rhIL-2与阿霉素长循环热敏脂质体靶向治疗肿瘤的协同作用

目的:观察重组人白细胞介素-2(rhIL-2)与阿霉素长循环热敏脂质体(ALTSL)联合靶向治疗荷H22瘤小鼠的协同作用,并探讨其抑瘤作用的机制。方法:以荷H22瘤小鼠的瘤重为指标,评价药物的抑瘤活性。以荷H22瘤小鼠的存活天数计算生命延长率。以乳酸脱氢酶释放法测定NK细胞的杀伤活性。以MTT比色法检测淋巴细胞的转化率。以流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡及p53、Fas、FasL和caspase-3的表达。用RT PCR法测定IL-2mRNA及IL-12mRNA的表达。镜下观察荷H22瘤小鼠肿瘤、心、肝及肾脏组织的病理变化。结果:rhIL2 ALTSL的抑瘤率显著高于单用ALTSL,分别为73.5%和67.0%;ALTSL和rhIL2 ALTSL均可显著延长荷瘤小鼠的存活时间(P<0.05～P<0.01)与对照组和游离阿霉素(FADM)组相比较,ALTSL组NK细胞的杀伤活性显著增加,rhIL2 ALTSL组NK细胞的杀伤活性更高。与FADM组比较,rhIL-2 ALTSL组淋巴细胞的转化率明显提高(P<0.01)。应用ALTSL组和rhIL-2 ALTSL组均可增强脾细胞中IL-2mRNA和IL-12mRNA的表达,但后者的增强作用高于前者。病理切片检查显示,热敏脂质体配合肿瘤局部加热,使肿瘤细胞凝固坏死,联合应用rhIL-2肿瘤组织溶解,细胞破碎,可见大量的淋巴细胞浸润。结论:ALTSL能提高ADM的抑瘤效果,降低ADM心肺的毒性。rhIL-2 ALTSL可诱导肿瘤     

rhIL-2与阿霉素白蛋白磁微球靶向治疗肿瘤的协同作用

目的：观察重组人白细胞介素-2(rhIL-2)瘤内注射和阿霉素白蛋白磁微球(ADM-MAM)联合外磁场联合治疗H22荷瘤小鼠的协同作用，并探讨其抗肿瘤作用机制。方法：以荷瘤小鼠的瘤重为指标，观察药物的抗肿瘤活性。以乳酸脱氢酶释放法测NK细胞的杀伤活性。以MTT比色法测淋巴细胞的转化率。以流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡及p53、Fas和FasL的表达。用RT—PCR法测定IL—2及IL—12的表达。探讨抗肿瘤机制。结果：ADM—MAM靶向治疗与rhIL—2联用，可显著减小荷瘤小鼠的瘤重；提高NK细胞的杀伤活性和脾脏淋巴细胞的转化率；减小肿瘤细胞的增殖指数，上调肿瘤细胞p53、Fas和FasL的表达，以及增加脾脏淋巴细胞上IL—2及IL—12的表达。结论：ADM—MAM联合外磁场，具有显著增强抑瘤的作用。rhIL—2能增强ADM—MAM靶向治疗的抗肿瘤作用，其抗肿瘤协同作用主要是通过促进T细胞增殖，刺激NK细胞增长等提高机体的免疫功能而实现的。     

IL-21基因治疗小鼠H22细胞皮下移植肝癌模型的效果评价

用已构建的mIL-21/pcDNA3.1重组质粒对H22细胞建立的小鼠肝癌模型进行基因治疗,观察IL-21对小鼠体内抗肿瘤免疫应答的影响及对小鼠生存的影响。采用BALB/c小鼠左腋皮下注射腹水型肝癌细胞株H22细胞建立小鼠移植肝癌模型,给荷瘤小鼠瘤体内注射mIL-21/pcDNA3.1进行基因治疗,MTT比色法检测IL-21对荷瘤小鼠T细胞增殖水平及NK细胞杀伤活性的影响,观察治疗后荷瘤小鼠生存情况及肿瘤生长情况的改变。病理检测结果显示,成功建立了小鼠移植型肝癌模型,MTT比色法显示基因治疗后小鼠T细胞增殖水平及NK细胞杀伤活性显著升高,荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长速度减慢,生存期显著延长。IL-21基因治疗肝癌荷瘤小鼠可显著提高荷瘤小鼠体内抗肿瘤免疫应答水平,抑制肿瘤生长,延长荷瘤小鼠生存期。     

