仡佬族中小学生的主观生活质量与情绪行为问题

目的:了解仡佬族中小学生的主观生活质量及其与情绪行为问题的关系,为提高其生活质量和减少行为问题提供参考.方法:选取250名仡佬族和430名汉族小学六年级、中学初一和初二学生,使用儿少主观生活质量问卷(ISLQ,包括认知成分和情感成分)评估生活质量,长处和困难问卷(SDQ)测查情绪行为问题.结果:仡佬族组ISLQ总分与汉族组的差异无统计学意义[(144.916.0) vs.(143.1±16.6),P＞0.05],ISLQ情感成分得分高于汉族组[(61.9±8.7)vs.(60.0±8.8),P＜0.01].仡佬族组SDQ总分与汉族组的差异无统计学意义[(18.3±5.6)vs.(19.0±5.4),P＞0.05],SDQ情绪症状得分低于汉族组[(3.4±2.2)vs.(3.9±2.2),P＜0.05].仡佬族组初一学生的ISLQ情感成分得分高于六年级和初二学生[(63.7±8.6) vs.(60.3±9.1),(60.0±7.4),P＜0.01]；学习成绩优良者ISLQ总分[(150.7±17.4) vs.(144.5±15.3),(136.5±11.0)]和认知成分得分[(87.3±13.6) vs.(82.6±11.9),(77.0±9.9)]高于成绩中等或较差者(P＜0.01).除情感成分与亲社会行为问题外,ISLQ得分与SDQ得分呈负相关(r=-0.13～-0.54,P＜0.05).回归分析显示,SDQ的情绪症状(β=-0.38,P＜0.01)、亲社会行为问题(β=-0.22,P＜0.01)和多动(β=-0.17,P＜0.01)得分对ISLQ总分有一定的负向预测作用.结论:仡佬族中小学生的主观生活质量与汉族相当,正性情感体验可能更多；学习成绩越好,情绪行为问题越少,主观生活质量可能越高.     

儿童的教师权威认知与师生关系的关系

目的:探讨儿童的教师权威认知发展特点,以及与师生关系的相关性。方法:在北京市2所小学选取四、五、六年级儿童共460名,采用两难故事情境评估儿童的教师权威认知水平、教师权威认知量表测验儿童对教师各领域权威认同度、学生版师生关系量表测量儿童的师生关系程度。结果:10岁儿童的教师不良处理方法权威认知得分高于11岁组与12岁组[(10.7±3.1)vs.(9.5±2.9),(10.7±3.1)vs.(9.3±2.6);均P0.05],12岁儿童的教师情感权威认知得分低于10岁组与11岁组[(18.2±2.6)vs.(18.7±1.9),(18.2±2.6)vs.(18.9±1.7);均P0.05]。处于合理化过渡水平的儿童,对教师的不良处理方法权威认知得分低于低水平和自我发展定向水平[(9.4±3.0)vs.(10.3±2.9),(9.4±3.0)vs.(10.3±2.8);均P0.05]。儿童的教师规则和个人生活权威认知得分对师生亲密性[(β=0.20,P0.05)vs.(β=0.23,P0.001)]、支持性[(β=0.23,P0.001)vs.(β=0.17,P0.01)]、满意度[(β=0.30,P0.001)vs.(β=0.13,P0.05)]得分均有正向预测作用,对师生之间的冲突性得分有负向预测作用[(β=-0.24,P0.01)vs.(β=-0.11,P0.05)]。结论:儿童对教师的不良处理方法权威认同存在权威认知水平上的差异,对教师主观方面权威认同度随着年龄的增加而降低,教师客观方面权威认知对师生的亲密性、支持性与满意度的建立具有积极预测作用,对师生冲突具有负向预测作用。     

