of miR-184, and further inhibited both cell proliferation and invasion abilities, in addition to the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein caspase 3 expression. The up-regulation of miR-184 in PDAC may facilitate the proliferation and invasion ability, and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells, thus potentiating the occurrence and development of PDAC. MiR-184, therefore, is a potential molecular target for therapy.     

EGCG通过下调COX-2和MMP-2表达抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)下调COX-2及MMP-2的表达、抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞迁移及侵袭的作用机制。方法:MTT法检测EGCG处理24h后SWO-38细胞的活性,确定药物作用浓度;细胞侵袭与迁移实验检测EGCG处理24h后SWO-38细胞的迁移与侵袭能力;Western blotting对比分析EGCG处理24h后SWO-38细胞COX-2和MMP-2的表达。通过肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)促进COX-2的表达,观察EGCG是否通过COX-2/MMP-2通路抑制肿瘤的迁移侵袭。结果:细胞侵袭与迁移实验发现,EGCG对SWO-38细胞的迁移和侵袭能力有抑制作用,与对照组SWO-38细胞相比较,有显著差异(P0.01)。Western blotting发现经过EGCG处理24h后,SWO-38细胞COX-2和MMP-2蛋白的表达水平降低,提示EGCG抑制SWO-38迁移的机制可能与该药物抑制COX-2的表达而降低SWO-38细胞酶解细胞外基质的能力相关。结论:EGCG抑制了人脑胶质瘤SWO-38细胞的迁移与侵袭,其机制与EGCG抑制COX-2表达后,调节了MMP-2诱导的酶解细胞外基质的能力相关。     

MicroRNA-374a promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting SRCIN1

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the progress of cancer. Whereas the expression and function of miR-374a in pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, pancreatic cancer samples and its adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 30 clinical patients with pancreatic cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure miR-374a and SRC Kinase Signaling Inhibitor 1 (SRCIN1) expression. Western blotting assay was performed to measure the levels of SRCIN1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and β-catenin in PANC-1 cells. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the direct targeting of SRCIN1 by miR-374a. Cell proliferation and migration assays were utilized to analyze the role of miR-374a in PANC-1 cells. We found that miR-374a expression was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Over-expression of miR-374a promoted cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer. While, SRCIN1 expression was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. SRCIN1 was found to be a potential targets of miR-374a by dual-luciferase reporter assay. And SRCIN1 was down-regulated after miR-374a transfection. More than that, over-expression of SRCIN1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and EMT in pancreatic cancer cell. Therefore, this study revealed that miR-374a promoted cell proliferation, migration and EMT via targeting SRCIN1 in pancreatic cancer.     

CNTN-1促进人食管癌EC9706细胞侵袭和迁移

目的探讨接触蛋白-1(CNTN-1)在食管癌转移中的作用。方法 q PCR和Western blot检测食管癌细胞系EC9706中CNTN-1的表达;RNA干扰和CNTN-1过表达质粒转染调整EC9706细胞CNTN-1的表达,并将细胞分为空白对照组、scrambled siRNA组、CNTN-1 siRNA组、pcDNA3.1-vector组和pcDNA3.1-CNTN-1组;Brd U和Transwell实验分别检测EC9706细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;qPCR和Western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2和MMP-9的表达。结果 CNTN-1在食管癌细胞EC9706中mRNA和蛋白水平较与正常食管上皮细胞显著上调(P0.05);转染CNTN-1siRNA后,EC9706细胞CNTN-1表达水平显著降低(P0.05),细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力显著下降(P0.05),同时细胞中侵袭转移相关蛋白MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显下降(P0.05);CNTN-1过表达质粒转染细胞后,EC9706细胞内CNTN-1表达水平上调(P0.05),细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著升高,同时MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显升高(P0.05)。结论 CNTN-1可能通过调节MMP-2和MMP-9表达促进食管癌细胞的侵袭转移。