表达CRT-E2融合蛋白肿瘤疫苗诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答

目的:探讨表达钙网蛋白(Calreticulin,CRT)和HPV E2融合蛋白的肿瘤疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的抗肿瘤免疫应答.方法:转染重组质粒得到高表达CRT、E2和CRT-E2融合蛋白的肿瘤细胞,作为肿瘤疫苗隔周两次腹腔注射免疫小鼠,17天后观察成瘤率,检测NK细胞杀伤活性、特异性T细胞增殖能力、CIL活性以及睥淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ水平,并观察荷瘤小鼠生存期.结果:高表达CRT-E2融合蛋白肿瘤疫苗免疫小鼠后,其成瘤率明显低于其他实验组,NK细胞杀伤活性、特异性T细胞增殖能力、CTL活性和脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ水平均显著高于其它实验组(P＜0.01),生存期也明显延长(P＜0.01).结论:小鼠体内实验显示,表达CRT-E2融合蛋白肿瘤疫苗能够诱导特异性CD8+T细胞免疫应答和NK细胞活性,显著抑制了肿瘤生长.     

树突状细胞靶向性DNA疫苗的抗肿瘤免疫效应

目的:构建含OVA-Fc融合基因并对树突状细胞具有靶向性的DNA疫苗,评价其在肿瘤治疗中的作用。方法:构建真核表达载体OVA-Fc-pcDNA3.1,以脂质体转染法将其导入CHO细胞,用流式细胞术和ELISA法检测融合蛋白OVA-Fc的表达。建立E.G7-OVA荷瘤小鼠模型,用51Cr释放实验测定免疫小鼠脾脏细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的抗肿瘤活性。通过观察荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的体积和生存期评价该肿瘤疫苗的疗效。结果:酶切鉴定和序列测定证明,真核表达载体OVA-Fc-pcDNA3.1构建正确。用流式细胞术和ELISA法均表明,转染的CHO细胞能表达OVA-Fc融合蛋白。OVA-Fc能激发CTL的杀伤活性,发挥抗肿瘤作用,从而减缓肿瘤的生长,延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期。结论:含OVA-Fc-pcDNA3.1的树突状细胞靶向性DNA疫苗能在体内有效地激发抗瘤免疫应答,为进一步开展临床实验奠定了基础。     

龙牙楤木多糖抗肿瘤活性及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨龙牙楤木多糖(AEPS)抗肿瘤活性及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:以S180肉瘤为肿瘤模型,检测龙牙楤木多糖对肿瘤生长的抑制活性;MTT法检测龙牙楤木多糖对S180肉瘤细胞、A549肺癌细胞、SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的体外抑制活性;以其对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官、血液淋巴细胞数量及淋巴细胞增殖影响、巨噬细胞活性和NK细胞杀伤活性来评价AEPS对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用。结果:AEPS对S180肉瘤生长有显著的抑制作用,其中75 mg/(kg.d)剂量组抑瘤率最高达57.68%;AEPS对S180肉瘤细胞、A549肺癌细胞、SMMC-7721肝癌细胞生长的最高抑制率均达60%以上;AEPS显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾脏和胸腺质量以及血液淋巴细胞数量,促进淋巴细胞增殖反应,增加NK细胞杀伤活性和巨噬细胞活性。结论:AEPS有显著的抗肿瘤活性,并能直接作用于肿瘤细胞,抑制肿瘤生长,其抑瘤作用与机体免疫功能的增强有关。     