中小学生日常情绪体验与亲子依恋、同伴依恋的关系

目的:探讨中小学生日常情绪体验及与亲子、同伴依恋的关系。方法:选取学生694例(小学177例,初中283例,高中234例),采用儿童青少年积极和消极情绪体验量表(PANAS-C)和人际依恋量表(IPPA)对其日常积极(PA)和消极(NA)情绪体验及母子、父子和同伴依恋进行评估,运用结构方程模型分析变量之间的关系。结果:初中男生PA和NA得分均高于女生[(2. 2±0. 7) vs.(1. 9±0. 6),(1. 5±0. 5) vs.(1. 3±0. 3),均P 0. 05],高中男生NA得分低于女生[(1. 3±0. 3) vs.(1. 5±0. 4),P 0. 05]。母子依恋直接或通过同伴依恋正向预测小学生PA,中介效应占比16. 1%,同时直接负向预测小学生NA (β=-0. 21,P 0. 05),直接正向预测初中生PA和NA (β=0. 28,0. 16,均P 0. 05);父子依恋对三个年级段学生PA正向预测均通过同伴依恋实现,中介效应分别占比38. 5%,76. 9%和53. 3%,同时直接负向预测初中生NA (β=-0. 24,P 0. 05),通过同伴依恋负向预测高中生NA,中介效应占比16. 7%;同伴依恋对小学生和初中生NA无预测作用。结论:相比而言,母子依恋对小学生情绪体验更为重要,父子依恋对初中生更为重要,同伴依恋对高中生更为重要     

不同心理韧性高中生的日常情绪状态与情绪自我调节方式

目的:比较高、中、低心理韧性水平高中生的日常情绪状态及情绪自我调节方式.方法:选取202名高中生,施测青少年心理韧性量表(RSCA)、正负情绪情感量表(PANAS)和情绪调节方式问卷(ERQ).依据RSCA得分分为高(n=87)、中(n=61)、低心理韧性组(n=54),比较不同心理韧性组日常情绪状态及积极、消极情绪的调节方式差异.结果:高心理韧性组PANAS积极情绪情感得分高于中、低心理韧性组[(33.3±6.2)vs.(30.8±5.2),(29.4±6.9)；P＜0.001],低心理韧性组PANAS消极情绪情感得分高于高、中心理韧性组[(27.5±7.7)vs.(22.3±6.0),(24.0±7.3)；P＜0.001].在积极情绪调节方式上,高心理韧性组ERQ重视得分高于低心理韧性组[(3.4±0.6)vs.(3.0±0.8)；P＜0.05],宣泄得分高于中、低心理韧性组[(3.2±0.7)vs.(3.0±0.6),(2.8±0.9)；P＜0.01],而抑制得分低于中、低心理韧性组[(1.4±0.5)vs.(1.6±0.5),(1.8±0.8)；P＜0.01]；在消极情绪调节方式上,高心理韧性组抑制得分低于中、低心理韧性组[(2.2±0.7)vs.(2.5±0.6),(2.6±0.8)；P＜0.05],而低心理韧性组重视得分高于高、中心理韧性组[(2.1±0.7)vs.(1.8±0.5),(1.9±0.5)；P＜0.001)].结论:不同心理韧性高中生日常情绪状态存在差异,高心理韧性高中生倾向于对积极情绪采用更多的重视、宣泄和更少的减弱调节,对消极情绪则采用更少的重视和抑制调节.     

艾滋病致孤儿童的同胞分离抚养方式与健康危险行为

目的:探讨艾滋病致孤儿童的同胞分离抚养方式与其健康危险行为的关系.方法:选取6～17岁有同胞的艾滋病致孤儿童(父母双亡)155人参与本研究,根据是否经历同胞分离抚养,把他们分为同胞分离组(n=96)和无同胞分离组(n=59);根据不同的抚养方式把他们分为艾滋病致孤儿童福利院组(n=97)、家庭式抚养所组(n=8)与家族抚养组(n=50).采用健康危险行为量表进行测评.结果:经历同胞分离抚养的艾滋病致孤儿童的“饮酒”[(1.6±0.7)vs.(1.4±0.5)]、“打人”[(1.5±0.8)vs.(1.3±0.6)]和“破坏公共财产”[(1.1±0.5)vs.(1.0±0.0)]得分高于无同胞分离抚养组(均P＜0.05).艾滋病致孤儿童福利院抚养组的“打人”得分高于家庭式抚养所和家族抚养组[(1.6±0.8)vs.(1.2±0.4),(1.2±0.4);P＜0.05].多元协方差分析结果显示,经历同胞分离抚养的艾滋病致孤儿童的“饮酒”和“想要或扬言要伤害他人的行为”[(1.2±0.5)vs.(1.1±0.2)]的得分高于无同胞分离抚养者(均P＜0.05).结论:经历同胞分离抚养的艾滋病致孤儿童可能比没经历同胞分离抚养的艾滋病致孤儿童表现出更多的健康危险行为.     

