登革病毒Ⅱ型E基因片段在大肠杆菌中的表达及免疫原性分析

目的分析登革病毒Ⅱ型（DEN2）重组包膜蛋白的免疫原性，为登革Ⅱ型亚单位疫苗的研制奠定基础。方法扩增DEN2E基因片段（254—395AA），与表达载体pET-30a连接，构建重组表达载体，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达重组蛋白。重组蛋白经高效液相色谱（HPLC）柱纯化后，进行阻断DEN2感染C6／36细胞试验，同时用重组蛋白免疫小鼠，采用中和实验法测定血清中和抗体效价。结果该基因片段在大肠杆菌中高效表达重组蛋白，重组蛋白可被抗DEN2多克隆抗体识别，纯化后的重组蛋白能有效地抑制DEN2感染C6／36细胞，经重组蛋白免疫的小鼠可产生中和抗体。结论表达的DEN2重组包膜蛋白具有良好的免疫原性，能诱导中和抗体的产生。     

重组霍乱毒素B亚基与恶性疟原虫多表位融合蛋白的免疫原性研究

目的　评价霍乱毒素B亚基与恶性疟原虫多价抗原的融合蛋白的免疫原性。方法　在大肠杆菌中表达重组霍乱毒素与恶性疟原虫多价抗原的融合蛋白 ,通过免疫小鼠评价融合蛋白的免疫原性。结果　通过亲和层析纯化霍乱毒素B亚基与恶性疟原虫多价抗原的融合蛋白 ,不加任何佐剂 ,以 5 0 μg/只的剂量免疫C5 7BL/ 6J小鼠 ,3次免疫后 ,CTB抗体滴度达 1∶6 40 0 ,抗疟原虫抗体滴度 1∶16 0 0 ,其CTL活性为 2 0 7%。结论　霍乱毒素具有较好的佐剂作用 ,经融合蛋白免疫的小鼠能产生良好的体液和细胞免疫 ,为评价该抗原的免疫保护作用打下了基础     

登革病毒重组亚单位疫苗的构建及免疫原性分析

目的 构建登革病毒1～4型重组亚单位疫苗,分析重组疫苗的免疫原性.方法 利用连接肽将登革病毒1型与2型,3型与4型的外膜蛋白DⅢ基因片段连接在一起,克隆人原核表达载体pET-30a,在大肠埃希菌中表达DEN1/2型、DEN3/4型融合重组蛋白.重组蛋白经高效液相色谱柱分离纯化后,混和免疫小鼠,采用中和实验法测定血清中和抗体效价,同时进行乳鼠体内中和实验,观察中和抗体对乳鼠的免疫保护作用.结果 重组蛋白能诱导小鼠产生针对登革病毒1～4型的中和抗体,平均中和效价分别为1：34.9、1：45.3、1：24.7和1：38.4.中和抗体能保护新生乳鼠免受致死剂量DEN1～4的攻击,保护率分别为100%,100%,83%,83%.结论 构建的重组亚单位疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,能诱导小鼠产生中和抗体,为构建单一四价疫苗提供了实验室依据.     

重组天花粉蛋白的原核表达纯化和免疫原性分析

目的构建携带天花粉蛋白基因的高效表达载体,对比原核表达的重组天花粉蛋白和天然蛋白的免疫原性.方法通过RT-PCR技术扩增无N端和C端序列的TCS基因,测序鉴定后克隆入表达载体pET-29b中,IPTG诱导表达.用金属螯合层析法纯化重组蛋白.薄层扫描及Bradford法检测纯化后重组蛋白的纯度和含量.间接ELISA法检测重组蛋白和天然蛋白产生的多克隆抗体效价.Western blotting检测重组蛋白与抗天然蛋白抗体之间的免疫反应性.结果 1.双酶切鉴定结果表明,pET-29b-TCS成功构建;2.30℃,1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导4 h,重组蛋白的表达量最高（占细菌总蛋白量的36%）,主要以可溶性非包涵体形式存在于胞浆中;3.His-tag特异性结合树脂纯化后,获得了纯度达95%的重组蛋白,纯化后的蛋白含量为1.2 g/L;4.间接ELISA法检测天然蛋白和重组蛋白产生的抗体效价分别为1：4 960和1：5 120;5.Western blotting测纯化的重组蛋白与抗天然蛋白的多克隆抗体之间有特异反应性.结论本实验成功构建了高效表达载体pET-29b-TCS,携带的天花粉蛋白基因无N端和C端编码序列.重组蛋白的抗体效价显著低于天然蛋白,表明天然蛋白的糖基化与其免疫原性之间有一定的关系.     