体外扩增的Treg细胞抑制NK细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫

目的研究CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)对NK细胞肿瘤杀伤力的影响及Treg细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫抑制的机制;初步探讨过继输注NK细胞逆转Treg细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫抑制的作用。方法免疫磁珠分离法(MACS)分离得小鼠脾脏Treg细胞及NK细胞,用流式细胞术检测其纯度。以CD3/CD28单克隆抗体磁珠和重组小鼠白介素2(rm IL-2)联合刺激体外扩增Treg细胞,重组小鼠白介素15(rm IL-15)、rm IL-2以及氢化可的松联合刺激体外扩增NK细胞。将扩增后Treg细胞及NK细胞按不同比例混合淋巴细胞培养,MTT比色法检测NK细胞的杀伤活性。将B16-F10小鼠黑色瘤细胞输注至Balb/c小鼠体内建立肺移植瘤模型[1],将荷瘤小鼠分为4组:A组单独接种B16-F10小鼠黑色瘤细胞;B组接种Treg细胞+B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞;C组接种B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞+NK细胞;D组接种Treg细胞+B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞+NK细胞。MTT比色法测定各实验组小鼠脾脏NK细胞的杀伤活性,并比较不同处理组小鼠肺部肿瘤结节数目。结果体外扩增后的Treg细胞对新鲜分选及扩增后的NK细胞活性均具有明显抑制作用(P0.05),且抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系;A组荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性低于正常小鼠,且B组荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性较A组进一步降低(P0.05);D组荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性高于A组和B组荷瘤小鼠,但仍低于正常小鼠组(P0.05)。B组荷瘤小鼠肺部移植瘤数目(105.33±10.97)较A组明显增多(17±4.58)(P0.01);C组荷瘤小鼠肺部移植瘤数目(2.00±1.00)较A组(17±4.58)明显减少(P=0.037);D组荷瘤小鼠肺移植瘤数目(79.00±8.54)较B组明显降低(105.33±10.97)(P=0.030),但仍高于A组荷瘤小鼠(17±4.58)(P0.001)。结论体内种植肿瘤会抑制机体NK细胞活性;输注体外扩增Treg细胞能够通过抑制NK细胞发挥抗肿瘤免疫抑制;过继输注体外扩增NK细胞能够部分逆转Treg细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫抑制。     

模拟失重抑制荷黑素瘤小鼠的T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤免疫功能

目的 研究模拟失重对小鼠T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤免疫功能的影响.方法 小鼠右后肢皮下注射B16细胞建立移植性恶性黑素瘤模型,采用头低位-15°～20°尾吊小鼠模拟失重模型.观察模拟失重对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤体积和生存时间的影响;采用全自动血细胞分析仪和流式细胞仪分别检测模拟失重条件下荷瘤小鼠外周血白细胞、淋巴细胞的变化和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化;采用ELISA法和LDH释放法分别检测模拟失重对肿瘤细胞诱导T淋巴细胞产生IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ的水平和肿瘤特异性CTL对肿瘤细胞杀伤活性的影响.结果 与对照组相比,模拟失重组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长速度加快,生存期缩短,外周血淋巴细胞总数降低,淋巴细胞比例降低,CD3+、CD4 +/CD3+、CD8+/CD3+T淋巴细胞所占比例降低,丝裂原诱导的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).模拟失重条件下,肿瘤细胞诱导产生的细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平降低,肿瘤特异性CTL对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 模拟失重抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤免疫功能.     

三取代型钛钨硅酸盐体内抑瘤效应的免疫机制探讨

目的:探讨三取代型钛钨硅酸盐(WT)体内抑瘤效应的免疫机制。方法:建立荷H22肝癌小鼠模型,WT连续灌胃10d,取出肿瘤称重测定抑瘤率。用MTT比色法测定荷H22肝癌小鼠淋巴细胞转化的活性及NK细胞的杀伤活性。通过形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测WT诱导BEL-7402细胞的凋亡。结果:WT可显著抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.05),提高荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞转化的活性及NK细胞的杀伤活性(P<0.05),并诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡。结论:WT的抑瘤作用与机体免疫功能的增强有关。     