北京农村地区2～3岁儿童的气质与父母养育方式

目的:探讨2~3岁农村幼儿气质与父母养育方式的关系,为提高教养水平提供依据。方法:在北京市5个区县随机整群抽取身体健康,并且丹佛发育筛选测验((Denver Developmental Screening Test,DDST)筛查正常的2~3岁农村儿童779名(男童406人,女童373人;2岁组376人,3岁组403人),采用幼儿气质评估表(Toddler Temperament Scale,TTS)和3~7岁儿童气质问卷(Behavioral Style Question-naire,BSQ)评估儿童气质类型及各维度得分,用儿童抚养行为Q分类卡片(Child-rearing Practice Report QSort,CRPR)来了解养育方式。结果:父母对男童的惩罚得分低于对女童[(21.2±2.7)vs.(21.6±2.8),P0.05],对2岁组的保护担忧得分低于对3岁组[(19.9±4.4)vs.(20.8±4.6),P0.01];不同气质类型养育方式存在显著差异,启动缓慢型儿童(n=64)父母的接受性[(17.4±3.4)vs.(15.1±3.8),(15.2±4.1),P0.01]、鼓励独立[(11.9±3.1)vs.(10.4±2.9),(11.0±3.3),P0.01]、保护担忧[(21.7±4.2)vs.(20.4±4.6),(19.6±4.3),P0.05]得分高于易养型(n=607)和难养型(n=108),易养型儿童父母的拒绝[(23.2±3.7)vs.(21.1±2.3),(21.9±3.8),P0.01]得分高于其他两类;儿童消极的气质特点(难养型和启动缓慢型)与父母的拒绝(β=0.653,0.722)和较少鼓励独立有关(β=-1.099,-0.863)。结论:北京农村父母对消极气质的儿童表现出更多的拒绝和较少鼓励独立,应指导难养型和启动缓慢型儿童家长接受儿童,适当予以鼓励。     

医生工作家庭冲突与社会支持、制度支持的关系

目的:了解医生工作家庭冲突的现状及社会支持、制度支持对工作家庭冲突的影响.方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样,抽取山东、湖北、河北和内蒙占自治区的公立医院医生.用自编工作家庭冲突-支持量表进行调查.发放量表6070份,回收有效量表5677份,有效回收率为95.6%.对数据进行描述性分析、路径分析.结果:5677名医生的工作-家庭冲突得分高于家庭-工作冲突[(3.4±1.0)vs.(2.8±1.0),P＜0.001];男性的工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突和冲突压力得分均高于女性[(3.5±1.0)vs.(3.3±1.0),(2.9±1.0)vs.(2.6±1.0),(3.3±1.0)vs.(3.2±1.0);均P＜0.001].工作政策、休班安排负向预测工作-家庭冲突(β=-0.230,-0.151;P＜0.01),亲友支持和同事支持正向预测工作-家庭冲突(β=0.107,0.060;P＜0.01);亲友支持、同事支持和值班安排负向预测家庭-工作冲突(β=-0.086,-0.041,-0.054,P＜0.05),领导支持和工作政策支持正向预测家庭-工作冲突(β=0.037,0.103,P＜0.05);工作-家庭冲突比家庭-工作冲突对冲突压力有更好的预测作用(β=0.635,0.166,P＜0.01).结论:公立医院医生工作和家庭角色的冲突较为严重,工作-家庭冲突比家庭-工作冲突更严重,男性比女性医生报告更高的冲突;私人领域的支持可以缓解家庭-工作冲突,组织提供的制度支持能缓解工作-家庭冲突,跨越边界的支持反而加重了医生的冲突感;两种冲突都能导致更高的角色冲突压力,但工作-家庭冲突的效应更大.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者术前焦虑与术后恢复的关系