花生过敏原Ara h 8的克隆表达、纯化及免疫学鉴定

目的:克隆花生主要过敏原Ara h 8基因,表达并纯化该蛋白,检测其免疫活性。方法:提取花生总RNA,设计特异性引物,RT-PCR克隆花生Ara h 8基因;将反转录的基因连入pMD19-T Simple Vector,提质粒酶切鉴定并测序。将测序正确的片段连入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)上,并转入BL21(DE3)宿主表达菌中;IPTG诱导表达;通过Ni2+亲和层析(FPLC)纯化目的蛋白Ara h 8;Western blot检测该重组蛋白的免疫原性。结果:测序结果表明克隆的花生Ara h 8基因片段全长为474 bp,编码157个氨基酸,与GenBank中蛋白序列100%相同。重组蛋白纯化后经SDS-PAGE鉴定,目的蛋白大小与理论值相符。Western blot结果表明该蛋白与花生过敏病人混合血清中IgE结合,具有免疫原性。结论:成功克隆并表达纯化了花生过敏原Ara h 8,该基因表达的重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

钩端螺旋体抗原表位预测、重组、表达及免疫原性分析

目的应用生物信息学方法预测两种钩端螺旋体外膜蛋白的表位，结合基因工程手段进行表位重组、表达和免疫原性分析。方法用预测程序ProPred和ANTIGENIC预测LipL32和OmpL1的表位，应用PCR技术合成重组表位基因片段，克隆PCR产物构建重组质粒，测序验证。在BL21（DE3）中诱导表达融合蛋白。纯化该融合蛋白，免疫BALB／c小鼠，显微镜凝集试验（MAT法）测定抗体效价。结果在LipL32和OmpL1中各预测到2个既具有MHC结合肽特性又具有B细胞表位特征的肽段。PCR合成的重组表位基因序列中没有出现移码和碱基置换。纯化后融合蛋白纯度〉90％。融合蛋白产生的抗体效价为75．79，融合头（运载蛋白）抗体效价为10．62。结论重组表位具有一定免疫原性。为相关蛋白的表位重组和亚单位疫苗等方面的研究打下了良好的基础。     

肺炎链球菌蛋白PspC的制备与鉴定

目的对肺炎链球菌表面蛋白C(PspC)进行全基因合成、重组表达、纯化制备和鉴定。方法根据Gen Bank中Psp C的基因序列和氨基酸序列,通过密码子优化和全基因合成的方式获得目的蛋白基因,构建无标签、高效重组表达菌株,建立重组蛋白的纯化制备方法,并进行抗原鉴定及免疫原性检测分析。结果人工合成的Psp C基因序列经鉴定与预期一致,目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,表达量在30%以上,经两步纯化后纯度达到95%。重组蛋白能与肺炎链球菌阳性血清产生特异性抗原抗体反应,免疫小鼠后可诱导产生较高水平的蛋白特异性抗体。结论获得了重组肺炎链球菌蛋白Psp C,其具有与天然抗原相似的抗原性和免疫原性,为今后开展疫苗研制、载体蛋白应用等研究奠定基础。     

艰难梭菌细胞毒素B功能区的原核表达及免疫原性

目的纯化已表达艰难梭菌(CD)细胞毒素B羧基末端受体结合区(CD3)的基因,并检测其免疫原性。方法PCR克隆目的基因到表达载体pET22b( ),重组质粒转化到E.coliBL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,利用金属螯合色谱层析方法纯化后,SDS-PAGE方法对纯化蛋白进行分析。并检测其免疫反应性。结果成功表达的是分子质量约为71.3 ku的重组蛋白,占菌体总蛋白的34%,可溶性表达占上清的22.7%,包涵体占沉淀的25.7%。重组蛋白纯化后可溶性蛋白浓度为0.781 g/L。并与抗毒素B抗体具有良好的免疫原性。结论成功克隆了CD3基因,构建的重组质粒可高效表达CD3重组蛋白,为CD相关性疾病的诊断及后期制备疫苗,提供了有力的保障。     

德国小蠊细胞色素P450 CYP4G19基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的构建细胞色素P450 CYP4G19基因部分片段的原核表达载体并诱导其表达,纯化表达的融合蛋白并制备CYP4G19多克隆抗体。方法应用RT-PCR扩增CYP4G19基因部分片段,产物经T-A克隆、测序鉴定,亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-28a,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,镍离子亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白后,免疫小鼠,获得多克隆抗体,ELISA及Western-blot检测多抗的效价及特异性。结果从德国小蠊cDNA中克隆出一段771bp的亲水性基因片段,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达出约32000Mr、以包涵体形式存在的P450重组蛋白。将纯化、复性的重组蛋白免疫小鼠。得到了滴度高于1：10^6的高效价多克隆抗体。Western-blot显示此多抗能与32000Mr的重组蛋白特异结合,并能识别天然的德国小蠊微粒体P450蛋白。结论利用原核表达的CYP4G19融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。制备出效价高、特异性强的抗德国小蠊CYP4G19多克隆抗体,为下一步关于德国小蠊CYP4G19蛋白表达特性及其抗药性功能的深入研究提供了重要的实验工具。     