艾灸对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的增强作用

作者通过观察艾灸大椎穴对荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化,NK细胞,LAK细胞活性,IL-2产生水平,探讨艾灸抑瘤效应的免疫学机理。结果显示:艾灸对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能低下或受抑状态,可起到正向免疫调节作用;艾灸治疗组小鼠T淋巴细胞转化,NK、LAK细胞活性;IL-2产生水平较荷瘤对照组明显增高。本研究结果也显示艾灸的治疗作用有选择性的相对的腧穴特异性,艾灸大椎穴组T细胞转化率、NK细胞活性明显高于艾灸非经穴对照组。艾灸抑瘤效应,可能是通过改善荷瘤机体非特异性免疫功能状态,抑制移植性肿瘤在新宿主的早期生长、发展的结果。     

阿霉素联合致敏树突状细胞对荷宫颈癌小鼠的治疗作用

 目的：探讨阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)联合冻融抗原致敏的树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)对荷宫颈癌小鼠的免疫治疗作用。方法：建立小鼠皮下移植瘤模型;应用反复冻融法处理小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞,并致敏小鼠骨髓来源的DCs,制备DCs疫苗;流式细胞术鉴定DCs成熟表型;荷瘤小鼠分为对照组（PBS组）、DCs疫苗组、ADM组和ADM联合DCs疫苗组,进行3个周期的治疗。观察肿瘤大小,第21 d取血,ELISA法检测小鼠血清IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ含量;处死动物,称肿瘤重量。结果：肿瘤冻融抗原致敏DCs后,可高表达白细胞分化抗原CD11c、CD80和CD86;经3个周期的治疗后,ADM联合DCs疫苗组平均瘤重及平均瘤体积均小于ADM组、DCs疫苗组和对照组(P＜0.05),联合治疗组抑瘤率大于其它3组(P＜0.05),且血清IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ水平明显升高 (P＜0.05)。结论：ADM联合肿瘤抗原致敏的DCs疫苗可增强动物的抗肿瘤免疫应答,能有效抑制荷宫颈癌小鼠肿瘤的生长。     

Differential IL-12 responsiveness of T cells but not of NK cells from tumor-bearing mice in IL-12-responsive versus -unresponsive tumor models

While IL-12 administration induces tumor regression through stimulating T cells in tumor-bearing mice, this IL-12 effect is observed in some but not all tumor models. The present study aimed to compare IL-12 responsiveness of T cells from tumor-bearing mice in IL-12-responsive (CSA1M and OV-HM) and -unresponsive (Meth A) tumor models. Tumor regression in IL-12-responsive tumor models required the participation of T cells, but not of NK1.1(+) cells. Because a NK1.1(+) cell population was the major producer of IFN-gamma, comparable levels of IFN-gamma production were induced in IL-12-responsive and -unresponsive tumor-bearing mice. This indicates that the amount of IFN-gamma produced in tumor-bearing individuals does not correlate with the anti-tumor efficacy of IL-12. In contrast, IL-12 responsiveness of T cells differed between the responsive and unresponsive models: purified T cells from CSA1M/OV-HM-bearing or Meth A-bearing mice exhibited high or low IL-12 responsiveness respectively, when evaluated by the amounts of IFN-gamma produced in response to IL-12. T cells from CSA1M- or OV-HM-bearing but not from Meth A-bearing mice exhibited enhanced levels of mRNA for the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R). These results indicate that a fundamental difference exists in IL-12 responsiveness of T cells between IL-12-responsive and -unresponsive tumor models, and that such a difference is associated with the expression of IL-12R on T cells.     

Tumor-induced suppression of interferon-gamma production and enhancement of interleukin-10 production by natural killer (NK) cells: paralleled to CD4+ T cells