目的:探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者术前焦虑情绪与术后疼痛、术后恢复的关系.方法:用医院焦虑抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scale,HADS)评估行腰椎间盘手术的54例患者的焦虑情绪,以≥8分判为有焦虑情绪;用疼痛量表评估患者的疼痛程度,并记录病情恢复情况.用卡方检验,t检验比较焦虑组和非焦虑组的差异情况.结果:54例患者中有25例有焦虑;睡眠情况、对手术的认知程度、手术费用的承受能力与焦虑水平相关(OR=0.495,0.657,1.485).在术后6小时、2天、5天时,焦虑组的疼痛得分高于非焦虑组的疼痛得分[(9.0±4.1)vs.(6.0±3.4),(12.5±4.2)vs.(10.0±3.5),(4.5±1.6 )vs.(2.5±1.2);均P＜0.05].焦虑组患者的住院时间长于非焦虑组患者[(12.5±2.3)d vs.(9.7±2.1)d,P=0.008],排尿困难发生率高于非焦虑组患者(32% vs.17%,P=0.006).腰腿疼在术后第2天、第5天、1个月时焦虑组评分高于非焦虑组[(14.0±3.7)vs.(11.5±3.5),(9.5±4.2)vs.(6.5±3.3),(7.0±4.3)vs.(4.5±2.8);P＜0.05].结论:术前焦虑情绪影响术后刀口疼痛,术前焦虑与术后恢复有关.     

孤独症儿童母亲亲职压力的6个月随访

目的:探讨孤独症儿童母亲在养育和照料患儿过程中亲职压力的变化趋势及相关因素.方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)孤独症诊断标准的78名儿童及其母亲(n=78),研究基线时使用0～6儿童神经心理发育量表、婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表、儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)、孤独症行为评定量表(ABC)评估儿童的发育商、适应行为、疾病严重程度、行为问题;采用流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、亲职压力指标简表(PSI-SF)评估孤独症儿童母亲抑郁状态、焦虑状态及亲职压力水平.分别在研究3个月和研究6个月时再次使用亲职压力指标简表(PSI-SF)对母亲亲职压力进行评估.结果:3个月与6个月时,母亲的亲职压力指标简表中亲职压力总分[(101.9±17.9),(99.9±17.6) vs.(103.1±18.6)]、亲职愁苦得分[(35.3±9.4),(33.7±8.5)vs.(36.9±8.3)]均低于基线(P＜0.05);3个月时困难儿童得分高于6个月时得分[(34.6±8.1)vs.(32.5±7.2),P＜0.05],但与研究基线相比差异无统计学意义.多层线性模型分析显示,6个月中母亲亲职压力指标简表得分呈下降趋势(P＜0.001),与基线相比,3个月、6个月时母亲亲职压力指标简表的得分每隔3个月分值降低1.19.基线时,孤独症儿童的婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表得分与母亲的PSI-SF得分呈负相关(β=-0.20,P＜0.01),儿童的CARS(β=0.92,P＜0.01)及母亲的CES-D(β=0.69,P＜0.01)、SAS (β=0.89,P＜0.01)均与母亲的PSI-SF得分呈正相关.儿童的婴儿～初中生社会生活能力量表得分(β=-0.02,P＜0.05)及母亲的SAS得分(β=0.1,P＜0.01)与6个月时的母亲亲职压力指标简表得分仍然相关.结论:孤独症儿童母亲存在较高的亲职压力,母亲焦虑程度越高、儿童适应行为能力越低时母亲亲职压力可能越高.     