幽门螺杆菌hp1188基因的原核表达及免疫学鉴定

目的:构建高效表达Hp1188重组蛋白的基因工程菌pQE30-hp1188-DH5α,提纯重组蛋白,鉴定其抗原性和免疫原性.通过小鼠灌胃试验,验证Hp1188蛋白阻止幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)在胃内定植的作用.方法:构建重组质粒pQE30-hp1188,DNA测序分析正确后,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,IPTG诱导表达.表达蛋白用Ni2+-NTA树脂纯化,SDS-PAGE分析纯度,Bradford法测定浓度,Western blot鉴定对相应抗原的特异性,双向琼脂扩散实验检测效价.纯化重组蛋白和粘膜佐剂霍乱毒素B亚单位(Cholera toxin subunit B,CTB)的混合液灌胃免疫接种预防组BALB/c小鼠,同时设阴性对照组和阳性对照组,免疫4周后用H.pylori NCTC 11637攻击3次,末次攻击4周后处死小鼠,进行胃组织H.pylori 培养;H.pylori 定植半定量、炎症程度及其炎症活动度的评分,以评价重组蛋白对胃组织H.pylori 感染的免疫保护作用.结果:构建的重组表达质粒pQE30-hp1188经DNA测序证实序列完整,插入的基因片段全长810 bp,与基因文库中的hp1188基因同源性达98%,并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达出分子量约为30 kD大小的可溶性目的蛋白,表达量占全菌总量的47%,表达蛋白纯化后纯度达90%,浓度为1.0 mg/ml.Western blot证实有良好抗原结合特异性,双向琼脂扩散效价为1∶16.预防组H.pylori 感染率、定植及炎症程度评分均明显低于阳性对照组(P＜0.05).预防组不仅可以降低H.pylori 的定植,而且能减轻H.pylori造成的小鼠胃组织的局部慢性炎症反应.结论:成功构建了基因工程菌pQE30-hp1188-DH5α,并高效表达了Hp1188重组蛋白,表达蛋白具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性,在小鼠体内能阻止H.pylori 的定植.     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能性的转化,成为目前研究的短板。本文就纳米颗粒/材料在分子成像及诊疗一体化中的应用现状、最新研究进展、面临的挑战和未来前景进行述评。     

T、B细胞表型抗体免疫组化敏感性与特异性分析

目的：探讨Ｔ、Ｂ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤免疫表型染色的特异性和交叉反应性。方法：应用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学方法对６２例非霍奇金淋巴瘤进行ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ７４、ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３免疫表型测定。结果：发现Ｂ细胞表型抗体ＣＤ２０和ＣＤ７４对Ｂ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤染色阳性率达８８．２％～１００％,但ＣＤ７４的特异性不强,与Ｔ细胞有２６．７％（４／１５）～３５．７％（５／１４）的交叉反应,而ＣＤ２０表现出高度的特异性,交叉反应为０。Ｔ细胞表型抗体ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３对Ｔ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤染色阳性率达８５．７％～１００％,但ＣＤ４５ＲＯ和ＣＤ４３对Ｂ细胞的交叉反应高达４０％（６／１５）～４７．１％（８／１７）,特异性不强,而多克隆抗体ＣＤ３与Ｂ细胞仅有５．９％（１／１７）的交叉反应,表现出明显的特异性。结论：提示在进行Ｔ、Ｂ细胞免疫表型划分时,应使用一组包括ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ７４,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３等抗体,ＣＤ３是一种具有高度敏感性和高度特异性的Ｔ细胞标志抗体,值得推荐。     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

小鼠肺细小动脉平滑肌细胞原代培养和鉴定以及低氧对其增殖与凋亡的影响

 目的：建立一种方法简单、重复性好、培养周期短的小鼠肺细小动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）原代培养及传代方法,并初步探索低氧下小鼠PASMCs的增殖与凋亡情况。方法：无菌条件显微镜下分离小鼠肺细小动脉,经胶原酶I消化结合血清铺底法培养PASMCs。传代过程中弃除对细胞损伤大的离心步骤。倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫细胞化学法和免疫荧光染色法进行α-平滑肌肌动蛋白鉴定,CCK-8显法及TUNEL法测定低氧下PASMCs的增殖与凋亡情况。结果：形态学观察、免疫细胞化学法和免疫荧光染色法鉴定均表明培养的细胞为PASMCs。与大鼠传代后的PASMCs典型的“峰-谷”样生长相比,传代后的小鼠PASMCs形态各异,没有此典型“峰-谷”规律。原代培养后5~7 d即传代,依据细胞活性可传3~5代。CCK-8法显示,与常氧组24 h比较,低氧组A值升高（P＜0.05）。TUNEL法结果显示低氧24 h后凋亡率较常氧组下降（P＜0.05）。结论：胶原酶I消化结合血清铺底法培养小鼠PASMCs,方法简单,培养周期短,重复性好,是一种值得推广的小鼠PASMCs体外培养方法。低氧可以促进小鼠PASMCs的增殖,抑制小鼠PASMCs的凋亡。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.