The predominance of type two cytokines in syngeneic B16 tumor-bearing mice was confirmed by analysing supernatant contents and mRNA copies of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 from splenocytes. The cytokine-producing lymphocytes were then examined by double-staining flowcytometry. Both CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells and DX5+IFN-gamma+ NK cells from spleen significantly declined, interestingly, the declining degrees of DX5+IFN-gamma+ NK cells were much greater than those of CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells by the percentage in whole NK or T cells or the absolute amounts per spleen at early tumor stage (day 10) or tumor-advanced stage (day 20). In contrast to DX5+IFN-gamma+ NK cells, DX5+IL-10+ NK cells increased during tumor progression, the increasing degrees of DX5+IL-10+ NK cells were also much greater than those of CD4+IL-10+ T cells by the percentage or the absolute amounts. Though the percentage of DX5+IL-4+ NK cells only increased in early tumor stage (day 10), the increasing degree was also greater than that of CD4+IL-4+ T cells. In 20xfield view under laser confocal microscope, the mean numbers of DX5+IFN-gamma+ NK cells and CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells dramatically declined after tumor inoculation. These results suggest that cytokines produced by NK cells, at least partly, account for the balance of type one and two cytokines as done by T cells, and in some conditions, that the NK1 or NK2 cells were possibly more sensitive to tumor progression.     

Augmentation of natural killer activity by neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice

Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice showed decreased natural killer (NK) activity and decreased binding to target cells with progression of the tumor. Treatment of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) increased the cytotoxicity to a level twice or more as high as that of untreated cells, but the same treatment of spleen cells from normal mice had no or little effect. On the other hand, neither in spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice nor in those from normal mice, the VCN treatment had no effect on their binding to M-HeLa cells. The suppression of NK activity by preincubation with serum from tumor-bearing mice or prostaglandin E2 was completely abolished by VCN treatment. The above results indicate that VCN treatment of lymphocytes might augment NK activity by an antagonistic effect against an immune suppressive factor.     

玉屏风散对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨玉屏风散对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫功能的影响.方法:采用体外培养S180肉瘤细胞,接种健康小鼠,建立荷瘤小鼠模型,并给予玉屏风散治疗,观察计算抑瘤率,检测巨噬细胞吞噬活性,巨噬细胞NO分泌量,自然杀伤细胞(NK)活性,T淋巴细胞增殖能力及白介素-2(IL-2)的产生及活性.结果:玉屏风散可提高荷瘤小鼠吞噬细胞的功能,增加巨噬细胞NO分泌量,促进荷瘤小鼠白介素-2(IL-2)的产生,淋巴细胞的转化、及NK细胞活性.结论:玉屏风散可增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,抑制模型鼠肿瘤的生长.     

Effect of Aerva lanata on cell-mediated immune responses and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte generation in normal and tumor-bearing mice

Cell-mediated immunity offers protection against virus-infected cells and tumor cells, involves activation of natural killer (NK) cells, production of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. Administration of an ethanolic extract of Aerva lanata was found to stimulate cell-mediated immunological responses in normal and tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. A significant enhancement in NK cell activity in both normal and tumor-bearing hosts was observed after administration of A. lanata. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity (ACC) were significantly enhanced as well in both sets of treated hosts. In addition, in vivo production of IL-2 and IFNg were each significantly enhanced by extract treatment. The stimulatory effect of A. lanata on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) production was determined by Winn's neutralization assay using CTL-sensitive EL4 thymoma cells. A. lanata treatment caused a significant increase in CTL production in both in vivo and in vitro models, in each case as indicated by a significant increase in the life-spans of tumor-injected mice. Taken together, all of these results in the murine model indicate that administration of an ethanolic extract of A. lanata could enhance the cell-mediated anti-tumor response.     

人外周血NK细胞在细胞因子刺激下扩增后穿孔素、颗粒酶B基因表达的变化

目的 探讨经过纯化及在多种细胞因子的作用下扩增后的NK细胞,其穿孔素(per-furin)、颗粒酶B(granzyme B)表达水平的改变与细胞杀伤率的关系.方法 应用竞争性定量RT-PCR方法 检测了8例供者纯化、扩增后NK细胞的穿孔素、颗粒酶B基因表达水平,同时检测其对K562细胞的杀伤率.结果 经纯化、扩增后的NK细胞,在多种细胞因子作用下穿孔素和颗粒酶B的基因表达水平明显提高,且.IL-2+IL-15组、IL-2+IL-12+IL-15组基因的表达量均显著高于其他组,NK细胞对K562的杀伤率结果 与基因表达水平一致.结论 应用细胞因子后可使NK细胞的穿孔素、颗粒酶B基因表达水平明显提高,同时提高了NK细胞的杀伤功能.