军嫂的婚姻质量、自我和谐与社会支持

目的:探讨军嫂婚姻质量与自我和谐、社会支持的关系.方法:以网络问卷调查和纸质问卷调查相结合的方式,获得军嫂的有效问卷334份.采用Locke-Wallace婚姻调适测定(MAT)、自我和谐量表(SCCS)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查.结果:已生育子女的军嫂MAT得分低于未生育子女的军嫂[(104.7±30.3) vs.(117.1±20.4),P＜0.01],而SCCS和SSRS得分高于未生育子女军嫂[(91.7±13.5) vs.(83.4±15.9),(40.4±7.3) vs.(38.5±6.7); P＜0.01或0.05];两地分居的军嫂MAT和SSRS得分均低于夫妻共同生活的军嫂[(104.5±30.0) vs.(119.4±18.7),(38.3±6.6)Vs.(41.2±7.4);Ps＜0.01];受教育程度为本科及以上军嫂的SCCS得分低于专科及以下军嫂[(83.3±15.4) vs.(91.7±14.4),P＜0.01].军嫂的MAT得分与SSRS得分呈正相关(r=0.34,P＜0.01),SCCS得分与SSRS、MAT得分均呈负相关(r=-0.23、-0.46,P＜0.01).进一步回归分析发现,自我和谐、社会支持可以预测婚姻质量(β=0.25、-0.40,P＜0.01),解释总变异的27％.中介效应检验发现,社会支持在军嫂的自我和谐和婚姻质量之间起着部分中介作用,中介效应大小12.5％.结论:军嫂的自我和谐水平越高其婚姻质量也越高,且社会支持在两者之间起到中介作用.     

The relations among depression in fathers, children's psychopathology, and father-child conflict: a meta-analysis

Research on parental depression is beginning to recognize the importance of studying fathers in relation to maladaptive outcomes in their offspring. Paternal depression is hypothesized to correlate with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children and adolescents and to compromise adaptive parent-child relationships (e.g., increased conflict). In the present paper, meta-analytic procedures were applied to this literature to address the magnitude and direction of covariation between paternal depression and children's functioning. In addition, we tested whether variation in findings could be accounted for by study characteristics. Results indicated that paternal depression was significantly related to offspring internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and father-child conflict. Larger effects for internalizing symptoms were associated with the use of community samples and symptom rating scales of internalizing problems.     

Interstitial deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 4 associated with father-child incompatibility within the Gc-system: probable reduced gene dosage effect and partial piebald trait

Gc-system typing by isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantitative assays were carried out on a patient with a karyotype of 46,XY,del(4)(q12q21.1) and on his parents with normal chromosomes. Although a father-child incompatibility within the Gc-system suggested that its locus is on segment 4q12-13, the serum concentration of vitamin D binding protein in the patient and his father were only about half of that of his mother and control individuals. The possibility of interference of a silent allele in the child could not be excluded. Associated congenital partial leukodermia appeared to be an expression of a partial piebald trait.     

Interstitial deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 4 associated with father-child incompatibility within the Gc- system: Probable reduced gene dosage effect and partial piebald trait

Gc-system typing by isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantitative assays were carried out on a patient with a karyotype of 46,XY,del(4)(q12q21.1) and on his parents with normal chromosomes. Although a father-child incompatibility within the Gc-system suggested that its locus is on segment 4q12-13, the serum concentration of vitamin D binding protein in the patient and his father were only about half of that of his mother and control individuals. The possibility of interference of a silent allele in the child could not be excluded. Associated congenital partial leukodermia appeared to be an expression of a partial piebald trait.     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

即早基因c-fos与脑血管病及学习记忆

即早基因c-fos是广泛存在于原核细胞和真核细胞的高度保守基因.在正常情况下,c-fos基因参与细胞生长、分化、信息传递、学习和记忆等生理过程,而在病理情况下c-fos基因表达及调控变化与多种疾病的发生和发展有关.C-fos在中枢神经系统的某些部位可有基础水平的表达,但表达很低,当受到如脑缺血、脑出血、痫性发作、应激等刺激后,其在数十分钟内做出反应,在对外界刺激-转录耦联的信忠传递过程中起着核内第三信使的重要作用.